一种金属腔体中微波断层成像的最优分层非均一背景

针对基于金属腔体的微波断层成像系统,提出了一种最优分层非均一背景的设计方法.该方法使用一种新的微波断层成像积分算子评价方法和模拟退火法等最优化方法.首先,介绍了一种基于有限元法的微波断层成像积分算子计算方法.然后,提出一种新的微波断层成像积分算子度量,该度量可以综合评价整个积分算子奇异值谱,并通过一组仿真研究证明该度量与反演结果的误差具有相关性;该度量用一个数值综合评价一个积分算子,可以方便地应用于最优化算法中;利用模拟退火法选择圆形金属腔体中分层非均一背景的每一层介质的相对介电常数,从而获得一个最优分层非均一背景.最后,对尺寸小于半波长的圆柱目标和"凹"字形复杂目标进行仿真研究,仿真结果证明该最优分层非均一背景可以提高微波断层成像算法的收敛速度,提高反演结果的准确性.     

基于反演场扩散消除的时间反演多目标成像技术

基于时间反演腔理论,分析了时间反演场存在的聚焦扩散现象.通过对该现象的分析,提出了利用Clean算法进行单频时间反演场扩散消除,进而实现时间反演多目标成像的技术.全波仿真结果表明,该技术能够消除时间反演场扩散的影响,利用单一频率信号实现多目标的成像.最后,分析了时间反演镜的选取对时间反演场的影响,并在此基础上,提出了非理想情况下相应的时间反演镜信号均衡算法,为时间反演多目标成像技术的实际应用提供了有效的支撑.     

Johnson准则在红外成像系统外场识别性能评估中的应用

通过对外场观测的红外图像进行反演,获取了目标的临界尺寸和目标与背景的平均温差.以热成像系统的测试最小可分辨温差曲线为基础,确定了反演目标表观温度对应的空间频率,并结合Johnson准则和目标传递概率函数建立了实测目标图像与热成像系统探测识别性能的数学模型.该应用技术在外场识别性能评估中避免了人员对红外靶标图像的主观判读,可建立起客观的外场红外系统性能评估模型.对外场实测热图像及数据进行了实验,计算结果表明该模型可以有效地对红外成像系统的探测识别性能进行评估.     

伪装目标与背景的偏振对比特性

为解决传统光强探测手段难以有效探测和识别伪装目标这一难题,基于偏振探测技术搭建了光谱偏振探测成像系统,利用该系统在位于442.0,545.5,670.5,850.5 nm的窄波段对典型草地、土壤背景下的某型深绿色和土黄色伪装涂层进行了光谱偏振探测实验研究。并通过编制的图像处理软件对测试结果进行处理分析以提取其中的偏振信息,获得了目标与背景偏振度和偏振对比度随探测波长和探测角的变化规律。研究结果表明,合理地选择偏振成像探测条件可以使伪装涂层与背景之间存在较大的偏振对比度,可以实现对传统伪装涂层涂覆的目标的有效探测和识别。     

纳米颗粒近场空间光谱散射建模与显微成像分析

用非直观偏振参数显微成像,即采用在传统显微光路中插入模式化装置,通过拟合过滤后对所得数据反演成像,通过对金属纳米颗粒在近场空间散射光谱分析,来解决空间散射现象。用非直观偏振参数显微成像与传统直观成像做对比,并通过时域有限差分法建模仿真,来描述近场直观与非直观散射光谱的差异,对比结果发现,非直观偏振参数显微反演成像的分辨率比直观成像更高,不但能够清晰的探测到纳米颗粒的形状和电场分布,而且比直观成像获得更广泛的空间散射光谱。     

低轨空间目标地基偏振成像系统偏振定标方法

针对地基大口径望远镜的机上自适应光学系统构建的低轨空间目标偏振成像系统,提出一种基于非偏振标准星和机上起偏装置的宽带偏振定标方法。该方法以非偏振标准星作为光源,并在望远镜系统的一次像面处加入起偏装置对入射光的偏振态进行调制,再结合基于非线性最小二乘拟合的偏振定标方法分两步对整个偏振成像系统进行宽带偏振定标。为验证该偏振定标方法的效果,利用Matlab软件基于相干矩阵和偏振追迹构建了相应的模型进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明该偏振定标方法可以有效减小望远镜系统偏振效应对偏振探测准确性的影响,并且偏振定标元件的初始角度误差在±5°范围内时对偏振定标准确性的影响极小。     

