The seed oil of Catalpa. I

Summary 1. The fatty-acid compositions of the seed oils of catalpas cultivated in the Soviet Union have been studied.2. The oil content of the seeds is 21.2–36.7%, the refractive index 1.4905–1.5400, and the iodine number 184.8–201.7.3. The following fatty acids have been found in catalpa oil (%): palmitic — 1.3–4.3; stearic — 1.1–2.5; heneicosanoic — 0.5–5.2; oleic — 5.5–9.8; linoleic — 39.6–50.3; linolenic — 0.4–1.8; and eleostearic — 32.8–46.2.4. The most accurate results for characterizing the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids of the catalpa seed oils are given by Woburn's method of determining iodine numbers. The iodine numbers obtained experimentally agree with those calculated and consequently the addition of halogen to the system of double bonds takes place at all the double bonds.5. The degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids of catalpa oil characterized by the iodine numbers and refractive indices increases in the sequence of species southern, northern, teas, Chinese and has a tendency to rise on passing to more northerly zones, which is one more piece of evidence confirming the correctness of S. L. Ivanov's climatic theory of the structure of fats.Kalinin Polytechnic Institute. Moscow Branch of the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Fats. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 331–337, May–June, 1977.     

Synthetic analogs of natural flavolignans. II. A new synthesis of benzodioxepane analogs of silandrin and hydnocarpin

Benzodioxepane analogs of chalcones have been obtained from which analogs of natural flavolignans — silandrin and hydnocarpin — have been synthesized. The PMR spectra of the new substances are given and are discussed.KIEN, Karakalpak Division, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus. Taras Shevchenko Kiev University, Ukraine. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 480–483, July–August, 1994.     

Steroid glycosides. XIX. A chemical study of funkiosides E and G from the leaves ofFunkia ovata

Summary 1. Gitogenin, diosgenin, kogagenin, ruscogenin, and tokorogenin have been isolated for the first time fromFunkia ovata Spr.2. Structures of two new steroid glycosides — funkiosides E and G — have been determined.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR, Kishinev. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–72, January–February, 1977.     

Triterpene glycosides of Gypsophila trichotoma V. The structure of trichoside D

Summary The structure of the glycosidic carbohydrate chain and the partial structure of the acyloside chain of trichoside D — a new triterpene glycoside fromGypsophila trichotoma — have been established.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–72, January–February, 1972.     

Berberis alkaloids. XXXVII. Investigation of the alkaloids ofB. oblongata andB. integerrima. Crystal structure of 8-trichloromethyldihydroberberine

Two species of Berberis have yielded 10 isoquinoline alkaloids. In addition to known bases, two artifacts have been isolated — 8-trichloromethyldihydroberberine (I) and 8-trichloromethyldihydropalmatine. An x-ray structural analysis has been made of (1).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 889–893, November–December, 1996. Original article submitted April 15, 1996.     

Alkaloids ofNitraria komarovii. IV. Total synthesis of komarovine and komarovidine

Two alkaloids of a new type — komarovine and komarovidine — have been isolated from the epigeal part of theNitraria komarovii. Their structures — 3-(quinolin-8'-yl)--carboline and 3-(quinolin-8'-yl)-5,6-dihydro--carboline, respectively — have been established by synthesis.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 192–195, March–April, 1981.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genus Melandrium I. Polypodin B 22-acetate from Melandrium turkestanicum

Known ecdysteroids — ecdysterone, ecdysterone 22-acetate, polypodin B, integristerone A, and sileneosides A and D — and a new phytoecdysteroid — polypodin B 22-acetate — have been found in the epigeal parts of the plantMelandrium turkestanicum (Rg1.) Vved. (family Caryophyllaceae).Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 480–483, July–August, 1990.     

Alkaloids ofPetilium eduardi. Petine and petine N-oxide

Two new alkaloids — petine and petine N-oxide — have been isolated from the bulbs of Petilium eduardi. Their structures have been established on the basis of spectral characteristics and chemical transformations.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 89-14-75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 524–528, July–August, 1994.     

Triterpene and steroid glycosides of the genusMelilotus and their genins III. Funkioside B and protodioscin from the seeds ofMelilotus tauricus

Two steroid glycosides belonging to the furostan series — funkioside B and protodioscin — have been isolated from the seeds of the plantMelilotus tauricus (Bieb.).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 766–770, November–December, 1994.     

Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of Echinodermata. I. ClassOphiuroidea

The phospholipid compositions of five species of marine ophiuroids belonging to the classOphiuroidea have been investigated. It has been shown that the phosphatidylethanolamines contain almost solely ether bonds in the first position of the glycerophospholipids. The amount of the plasmalogen form in the phosphatidylethanolamines averages 89.8% (82.3–96.2%) and the amount of the alkyl form 9.8% (3.8–17.7%). The compositions of the fatty acids, fatty aldehydes, and alkyl ethers in the two main classes of phospholipids — phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine — have been studied. The main acids found were eicosatetraenoic and eicosapentaenoic, the total amount of which was 53%. It has been shown that the ophiuroids can be used as promising objects for the investigation of the metabolism of alkoxylipids and for their preparative isolation.Volga Basin Ecological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 547–551, September–October, 1986.     

