铁路提速与弯道向心力

 2004年4月,全国铁路实现了自1994年以来的第五次大面积提速,时速160千米及其以上的线路达到7700千米。今年还将实施第六次大面积提速,部分提速干线列车时速可以提高到200千米,相当于F1赛车多数情况下的平均速度。速度,就是效益,就是竞争力,是交通运输现代化最重要的表现。发展高速铁路是当今世界各国铁路交通发展的潮流与主导趋势。但是制约铁路提速的众多因素中,最重要的一条竟是“弯道”。据郑州铁路局报道:为了列车的安全和平稳,需对7000多千米铁路线上的弯道一一进行调整,将小半径曲线线路全部改造成大半径曲线或直线线路,同时调高曲线外轨。     

固定闭塞系统下列车运行限速区段交通流特性分析

针对铁路交通中四显示固定自动闭塞系统下的限速区段，建立了元胞自动机模型，对限速区段的交通流进行了模拟，分析了限速区段长度、发车时间间隔和限速值对交通流的影响，模拟结果表明减少限速区段长度、适当增加发车时间间隔和提高限速区段限速值都可增加列车在绿灯下的运行时间. 关键词： 四显示固定自动闭塞 元胞自动机 交通流     

道路弯道对交通流影响的研究

在经典NaSch模型的基础上,考虑行驶弯道的曲率半径、弧长以及路面的摩擦系数等对车辆运行的影响,提出一种改进的适应特殊路况的单车道元胞自动机模型.按此模型,通过计算机数值模拟,研究了具有不同曲率半径、不同弧长和不同摩擦系数的弯道对交通流的影响.模拟结果显示,改进后的模型能准确反映特殊路况对行驶车辆的影响,同时再现了与实际交通相一致的时停时走交通波等复杂的非线性现象,根据所反映出的实际交通现象,分析得出了增大弯道曲率半径和弯道处的摩擦系数,并尽量地减小弯道弧长,可以减少弯道处交通事故的发生,避免交通拥堵的发生,提高道路通行能力.     

准移动闭塞系统的元胞自动机模型及列车延迟传播规律的研究

在NaSch模型的基础上，针对铁路交通的特点提出一种用于模拟准移动闭塞系统的元胞自动机模型.应用该模型模拟了准移动闭塞系统列车延迟传播的交通现象，分析了准移动闭塞系统中的轨道定位单元长度、发车时间间隔、初始延迟时间等因素对列车延迟传播的影响. 关键词： 元胞自动机 交通流 准移动闭塞     

弯道交通流跟驰建模与稳定性分析

为发现弯道道路条件下交通流的演化特性及稳定条件,在全速度差最优模型的基础上,研究了弯道情况下的交通流跟驰模型表达式,并以状态空间法和控制系统的稳定性判据对其进行了稳定性分析,得到弯道情况下交通流的稳定条件,最后进行了数值模拟,验证了模型稳定条件的正确性.研究结果表明在相同的初始交通流密度情况下,弯道道路随着道路弧度的增大,交通流稳定性逐渐降低.     

外轨超高与缓和曲线

本文应用惯性离心力的概念,分析铁路弯道处钢轨受力情况,导出外轨超高计算公式及车辆在给定曲率半径的弯道上行驶时最大容许速度公式。又用初等方法论证了在铺设铁路时,平直段与圆弧段间应采用缓和曲线的轨道平滑地连接,并结合我国铁路现状,导出有关公式,进行讨论。     

车辆的长度和速度对单车道混合交通流的影响

在NaSch交通流模型的基础上，建立了单车道上由两种长度不一样、可分别以不同最大速度行驶的车辆构成的混合交通流模型.在周期性边界条件下，通过计算机模拟研究了车辆的长度、最大速度和混合比例系数对混合交通流的影响. 关键词： 元胞自动机 混合交通流 计算机模拟     