基于固体腔扫描法布里-珀罗干涉仪的大气温度绝对探测方法研究

大气温度是描述大气状态的重要基本特征参量之一.目前,基于Rayleigh散射的大气温度探测方法多应用于大气温度的相对探测,即温度反演时需要响应函数和校准程序.本文提出了利用固体腔扫描式法布里-珀罗干涉仪进行大气Rayleigh散射谱型的精细探测方法和残余米散射信号的抑制方法.根据Rayleigh散射谱特点,针对固体腔扫描式法布里-珀罗干涉仪的自由光谱区、固体腔几何长度、腔体介质类型、半高全宽、腔体反射率、扫描间隔等参数进行了优化设计.利用优化参数的固体腔扫描式法布里-珀罗干涉仪获取Rayleigh散射谱上离散点信息,并采用多项式插值方法获得拟合谱型,与根据标准大气模型和S6模型获得的理论谱型进行比对,大气温度探测不确定度小于0.8 K.当信噪比为10时,白天与夜晚的探测距离分别为4.5和7.9 km.该方法可实现大气温度廓线的全天时和高精度绝对探测,并对同类高光谱激光雷达分光系统研究具有借鉴意义,为我国高光谱激光雷达陆基及星载应用提供了一套可行的分光系统解决方案.     

Johnson准则在红外成像系统外场识别性能评估中的应用

通过对外场观测的红外图像进行反演,获取了目标的临界尺寸和目标与背景的平均温差.以热成像系统的测试最小可分辨温差曲线为基础,确定了反演目标表观温度对应的空间频率,并结合Johnson准则和目标传递概率函数建立了实测目标图像与热成像系统探测识别性能的数学模型.该应用技术在外场识别性能评估中避免了人员对红外靶标图像的主观判读...     

水下运动目标激光扫描测距方法研究

相对于传统水下光电成像,水下激光扫描成像系统可以获得更远的作用距离和更好的图像质量.基于激光同步扫描技术,提出了水下运动目标的测距方法,并对测距误差进行了定量分析,为水下目标测距提供了一个新的途径.其中单探测头水下激光扫描测距方法能对合作目标进行测距,在近距离时具有较高的测距精度,双探测头水下激光扫描测距方法能对非合作...     

浅海被动水下偏振成像探测方法

针对传统被动水下偏振成像方法忽略水体对光的吸收效应,成像结果中存在严重的色彩失真,且并未深入发掘利用背景散射光中包含的场景信息的问题.提出浅海被动水下偏振成像探测方法,该方法从水体中背景散射光的传输特性出发,分析场景深度信息与散射光的物理关系,建立基于深度信息的水下Lambertian反射模型,实现无色彩畸变的水下目标场景清晰成像探测.实验结果表明,该方法能够提供接近水下目标真实色彩、符合人眼视觉特性的清晰探测结果,提高水下成像探测能力.     

Stretched backgrounds for acoustic scattering models

For the computational solution of the acoustic scattering problem, new domain integral equations are proposed. These domain integral equations describe the acoustic wave propagation in some chosen inhomogeneous background, whereas the influence of the scattering object is viewed as a superposition of contrast sources. A stretching procedure of the inhomogeneous background to a homogeneous one leads to a domain integral equation in a stretched space, where the Green function has the same simple functionality as the one of the non-stretched homogeneous background. This leads to improved efficiency in the computation of the scattering problem at hand.     

Sound radiation from a thin infinite plate in contact with a layered inhomogeneous fluid

In this paper the sound radiation from a thin infinite plate in contact with a layered inhomogeneous fluid subjected to single point excitation is studied. Sources contributing to the inhomogeneity are discussed, and the fluid is analytically expressed as a layered inhomogeneous field. Using Hankel transform, the equations governing the fluid-structure interaction are solved. The asymptotic form of the radiation pressure at far field is obtained using the method of stationary phase. Numerical examples show that the sound radiation patterns from a plate in contact with an inhomogeneous fluid is much more complicated than that in a homogeneous fluid. Three different radiation patterns (bell, disc, and their combination) were observed in the numerical examples, and the radiation patterns are sensitive to the field parameters. Depending on frequency, the sound pressure at far field is either magnified or reduced compared with that in a homogeneous fluid. And beyond some frequency the sound pressures are almost zero.     

Time-resolved laser optoacoustic tomography of inhomogeneous media

The methods of time-resolved laser optoacoustic tomography of inhomogeneous media and related problems are reviewed. Time-resolved laser optoacoustic tomography allows one to measure the distribution of light absorption in turbid media with depth resolution up to several microns in real time. The theory of laser excitation of acoustic waves by absorbing of light in particles, dispersed in transparent, light-absorbing or scattering media, is developed. The distribution of light absorption can be obtained from the temporal course of acoustic pressure. Two schemes of acoustic wave detection — in the medium under testing (direct detection) and in transparent medium, coupled to the investigated one (indirect detection) — are discussed. In both cases the reconstruction of light absorption can be made by simple calculations. Test experiments with homogeneous and layered media confirm the proposed theoretical models and the possibility of using the proposed experimental schemes. Light absorption in homogeneous, inhomogeneous media and in absorbing particles dispersed in turbid media was investigated. The experimental setup allows one to measure the absorption coefficients over the range 1-500 cm^–1 with the depth resolution 10–15 m over the depth 1–1.5 mm.     

