鲁米诺在铂电极上阳极电致化学发光的机理研究

研究了碱性鲁米诺溶液在多晶铂电极上的阳极电致化学发光(ECL)行为,观察到电极的预极化处理和溶解氧跟发光峰强度和峰形有直接关系。结合XPS谱图和Pt,Pt|S~a~d~s修饰电极的循环伏安特性,给出了鲁米诺阳极ECL两个发光通道的可能反应机理:(1)鲁米诺阴离子在表面有新鲜Pt原子的电极上氧化生成鲁米诺自由基,然后迅速与溶液中的氧反应形成0.22V(vs.Ag)处的发光肩峰;(2)电极表面的铂氧化物能加速原子态氧的发生过程,并增大0.60V(vs.Ag)附近ECL主峰的发光强度。     

基于四苯乙烯自聚集膜增强电化学发光灵敏检测溶解氧

该文发展了一种基于四苯乙烯(TPE)在电极表面自聚集增强鲁米诺电化学发光信号的新技术,并实现了溶解氧的定量测定。将TPE分子修饰至金电极表面,在室温下形成多孔隙、无定形的聚集态自组装薄膜,有效增加了电极比表面积与孔隙的协同作用,高效捕获氧气分子O_2与超氧阴离子自由基O■,使鲁米诺的电化学发光信号得到显著增强。TPE修饰电极具有较高的稳定性与较好的重现性。利用氮气排除氧气,可改变鲁米诺电化学发光强度,进而测定溶液中溶解氧的含量。研究显示,通氮时间(1～6 min)与溶解氧浓度在1.63～0.190 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r~2)为0.990 9,溶解氧初始浓度的最低检出限为1.89 mg/L。方法操作简单、检测快速、信号变化灵敏,为溶解氧的灵敏检测提供了新方法。     

碱性溶液中鲁米诺电化学发光的研究

本文在自制的电化学发光仪上对鲁米诺的电化学发光行为进行了研究。发现在KOH-KCl(pH12.5)介质中,当Pt-Pt电极施加+1.2V(vs.SCE)的矩形脉冲时,可观察到鲁米诺的发光现象。发光强度与鲁米诺浓度在2.0×10~(-8)M-1.2×10~(-5)M范围内呈线性关系。鲁米诺的检测限达7×10~(-9)M。本文还研究了电学参数对鲁米诺发光的影响,并提出了其电化学发光的可能机理。     

鲁米诺在铂热控微电极上的电致化学发光行为研究

研究了鲁米诺在铂热控微电极上的电致化学发光(ECL)行为。当电极表面温度为25℃时,在0.80 V有一个明显的ECL峰(ECL-2);当电极表面温度高于43℃时,鲁米诺在0.45 V和0.80 V各出现一个ECL峰(ECL-1和ECL-2),而且这两个峰的强度随着电极表面温度的变化而变化。同时,对各ECL信号的发光机理进行了探讨。     

Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)-C_2O_4~(2-)-PtE体系的两条电致化学发光通道

运用电位分辨电致化学发光 (PRECL)手段发现Ru(bpy) 2 + 3 C2 O2 -4 PtE体系在预氧化的多晶铂电极上存在两个发光通道 ,这两个通道分别位于 1.2 2V和 1.40V处 .对影响两发光通道的条件进行了研究 ,比较了几种经过不同预处理方式 (直接抛光、阳极极化和阴极极化的电极以及S吸附电极 )以及体系中不同C2 O2 -4 浓度 ,pH ,溶解氧和溶解二氧化碳对两PRECL峰形、峰强度的影响 .提出第二个ECL发光峰的机制为C2 O2 -4 直接电极氧化产物CO2 -·(或C2 O4 -·)的催化发光 .     

两极隔离式双极电极的电化学发光行为及其分析特性研究

设计了一种两极隔离式双极电极电化学发光装置,并以此装置为基础,研究了电化学发光试剂鲁米诺在此装置中的电化学发光行为和分析特性。通过外加电场的诱导,可以在双极电极的两极富集、分离对应的阴、阳离子,使鲁米诺阴离子富集于双极电极的阳极端,待检测的阳离子富集于双极电极阴极端。根据鲁米诺在阳极端的电化学发光信号定量分析阴极端所富集的阳离子的总量。在最佳条件下,鲁米诺电化学发光信号与分析物浓度在1.0×10-9~1.0×10-8mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限达1.1×10-10mol/L。以此为基础,发展了一种电化学发光方法测定溶液电导的新方法。     

