聚甲基丙烯酸基纳米水凝胶的“绿色”合成

利用原位生成的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯种子乳胶模板以及表面活性剂与功能单体间的正负电荷作用,发展了一种可在全水相中“绿色”合成聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)基纳米水凝胶的新方法.利用动态光散射法、ξ-电位测定、FTIR和TEM对纳米水凝胶的尺寸及其分布、表面电荷、组成、形态、结构和pH响应行为进行了表征.结果表明,PMAA基纳米水凝胶具有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯内核和交联聚甲基丙烯酸外壳的核壳结构.当甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的用量由2 mL增至3 mL时,PMAA基纳米水凝胶的尺寸变大.当MAA的用量增加至5 mL时,反应体系中除了生成PMAA基纳米水凝胶外,还生成了PMAA次级粒子.PMAA基纳米水凝胶表现出良好的pH响应性:当介质的pH值由2增加至7时,其流体力学体积扩张了近80倍.     

聚甲基丙烯酸纳米水凝胶的水相合成及其磁性功能化

利用十二烷基硫酸钠/吐温20复配表面活性剂和原位生成的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)种子乳胶,发展了一种可在全水相中"绿色"合成较高浓度的聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)纳米水凝胶的新方法.以PMAA纳米水凝胶为前驱体,采用原位氧化沉淀法制备了磁性PMAA纳米微球.利用动态光散射法、FTIR分析、TEM观察、振动样品磁强计测试(VSM)、热重分析(TG)等对纳米水凝胶和磁性微球进行了表征,并探讨了PMAA纳米水凝胶的形成机理.结果表明,吐温20与MAA和PMAA间的氢键作用,促成了交联PMAA/吐温20复合物层在PMMA种子乳胶表面的选择性生长,导致生成了具有核壳结构的PMAA纳米水凝胶.PMAA纳米水凝胶表现出良好的p H响应性,当介质的p H值由1增加至6时,其流体力学体积扩张了近50倍.磁性PMAA纳米微球具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度高达50 A·m~2/kg.     

P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的制备与表征

利用单体对之间的氢键特殊相互作用,采用一步反应在水相中共聚甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和交联剂乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA),制备了pH响应性共聚物P(MAAco-AM)纳米水凝胶。采用纳米粒度与电位分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电镜等对P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的尺寸、形貌、组成和结构进行了表征。系统研究了反应参数对P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的影响。结果表明:当两单体等物质的量投料时所制备的P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶粒径分布最窄(〈Dh〉=129nm,PDI=0.095),且其粒径随着两单体用量的增加而增大。随着单体加入时间的延长或EGDMA用量的增加,P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶的粒径逐渐变小。P(MAA-co-AM)纳米水凝胶表现出极好的pH响应性:当介质的pH从4增加到8时,溶胀比高达7,体积扩张了343倍。     

新型核壳结构水凝胶的合成与表征

以羟丙基纤维素为模板,在水溶液中合成了不含表面活性剂的聚甲基丙烯酸（PMAA）纳米水凝胶。再以该PMAA纳米水凝胶为模板,合成了具有pH和温度双重敏感的聚甲基丙烯酸/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PMAA-PNIPA）核壳结构纳米水凝胶。对纳米水凝胶的形态、结构、pH以及温度敏感性的表征结果表明,纳米水凝胶粒径为338.8～407.9 nm,并随交联剂用量的增加而减小,其体积相转变具有良好的pH及温度响应性,这种绿色合成的生物相容性新型核壳结构纳米水凝胶具有极为广泛的应用前景。     

N-乙烯基咔唑标记甲基丙烯酸-苊烯共聚物的荧光特性

合成了苊烯(ACE)含量依次为4.3、7.5、15.1及20.8 mol％的N 乙烯基咔唑(NVCz)标记甲基丙烯酸(MAA) 苊烯共聚物(PMAA ACE/NVCz）和ACE含量仅为0.5 mol％的ACE MAA共聚物（PMAA ACE）,研究了各共聚物在稀水溶液中的荧光行为和pH、表面活性剂等对共聚物荧光特性的影响.实验发现:在酸性介质中共聚物的压缩线团构象使激发态缔合物荧光相对增强,ACE到NVCz能量转移效率增加;碱性介质中共聚物构象相对松散,ACE到NVCz能量转移效率降低,因此荧光光谱中NVCz特征几乎消失.阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS),阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(AHTB)以及中性表面活性剂吐温80的引入使共聚物在酸性介质中的单体荧光特征增强,ACE到NVCz的能量转移效率下降;在碱性介质中引入AHTB部分中和了共聚物链上的负电荷,使共聚物构象重新卷曲,ACE到NVCz的能量转移效率提高,荧光光谱中NVCz特征重新出现,ACE单体荧光特征相应减少;在碱性介质中引入SDS以及吐温80对共聚物荧光光谱影响不大.     