公交车站对交通流影响模拟分析

采用元胞自动机模型对城市道路中公交车站影响下的交通流特性进行模拟分析.研究了非港湾式车站和港湾式车站两种设置方式下交通流特性,对公交车比例和公交车站长度的影响进行了分析.模拟结果显示非港湾式车站对交通流的影响较大,通过增加车站长度并不能有效地提高系统流量;港湾式车站对交通流的影响较小,通过增加车站长度可以较大程度地增加系统流量. 关键词： 公交车站 混合交通流 元胞自动机     

双车道元胞自动机NS和WWH交通流混合模型的研究

考虑不同车辆的驾驶员有不同的驾驶方式和习惯，具体表现为不同的驾驶员采用适合自己行车特点的交通流模型在道路上驾车行驶，在一维元胞自动机交通流NS模型和WWH模型的基础上，建立了双车道元胞自动机NS和WWH交通流混合模型. 通过计算机模拟，给出了混合比例系数f_NS对混合交通流的速度-密度和流量-密度图以及车辆转道频率影响的结果. 关键词： 双车道 元胞自动机 混合交通流模型 计算机数值模拟     

基于元胞自动机模型的高架路交织区交通流的研究

高架道路上的交织区时常成为交通瓶颈.以Nagel和Schreckenberg提出的NS元胞自动机交通流模型为基础，考虑到换道因素，对高架路主线为单车道时的交织区路段进行了数值模拟和分析.结果表明：当交通流稀疏时，车流的交织行为对系统影响不大，即使加大交织区长度，整个系统的交通流参数也变化不大；当交通流拥挤时，交织行为会对系统产生不良影响，此时加大交织区长度，可以改善整个系统的交通流状况.模拟结果显示，交织区长度并非越大越好，工程设计中选取一个适宜的中间值，整个系统就可以获得很好的运行效果. 关键词： 交通流 元胞自动机模型 高架路 交织区     

Discrete-time movement model of a group of trains on a rail line with stochastic disturbance

This paper presents a discrete-time model to describe the movements of a group of trains, in which some operational strategies, including traction operation, braking operation and impact of stochastic disturbance, are defined. To show the dynamic characteristics of train traffic flow with stochastic disturbance, some numerical experiments on a railway line are simulated. The computational results show that the discrete-time movement model can well describe the movements of trains on a rail line with the moving-block signalling system. Comparing with the results of no disturbance, it finds that the traffic capacity of the rail line will decrease with the influence of stochastic disturbance. Additionally, the delays incurred by stochastic disturbance can be propagated to the subsequent trains, and then prolong their traversing time on the rail line. It can provide auxiliary information for rescheduling trains when the stochastic disturbance occurs on the railway.     

Modeling and Simulation for Urban Rail Traffic Problem Based on Cellular Automata

Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, we propose a new cellular automata model to simulate the urban rail traffic flow under moving block system and present a new minimum instantaneous distance formula under pure moving block. We also analyze the characteristics of the urban rail traffic flow under the influence of train density, station dwell times, the length of train, and the train velocity. Train delays can be decreased effectively through flexible departure intervals according to the preceding train type before its departure. The results demonstrate that a suitable adjustment of the current train velocity based on the following train velocity can greatly shorten the minimum departure intervals and then increase the capacity of rail transit.     

Modeling and Simulation for Urban Rail Traffic Problem Based on Cellular Automata

Based on the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, we propose a new cellular automata model to simulate the urban rail traffic flow under moving block system and present a new minimum instantaneous distance formula under pure moving block. We also analyze the characteristics of the urban rail traffic flow under the influence of train density, station dwell times, the length of train, and the train velocity. Train delays can be decreased effectively through flexible departure intervals according to the preceding train type before its departure. The results demonstrate that a suitable adjustment of the current train velocity based on the following train velocity can greatly shorten the minimum departure intervals and then increase the capacity of rail transit.     

