超对称大统一理论及低能唯象物理

简要地说明为什么有必要扩展粒子物理标准模型.作为最有兴趣的一类扩展,将主要讨论超对称大统一理论及其低能唯象物理.     

低能核反应理论的研究与应用

介绍有关低能核反应理论的研究与应用工作．The work for research and application of low energy nuclear reaction theories is introduced.     

核温度测量与粒子能量的关系

提取了30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+natAg反应中后角出射的同位素(^6,7Li,^3,4He)产额比温度为5MeV.观察到这一同位素产额比温度随阈值能量E_cut/A的增加而逐渐由5MeV上升到6MeV.为进一步研究这一变化关系,用Monte Carlo方法模拟了热核蒸发粒子的过程,表明随粒子能量的增加,发射该能量粒子的发射源平均温度也在增加.说明高温热核发射高能量粒子的几率大.     

低能实验核物理及其应用

简要地介绍了北京大学技术物理系和重离子物理研究所近年来在低能实验核物理及其应用方面的部分研究工作.Some recent studies on the low energy experimental nuclear physics and its applications at the Department of Technicsal Physics and the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics of Peking University are beiefly introduced in this paper.     

高能诱导核反应中的核碰撞几何与末态粒子的间歇行为

考虑到核碰撞几何,我们推导出高能诱发核反应中二阶阶乘矩与参加反应核子数涨落之间的关系.分析表明,在高能碰撞的射弹碎裂区,强子-核反应末态粒子的间歇性质决定于其强子-强子子过程的间歇特征;而在靶碎裂区,它却主要依赖于参加反应核子数的涨落.推广到核-核反应(B<相似文献   

Nuclear Halo-Like Phenomena and Short-Range Nuclear Correlation

Based on Glauber Multiple Scattering Theory, high-energy proton elastic scattering on halo-like nucleus ^13C is studied in a single nucleon wave function with low angular momentum configurations. A great agreement with experimental data is obtained and the theoretical prediction clearly shows that 13U has a neutron halo-like structure.Then, the origin and nature of nuclear halo phenomena are explained in terms of nuclear short-range correlations. Our conclnsion shows ttiat the origin of nuclear halo-like phenomena originates from short range nuclear correlation.     

Nuclear Halo-Like Phenomena and Short-Range Nuclear Correlation

Based on Glauber Multiple Scattering Theory, high-energy proton elastic scattering on halo-like nucleus 13C is studied in a single nucleon wave function with low angular momentum configurations. A great agreement with experimental data is obtained and the theoretical prediction clearly shows that 13 C has a neutron halo-like structure.Then, the origin and nature of nuclear halo phenomena are explained in terms of nuclear short-range correlations. Our conclusion shows that the origin of nuclear halo-like phenomena originates from short range nuclear correlation.     

Equipartition Rule for the Electron and Nuclear Energy Losses of Channeled Particles

Using the Langevin approach to the theory of channeling, it is shown that the equipartition rule is valid not only in respect of electron energy losses of channeled particles, but for their nuclear energy losses as well. It is shown that nuclear energy losses of channeled particles are directly proportional to the atomic diffusion coefficient, the numerical value of which is calculated using a computer program.     

Skyrme Forces and Their Applications in Low Energy Nuclear Physics

This paper reviews the present status of Skyrme forces and their applications in the field of low energy nuclear physics as an effective nucleon-nucleon interaction. Their applications in the following five domains are presented:1). Hartree-Fock (HF), selfconsistent semiclassical (SCSC) calculations and nuclear ground state properties;2). random phase approximation (RPA), sum rule approach and properties of nuclear giant resonances;3). calculations of microscopic nucleon-nucleus optical potentials and related quantities;4). calculations of nucleus-nucleus optical potentials and fusion barriers;5). multifragmentation, liquid-gas phase transition and instability of hot/compressed nuclei.     

Nuclear Halo-Like Phenomena of 6,8He and Nuclear Short Range Correlation

Based on the nuclear short range correlation in a halo-like nucleus, theoretical analysis of the experimental cross sections for small-angle elastic p-^4,6,8 He scattering at the energy of about 0.7 GeV has been performed in the framework of Glauber multiple scattering theory. Our theoretical calculations reproduce the corresponding experimental data quite successfully. These good agreements confirm that the nuclear halo-like phenomena may originate from the short range correlation between nucleons in a halo-like nucleus.     

Nuclear Halo-Like Phenomena of 6,8He and Nuclear Short Range Correlation

Based on the nuclear short range correlation in a halo-like nucleus, theoretical analysis of the experimental cross sections for small-angle elastic p-4,6,8He scattering at the energy of about 0.7 GeV has been performed in the framework of Glauber multiple scattering theory. Our theoretical calculations reproduce the corresponding experimental data quite successfully. These good agreements confirm that the nuclear halo-like phenomena may originate from the short range correlation between nucleons in a halo-like nucleus.     