X射线光场成像技术研究

X射线三维成像技术是目前国内外X射线成像研究领域的一个研究热点.但针对一些特殊成像目标,传统X射线计算层析(CT)成像模式易出现投影信息缺失等问题,影响CT重建的图像质量,使得CT成像的应用受到一定的限制.本文主要研究了基于光场成像理论的X射线三维立体成像技术.首先从同步辐射光源模型出发,对X射线光场成像进行建模;然后,基于光场成像数字重聚焦理论,对成像目标场在深度方向上进行切片重建.结果表明:该方法可以实现对成像目标任一视角下任一深度的内部切片重建,但是由于光学聚焦过程中的离焦现象,会引入较为严重的背景噪声.当对其原始数据进行滤波后,再进行X射线光场重聚焦,可以有效消除重建伪影,提高图像的重建质量.本研究既有算法理论意义,又可应用于工业、医疗等较复杂目标的快速检测,具有较大的应用价值.     

舰船尾迹和海面红外仿真成像

舰船在军事领域有着极其重要的地位,其尾迹对海面的温度和高度都会造成相较明显的变化,且具有持续时间长、不易消除等特点,所以模拟舰船尾迹和海面红外辐射图像可以更为直观地识别舰船目标,具有强烈的军事需求。以MODTRAN软件模拟的不同背景环境下大气对8μm～14μm波段的透过率为数据基础,结合Cox-Munk坡度概率分布模型并考虑海浪遮挡因素建立了一种舰船尾迹红外辐射模型,模拟了不同背景环境、不同探测距离的红外尾迹图像。仿真结果表明：相同探测条件下,随着探测距离增大,舰船尾迹辐射亮度减小,但粗糙海面对红外辐射的遮挡作用显著减弱,海面舰船尾迹更易被识别;大气传输模型对红外成像结果影响较大,夏季背景辐射能量大且海面平均遮挡作用小,舰船尾迹红外成像更为清晰。     

Elastic wave scattering around cavities in inhomogeneous continua by the BEM

This work examines elastic wave scattering around cavities embedded in a continuum with depth-dependent shear modulus and under conditions of plane strain. A restricted case of inhomogeneity is considered, where the Poisson ratio is fixed at 0.25 and where the density profile also varies, but proportionally to the shear modulus. For this specific case, the wave speeds remain macroscopically constant and it becomes possible to recover the exact Green functions by using an algebraic transformation method. These functions are subsequently used as kernels in a standard 2D boundary element formulation defined in the Laplace transform domain. The final step involves an inverse Laplace transformation, whereby the transient behavior of cavities in the aforementioned inhomogeneous continuum can be recovered. Two basic examples are solved, namely the circular cylindrical cavity under sudden internal explosion and under a pressure wave sweep. In the latter case, it is possible to investigate the effect that the angle of wave incidence has on the displacement and stress that develop along the cavity's perimeter, given the fact that the shear modulus is changing along the vertical direction. These examples serve to illustrate the present approach and to reveal some interesting differences that are observed in transient wave scattering phenomena between homogeneous and continuously inhomogeneous models, where the latter models yield a more realistic representation of geological formations.     

Femtosecond laser ablation of neurons in <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>. <Emphasis Type="Italic">elegans</Emphasis> for behavioral studies

In this paper, the interaction between the inhomogeneous and anisotropic cloak covered infinitely long PEC circular cylinder and the parallel electric-line-source is investigated in detail. First, the permittivity and permeability tensors of the cloak are defined according to Pendry’s model, then the wave equation in the metamaterial cloak is derived; second, the far/near properties of the model are investigated, and using the boundary conditions the electromagnetic fields of the whole region are calculated analytically; finally, based on the analytical expressions, the electric fields of the whole region are demonstrated through numerical results which show the effects of invisibility. Finally, the effects of loss on the performance of the invisible cloak are investigated.     

Exact sum rules for inhomogeneous drums

We derive general expressions for the sum rules of the eigenvalues of drums of arbitrary shape and arbitrary density, obeying different boundary conditions. The formulas that we present are a generalization of the analogous formulas for one dimensional inhomogeneous systems that we have obtained in a previous paper. We also discuss the extension of these formulas to higher dimensions. We show that in the special case of a density depending only on one variable the sum rules of any integer order can be expressed in terms of a single series. As an application of our result we derive exact sum rules for the homogeneous circular annulus with different boundary conditions, for a homogeneous circular sector and for a radially inhomogeneous circular annulus with Dirichlet boundary conditions.     

强度关联三维衍射层析的实验研究

提出了一种基于强度关联成像的新型三维衍射层析技术.利用强度关联成像技术(鬼成像)可实现无透镜傅里叶变换的特点,并结合衍射层析技术和二步相位恢复算法,使用波长为650 nm的赝热光实现了强度关联三维衍射层析.详细描述了强度关联三维衍射层析的基本原理以及具体实验结果,为在第三代同步辐射光源实现非相干X光衍射成像积累了经验.