Simulation optimization for train movement on a single-track railway

Optimizing train movement has a great significance for railway traffic. In this paper, based on the optimal velocity car-following model, we propose a new simulation model for optimizing train movement in railway traffic. Here a kind of single-track railway is considered. Our aim is to reduce the energy consumption of train movement and ensure the train being on time by controlling the velocity curve of train movement. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model is effective for optimizing train movement. In addition, some major characteristics of train movement can be well captured. This method provides a new way to optimize train movement in railway traffic.     

Traffic Modelling for Moving-Block Train Control System

This paper presents a new cellular automaton （CA） model for train control system simulation. In the proposed CA model, the driver reactions to train movements are captured by some updated rules. The space-time diagram of traffic flow and the trajectory of train movement is used to obtain insight into the characteristic behavior of railway traffic flow. A number of simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CA model can be successfully used for the simulations of railway traffic. Not only the characteristic behavior of railway traffic flow can be reproduced, but also the simulation values of the minimum time headway are close to the theoretical values.     

An Improved Discrete-Time Model for Heterogeneous High-Speed Train Traffic Flow

This paper aims to present a simulation model for heterogeneous high-speed train traffic Row based on an improved discrete-time model(IDTM).In the proposed simulation model,four train control strategies,including departing strategy,traveling strategy,braking strategy,overtaking strategy,are well defined to optimize train movements.Based on the proposed simulation model,some characteristics of train traffic Bow are investigated.Numerical results indicate that the departure time intervals,the station dwell time,the section length,and the ratio of fast trains have different influence on traffic capacity and train average velocity.The results can provide some theoretical support for the strategy making of railway departments.     

Scheduling of high-speed rail traffic based on discrete-time movement model

In this paper, a new simulation approach for solving the mixed train scheduling problem on the high-speed double-track rail line is presented. Based on the discrete-time movement model, we propose control strategies for mixed train movement with different speeds on a high-speed double-track rail line, including braking strategy, priority rule, travelling strategy, and departing rule. A new detailed algorithm is also presented based on the proposed control strategies for mixed train movement. Moreover, we analyze the dynamic properties of rail traffic flow on a high-speed rail line. Using our proposed method, we can effectively simulate the mixed train schedule on a rail line. The numerical results demonstrate that an appropriate decrease of the departure interval can enhance the capacity, and a suitable increase of the distance between two adjacent stations can enhance the average speed. Meanwhile, the capacity and the average speed will be increased by appropriately enhancing the ratio of faster train number to slower train number from 1.     

Simulation for influence of train failure on railway traffic flow and research on train operation adjusting strategies using cellular automata

Many complex train operation plans are being implemented in practice because more and more railway transit networks have been constructed and put into use, and thus a certain train’s failure will cause more harmful influence on the efficiency and safety of the overall railway transit system. In this paper, a new cellular automaton model is proposed. In this model, two control schemes are introduced to simulate the characteristic behaviors of railway traffic flow when a train breaks down for traction failure, stops, and later be rescued by its first following train. The simulation results prove that the proposed model is able to simulate the occurrence of train failure and reproduce the complex behaviors of train movement in railway transit system. Two train operation adjusting strategies are proposed and tested later with this model. Simulation results show that increments in train operation interval after the train failure bring more benefits than decrements in maximum velocity and that with proper parameters both strategies can serve to reduce the severity of delay and go-and-stop waves to a lower level.     

Energy-optimal control model for train movements

In this paper, we propose a new cellular automaton (CA) model for train movement simulations under mixed traffic conditions. A kind of control strategy is employed for trains to reduce energy consumption. In the proposed CA model, the driver controls the train movements by using some updated rules. In order to obtain a good insight into the evolution behaviours of the rail traffic flow, we investigate the space--time diagram of the rail traffic flow and the trajectories of the train movements. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CA model can well describe the dynamic behaviours of the train movements. Some complex phenomena of train movements can be reproduced, such as the train delay propagations, etc.