化学氧化合成聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线的电化学发光特性研究

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,通过氧化苯胺和鲁米诺混合溶液合成了聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线。相对于鲁米诺425 nm处的最大荧光发射波长,复合纳米线中聚鲁米诺的最大荧光发射波长明显红移到465 nm处。采用简单的滴凃方式将聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线修饰于石墨电极表面,形成一层稳定的聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)复合纳米线膜。此聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)纳米线膜修饰电极呈现出良好的电化学发光特性,H2O2对化学合成的聚(苯胺-鲁米诺)纳米线电化学发光呈现出增敏效应。在优化实验条件下,修饰电极的电化学发光信号与H2O2在5.0×10#9~1.0×10#5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2×10#9mol/L。     

Ru(bpy)^2^+~3-C2O^2^-~4-PtE体系的两条电致化学发光通道

运用电位分辨电致化学发光(PRECL)手段发现Ru(bpy)^2^+~3-C2O^2^-~4-PtE体系在预氧化的多晶铂电极上存在两个发光通道，这两个通道分别位于1.22V和1.44V处，对影响两发光通道的条件进行了研究，比较了几种经过不同预处理方式(直接抛光、阳极极化和阴极极化的电极以及S吸附电极)以及体系中不同C2O^2^-~4浓度，pH，溶解氧和溶解二氧化碳对两PRECL峰形、峰强度的影响。提出第二个ECL发光峰的机制为C2O^2^-~4直接电极氧化产物CO^-^.~2(或C2O^-^.~4)的催化发光。     

Ru(bpy)^2^+~3-C2O^2^-~4-PtE体系的两条电致化学发光通道

运用电位分辨电致化学发光(PRECL)手段发现Ru(bpy)^2^+~3-C2O^2^-~4-PtE体系在预氧化的多晶铂电极上存在两个发光通道,这两个通道分别位于1.22V和1.44V处,对影响两发光通道的条件进行了研究,比较了几种经过不同预处理方式(直接抛光、阳极极化和阴极极化的电极以及S吸附电极)以及体系中不同C2O^2^-~4浓度,pH,溶解氧和溶解二氧化碳对两PRECL峰形、峰强度的影响。提出第二个ECL发光峰的机制为C2O^2^-~4直接电极氧化产物CO^-^.~2(或C2O^-^.~4)的催化发光。     

铂电极上醋酸-醋酐溶液中Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)电对研究

平衡电极电势实验确定了25℃,1.5 mol@L-1醋酸钾+醋酸-醋酐(3:l体积比)溶液中Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)的条件电极电势为0.719 V(vs SCE);采用电势扫描和旋转圆盘电极技术研究了醋酸-醋酐溶液中铂电极上Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)电对的阳极氧化动力学.结果表明:Mn(Ⅱ)阳极氧化成Mn(Ⅲ)的电极反应控制步骤属电荷传递过程,阳极传递系数β=0.347,交换电流密度ia=5.84×10-6A@cm-2,阳极标准反应速率常数ka=1.35 ×10-8m@s-1,Mn(Ⅱ)和OAc-的反应级数均为一级.     

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of luminol on a gold-nanorod-modified gold electrode

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol on a gold-nanorod-modified gold electrode was studied, and five ECL peaks were obtained under conventional cyclic voltammetry in both neutral and alkaline solutions. Among them, four ECL peaks (ECL-1-4) were also observed on a gold-nanosphere-modified gold electrode, but the intensities of these ECL peaks were enhanced about 2-10-fold on a gold-nanorod-modified gold electrode in neutral solution. One new strong ECL peak (ECL-5) was obtained at -0.28 V (vs SCE) on a gold-nanorod-modified gold electrode in both neutral and alkaline solutions and enhanced with an increase in pH. In strong alkaline solutions, ECL-1 and ECL-2 on a gold-nanosphere-modified electrode were much stronger than those on a gold-nanorod-modified gold electrode, while ECL-3-5 appeared to only happen on a gold-nanorod-modified gold electrode. The emitter of all the ECL peaks was identified as 3-aminophthalate. The ECL peaks were found to depend on the scan direction, the electrolytes, the pH, and the presence of O(2) and N(2). The reaction pathways for ECL-4 have been further elucidated, and the mechanism of the new ECL peak (ECL-5) has been proposed. The results indicate that a gold-nanorod-modified gold electrode has a catalytic effect on luminol ECL different from that of a gold-nanosphere-modified gold electrode, revealing that the shape of the metal nanoparticles has an important effect on the luminol ECL behavior. The strong ECL of luminol in neutral solution obtained on a gold-nanorod-modified electrode may be used for the sensitive detection of biologically important compounds in physiological conditions.     