Seed proteins of Ricinus communis. III. Isolation and characterization of the two-component polypeptide chains of acid resins

It has been shown that the acid form of ricin — ricin T — consists of two nonidentical subunits: isoleucine and alanine subunits with molecular weights of 30 and 28 kDa, respectively. The isoelectric points, N- and C-terminal amino acids, and partial amino acid sequences of these subunits have been determined. The two subunits of ricin T have been found to exhibit differences from and similarities to ricins D and E.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 887–892, November–December, 1987.     

Alkaloids of a new type fromSophora alopecuroides L.

Summary The structures of aloperine and allylaloperine (fromSophora alopecuroides L.) — alkaloids of a new structural type for the genusSophora — have been established by chemical and spectral methods. A number of parameters, NMR spectra, and mass spectra characterizing this class of compounds has been obtained. The partial synthesis of allylaloperine has been performed.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 30–37, January–February, 1975.     

Products of phototransformation of provitamins D4 obtained from a mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. I. Irradiation in ethanol

The composition of the photolytic mixture formed on the irradiation of provitamin D₄ has been studied. Together with the main reaction products — vitamin D₄ and provitamin D₄ — a number of by-products were formed the structures of which have been established from their spectral characteristics.Lensoviet Leningrad Technological Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 247–254, March–April, 1989.     

Esters of Ferula karakalensis. Structure and stereochemistry of karaferin and karaferinin

Two new guaiane esters — karaferin and karaferinin — have been isolated fromFerula karakalensis, and their structures and stereochemistry have been established. It has been shown that theFerula sesquiterpene alcohols angrendiol, ugamdiol, and karaferol are biogenetically interconnected and are products of a single chain of the biogenesis of terpenoids in plants.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent; Botanical Garden of Moscow State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 227–231, March–April, 1993.     

Chemistry of isoflavone heteroanalogs. 11. Benzodioxane analogs of chalcone,flavone, and isoflavone

Benzodioxane analogs of chalcones and their epoxides have been prepared. Different types of analogs of natural flavonolignan — silibin — have been synthesized from these compounds. The PMR spectra of the new compounds and the results of the preliminary biological testings are reported and discussed.For article 10, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 192–198, February, 1986.     

Triterpene glycosides ofHedera colchica. Structure of hederacolchisides E and F

The leaves of Colchis ivy (family Araliaceae) have yielded polar glycosides — hederacolchisides E and F — and their structures have been established. It has been shown on the basis of the results of methylation and of acid and alkaline hydrolysis that these glycosides are hexaosides of oleanolic acid and of hederagenin.I. G. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, Tbilisi. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 747–750, November–December, 1984.     

Steroid saponins and sapogenins ofAllium. XX. Structure of karatavisoides E and F

The structures of two new steroid glycosides of the spirostan series isolated from inflorescences of the plantAllium karataviense Rgl. (family Alliaceae) — karataviosides E and F — have been shown on the basis of chemical transformations and spectral characteristics.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–73, January–February, 1984.     

Diterpenoids ofPulicaria salviifolia. I. Structures of salvin and salvinin

Two new diterpenoids of the clerodane series — salvin and salvinin — have been isolated from the epigeal part ofPulicaria salviifolia Bgl. in Mem. A structure and a most probable stereochemistry are proposed.Presented at the VIIth Indo-Soviet Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds [16].Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 201–205, March–April, 1985.     

Triterpene and steroid glycosides of the genusMelilotus and their genins IV. Trillin and dioscin from the seeds ofMelilotus tauricus

Two steroid glycosides belonging to the spirostan series — trillin and dioscin — have been isolated from the seeds of the plantMelilotus tauricus (Bieb.) Ser.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 770–772, November–December, 1994.     

Chemical synthesis and enzymatic assembly of fragments of the DNA coding immunodominant epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus

More than twenty 13- to 55-membered oligo(poly)nucleotides have been synthesized by the H-phosphonate solid-phase method in the manual variant using an original procedure. From the oligonucleotides obtained, seven DNA duplexes coding immunodominant epitopes of HIV-1 proteins have been formed: 598–609 and 737–748 gp41, 91–115 and 105–115 gag, and 940–951 pol and a number of its mutants. The ligase assembly and polymerization of the DNA duplexes obtained has been carried out. The efficiency of ligation amounted to from 60 to 90%. The possibility of their directed polymerization was determined by the flanking of the duplexes by partially completed half-sites of restrictases BamHI and XhoI.Abbreviations adopted: HIV-1 — human immunodeficiency virus, type 1; (+)-chain — the coding chain — and (–)-chain the chain complementary to the coding chain of the DNA duplex; CPG — controlled-pore glass; PAAG — polyacrylamide gel; Py — pyridine.D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. V. A. Engel'gardt Institute of Molecular Biology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 393–399, May–June, 1990.