低能重离子诱导反应中轻带电粒子和蒸发剩余物的能谱(英文)

在多源理想气体模型的框架内, 用一个关于末态粒子多重数分布的统一描述, 研究了低能重离子诱导反应中轻带电粒子和蒸发剩余物的能谱。 在同一个激发的复合核中, 每个源对带电粒子和蒸发剩余物均贡献一个指数分布的能谱。 计算结果与158, 170, 180 和 200 MeV 20Ne+12C 反应中, 轻带电粒子和蒸发剩余物能谱的实验结果符合。     

Hardware-Software Complex for Measurement of Energy and Angular Distributions of Charged Particles Formed in Nuclear Reactions

A hardware-software complex for measurement of energy and angular distributions of charged particles formed in nuclear reactions is presented. Hardware and software structures of the complex, the basic set of the modular nuclear-physical apparatus of a multichannel detecting system on the basis of ΔE–E telescopes of silicon detectors, and the hardware of experimental data collection, storage, and processing are presented and described.     

Topological Kinks in φ2n Field Theories and Low Energy Excited States

The static kinks and their low energy excited states in scalar field theories with V[φ]= -(1/2)m²φ² + gφ²ⁿ/2n are studied in a function-series method. We give a universal formal solution, and a universal approach to find the low energy excited states as well. Excellent agreement between the FS solution and the exact answer is found. This confirms our predicted results of the energies of the excited quantum states by considering small oscillations about the kink motion.     

电解过程中的非平衡态与异常核现象

电解过程中钯电极表面的尖端效应和磁自收缩现象是产生非平衡条件的重要因素．实验表明,非平衡态对于冷核聚变来说是至关重要的．为了有较深刻地理解冷核聚变机制,对氘在金属中的结构和分布、电极表面的电化学双层、尖端电子发射和电流的磁自收缩等现象要作深入的研究.In this paper,the pin point effect and the magnetic self pinch of electrolysis are suggested to be the important factors to produce conditions that are far from equilibrium and are essential for cold nuclear fusion. Further studies of the structural and electronic properties of deuterium in bulk palladium, the behaviours of electrochemical double layer,and the localized emission sites on surface protrusions of the electrode should be extensively carried out for understanding the mechanism ...     

On Superluminal Particles and the Extended Relativity Theories

Superluminal particles are studied within the framework of the Extended Relativity theory in Clifford spaces (C-spaces). In the simplest scenario, it is found that it is the contribution of the Clifford scalar component π of the poly-vector-valued momentum which is responsible for the superluminal behavior in ordinary spacetime due to the fact that the effective mass is imaginary (tachyonic). However, from the point of view of C-space, there is no superluminal (tachyonic) behavior because the true physical mass still obeys M ²>0. Therefore, there are no violations of the Clifford-extended Lorentz invariance and the extended Relativity principle in C-spaces. It is also explained why the charged muons (leptons) are subluminal while its chargeless neutrinos may admit superluminal propagation. A Born’s Reciprocal Relativity theory in Phase Spaces leads to modified dispersion relations involving both coordinates and momenta, and whose truncations furnish Lorentz-violating dispersion relations which appear in Finsler Geometry, rainbow-metrics models and Double (deformed) Special Relativity. These models also admit superluminal particles. A numerical analysis based on the recent OPERA experimental findings on alleged superluminal muon neutrinos is made. For the average muon neutrino energy of 17 GeV, we find a value for the magnitude that, coincidentally, is close to the mass of the muon m _μ =105.7 MeV.     

原子核质量的测量和评估

质量是原子核的基本性质之一,在核物理和核天体物理中都有重要的应用。原子核质量测量是目前核物理研究的一个前沿热点课题,国际上各个核物理实验室积极发展新设备和新技术,在短寿命放射性核素测量和超高精度质量测量方面取得了重要进展,本文对此进行了总结评述。在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）上利用等时性质量谱仪测量了一些原子核的质量,本文对其在测量精度、核态最短寿命等前沿进展做了简要介绍,并介绍了正在发展的双飞行时间质量谱仪。原子质量评估收集所有与原子核质量相关的实验数据,经过评估后推荐出质量值及相应误差。原子质量评估AME2016于2017年3月发表,为科技工作者提供基准数据。Mass is a fundamental property of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear mass data play an important role in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics. Thanks to the developments of novel mass spectrometers and radioactive nuclear beam facilities, the experimental knowledge of nuclear masses has been continuously expanding along two main directions, including:measurements aimed at high-precision mass values and at the most exotic nuclei far from the stability. The latest progress are reviewed in the paper. In the past few years, mass measurements of short-lived nuclides were performed using isochronous mass spectrometry based on the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL-CSR). The progresses on the frontiers of short half-life and high precision are introduced. The Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME) is the most reliable source for the comprehensive information related to the atomic (nuclear) masses. The latest version of the AME, i.e., AME2016, was published in March, 2017, serving the research community with the benchmark data.     

低能、强流质子圆形加速器共振现象的模型研究

详细讨论了低能强流质子圆形加速器中质子穿越整数及半整数共振点的现象.通过对注入能量为1MeV,加速电压分别为1kV和2kV时的模拟计算,确定了束流安全穿越整数及半整数共振点对二极铁和四极铁加工误差的要求.