碱性鲁米诺体系在玻碳和铂电极上的电位分辨电致化学发光研究

提出一种使用循环伏安（ＣＶ）扫描电位下的电致化学发光（ＥＣＬ）研究方法,在自制的仪器系统中同时进行ｉ－Ｅ和Ｉ－Ｅ测量,获得对应的ＣＶ和电位分辨的电致化学发光（ＰＲＥＣＬ）曲线。首先发现碱性鲁米诺体系在玻碳电极（ＧＣＥ）上呈现２个阳极发光峰（在０．３２Ｖ、０．３９Ｖｖｓ．Ａｇ）和１个阴极发光峰（在－０．６２Ｖ）,在Ｐｔ电极上呈现２个阳极发光峰（在０．４９Ｖ、０．７５Ｖ）。结合ＣＶ、一阶微分伏安、Ｃｌ     

Kinetic considerations on the electrogenerated luminescence of luminol at platinum electrode in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen

The ECL behavior of the luminol/H2O2 and luminol/O2 systems was evaluated at Pt electrode by using different electroanalytical techniques such as chronoamperometry, cyclic and rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry. Diffusive and kinetic parameters such as the diffusion coefficient of luminol, D, the number of exchanged electrons, n, and the apparent heterogeneous rate constant, kap, were determined in the maximum light emission conditions achieved at pH 11, at an electrode potential of 750 mV vs. SCE. The experimental order of reaction were determined from the relation between the reactant concentrations and the emitted light intensity.     

Electrochemiluminescence detection of dichlorvos pesticide in luminol-CTAB medium

A simple, novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method for the detection of dichlorvos pesticide (DDVP) with high sensitivity was discovered. Detection was carried out in a static ECL system, in which a glassy carbon electrode was selected as the working electrode. ECL parameters, including the concentrations of cetyrltrimethylammonium bromide and luminol, the solution pH, and the scan rate of the applied potential, were optimized. Under these optimal conditions, the linear response of ECL-emission versus DDVP concentration was valid in the range 5-8000 ng/L (r(2)=0.9982) with a relative standard deviation of 4.3% at 2000 ng/L (n=10), yielding a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.42 ng/L. The ECL emission was caused by a radical reaction process, in which the dissolved oxygen in the luminol solution reacted with the DDVP and generated free radicals. The free radicals reacted with the luminol anion and yielded the luminol radical. The approach presented was successfully applied to the determination of DDVP residues in vegetable samples.     

双硫腙水溶液的极谱研究

用单扫描极谱法和循环伏安法研究了双硫腙在酸性和碱性水溶液中的极谱行为.在碱性介质中,有三个还原波-0.63,-0.52和-0.45V,分别对应于双硫腙阴离子,它的氧化产物四氮化合物和二硫化合物的还原过程,在酸性介质中,只有一个-0.18V的双硫腙还原波.上述波的电极反应和特征也讨论了.     

酸性和碱性介质中甘氨酸解离吸附和氧化的EQCM研究

用电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)研究酸性和碱性介质中甘氨酸在Pt电极上的吸附和氧化过程.结果表明,甘氨酸的解离吸附和氧化行为与溶液的酸碱性密切相关.酸性溶液中甘氨酸吸附较弱,碱性溶液中则产生强吸附物,且当电位低于0V(vs.SCE)时可吸附于Pt电极表面.此外,碱性溶液中甘氨酸还表现出较高的电氧化活性.通过EQCM定量检测上述过程中Pt电极表面的质量变化,测定了不同电位区间(氢区、双电层区和氧区)每传递一个电子所对应的电极表面吸附物种的平均摩尔质量.     

Role of acidity on the electrochemistry of Prussian Blue at plain and Nation filmcoated electrodes

Prussian Blue (PB) coated on plain platinum (Pt) shows a redox wave at 0.44V vs SCE in addition to the two usual redox waves at 0.82 and 0.12 V vs SCE when the electrodes were dipped in acidic KC1 solution. PB incorporated into Nation film-coated on Pt electrode exhibited the same behaviour even in the presence of neutral KG solution. In acidic KC1, the additional redox wave observed for PB incorporated into Nation film shifted positively to 0.39V vs SCE and the peak separation was reduced to 30mV. The observed additional redox wave for PB coated on plain Pt electrode and incorporated into Nafion film-coated Pt electrodes was assigned to the partial reduction of PB occurring due to the insertion of protons into the film. The effect of various cations on the electrochemistry of PB incorporated into Nafion film-coated electrode was also studied.