疏水改性pH敏感水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC_(16))的制备及其溶胀性能

以二烯丙基胺和1-溴代十六烷为原料合成了疏水单体N,N-二烯丙基正十六烷胺(DiAC16),用FTIR、1H NMR和元素分析对其进行了表征。以2-羟基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(HEMA)、丙烯酸(AA)和N,N-二烯丙基正十六烷胺为共聚单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,过硫酸铵-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)为引发体系,制得的疏水改性智能水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC16)具有pH敏感特性。研究了DiAC16、NaAA、BIS用量及pH值和离子强度等因素对水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC16)溶胀性能的影响。结果表明,凝胶在水中的平衡溶胀率(为78.9~163.91),随DiAC16、BIS用量的增加和NaAA用量的减少而减少,n值(一般在0.5~1.0之间)随DiAC16、NaAA和BIS用量的增加而增加,为非Fickian扩散。水凝胶的吸水溶胀是放热过程,ΔH m在-2.09~-3.64 kJ/mol,ΔH m的绝对值随DiAC16用量的减少、NaAA用量和BIS用量的增加而增大,聚合物与水的亲和力逐渐增强。随离子强度的增强,平衡溶胀率下降。     

疏水改性pH响应型智能水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC16)的制备及其溶胀性能

以二烯丙基胺和1-溴代十六烷为原料合成了疏水单体N,N-二烯丙基正十六烷胺(DiAC16),用FTIR、1H NMR 和元素分析对其进行了表征。 以2-羟基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(HEMA)、丙烯酸(AA)和N,N-二烯丙基正十六烷胺为共聚单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,过硫酸铵-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)为引发体系,制得的疏水改性智能水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC16)具有pH敏感特性。 研究了DiAC16、NaAA、BIS用量及pH值和离子强度等因素对水凝胶P(HEMA-NaAA-DiAC16)溶胀性能的影响。 结果表明,凝胶在水中的平衡溶胀率(为78.9～163.91),随DiAC16、BIS用量的增加和NaAA用量的减少而减少,n值(一般在0.5~1.0之间)随DiAC16、NaAA和BIS用量的增加而增加,为非Fickian扩散。 水凝胶的吸水溶胀是放热过程,ΔHm在-2.09～-3.64 kJ/mol,ΔHm的绝对值随DiAC16用量的减少、NaAA用量和BIS用量的增加而增大,聚合物与水的亲和力逐渐增强。 随离子强度的增强,平衡溶胀率下降。     

磁性半互穿网络智能水凝胶的合成及性质评价

以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,利用IPN技术并结合磁性的γ-Fe2O3增强剂,在水溶液中制备了半互穿网络水凝胶(PMAA/PAM-NIPAAm/γ-Fe2O3),研究了水凝胶的溶胀性﹑热稳定性和电磁性。实验表明,水凝胶形成稳定的IPN互穿网络结构且该水凝胶具温度、pH双重敏感性和顺电磁性。所合成的水凝胶在低临界溶解温度31℃以下,具有明显正向温敏性,高于此温度,水凝胶的温度敏感性会逐渐减弱。产品成功克服了NIPAAm类水凝胶的温缩性。     

快速pH响应丝胶/聚甲基丙烯酸互穿网络水凝胶的合成及表征

采用同步互穿网络方法制备丝胶蛋白(SS)/聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)为组分的互穿网络(IPN)水凝胶. 研究了互穿网络水凝胶对介质pH的刺激响应性能. 结果表明, IPN水凝胶具有强烈的pH刺激响应性能. 在pH=9.2的缓冲溶液中, -COOH解离成 -COO^-, 渗透压与网络之间的静电排斥作用导致IPN的溶胀度增大; 当pH减小时, 溶胀度随之减小. IPN水凝胶具有快速退溶胀速率及可逆溶胀-收缩性能.     

P(NIPA-co-NVP)温敏性凝胶微粒的药物释放与降解

本文采用N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP),以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,氧化-还原试剂引发,通过反相悬浮共聚制备了微粒状热缩温敏水凝胶;研究了共聚单体配比及交联剂用量对凝胶温敏性能和溶胀性能的影响,并利用其温敏性以水杨酸为模型药物进行了药物吸附-释放实验;利用红外光谱和显微技术对微凝胶的结构和形态进行了表征,并初步探讨了该凝胶降解的可能性。实验发现:NVP单体的加入使共聚凝胶的体积相变温度和平衡溶胀率都明显升高,药物吸附率增加,而溶胀-退溶胀的响应速度及水保留率降低,释药率降低;该凝胶在pH1,37℃条件下能够降解,降解率随单体中NVP含量的增加而增加,随交联剂用量的增加而降低。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.