SMA高级醇酯的合成及其对HDPE表面的改性

以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)为骨架,通过酯化反应,在SMA上接枝不同链长的高级脂肪醇侧链,制备了一系列大分子表面改性剂。将SMA及其高级醇酯化物与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行共混,利用全反射红外光谱(FT-IR-ATR)及水接触角对共混体系的表面特性进行了研究。结果表明:在较低添加量范围内(w≤0.04),SMA的高级醇酯化物可以在HDPE薄膜的表面择优富集,可明显降低薄膜的水接触角,提高薄膜的表面能。     

一种合成端羧基聚乙二醇单甲醚的新方法

以聚乙二醇单甲醚和丙烯腈为原料,在水相中合成了一端为羧基的聚乙二醇单甲醚,其结构经1H NMR和IR确证。讨论了反应时间、反应温度、溶剂和惰性气氛对反应的影响。     

聚偏氟乙烯膜亲水化改性的研究进展

聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜以其优良的机械、化学性能在膜法水处理领域中广泛使用。在长期使用中由于PVDF膜的强疏水性导致水通量下降、有机物质的吸附,需要频繁的反冲洗和化学清洗。这就导致膜本身的机械性能受损,膜使用寿命下降及运行成本大大增加,因此对PVDF膜的亲水化改性研究具有重要意义。本文对国内外PVDF膜的亲水化改性方法进行分类,并详细介绍各种改性方法的优缺点及研究现状。最后对PVDF膜亲水化改性需要解决的问题及其应用前景进行了展望。     

PPEGMEA-g-PDEAEMA全亲水接枝共聚物的合成及其 包埋甲氨喋呤体外控释的研究

以聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯(PEGMEA)为起始原料, 将原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术和从主干接枝(grafting-from)策略相结合, 合成了结构规整的聚甲基醚聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯-g-聚(N,N’-二乙基胺乙基甲基丙烯酸酯) (PPEGMEA-g- PDEAEMA)接枝共聚物. 这种接枝共聚物通过静电作用形成胶束包埋甲氨喋呤(MTX), 得到具有98.7%高包封率的药物载体, 体外药物释放得到很好的控制.     

低分子量聚合物电解质的合成与性能

研究了低分子量梳状聚合物电解质的合成方法及结构，性能。首先合成了不同分子量的甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚酯，并进一步合成了分子量一万左右的梳状聚合物电解质，结果表明：反应严格按照反应方程进行，精制产物是非晶的梳状聚合物，本聚合物体系均存在两个玻璃化转变温度，一个在100℃左右，归属为梳状聚合物主链的玻璃化转变，另一个在－20摄氏度以下，归属于侧链玻璃化转变，在室温下侧链可以运动，有利于电活性物质的迁移和扩散，并用超微电极研究了该电解质的行为。     

制备壳聚糖衍生物接枝聚乙二醇侧链的简单方法

壳聚糖及其衍生物由于其可再生性、生物相容性以及结构中的多种活性基团,具有多种优良的性质,已经广泛应用于化妆品、食品、医药、农业、环保等多个行业中.     

聚乙烯的表面光接枝改性研究进展

综述了紫外光引发接枝改性聚乙烯表面的研究进展,包括光接枝聚合机理,改性方法,接枝链的结构和形态,影响因素等。     

含杂环聚芳醚腈酮的亲水改性

为得到适合于耐高温水性涂料用的亲水性树脂,在碱性条件下对含有二氮杂萘酮结构的耐高温聚合物聚芳醚腈酮(PPENK)进行了亲水改性,选定不同反应时间的改性树脂HPPENKa(0.5 h)、HPPENKb(1.5 h)和HPPENKc(3.5 h),测定其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、热失重温度、水接触角和溶解性,研究改性聚合物的性能变化.结果表明,随着反应时间的延长,氰基转化率提高,水解产物Tg增加,热失重温度有所降低,水解前后的溶解性能有很大变化,亲水性能明显增强,例如,当氰基转化率为93.82%时,HPPENK膜的水接触角达到54.4°,比PPENK膜的水接触角(75.3°)减小了20.9°.同时,甄选不同的反应共溶剂、反应温度以及碱浓度,考察其对反应的影响,结果表明,当反应温度为120℃6、mol/L NaOH溶液、以DMAc作为反应的共溶剂时对反应较为有利.制备了基于3种改性树脂的水分散体,其静置稳定性依次为HPPENKc>HPPENKb>HPPENKa,其中HPPENKc水分散体较稳定,30天内未出现沉淀.改性聚合物的结构经FT IR和1H-NMR表征.     

叶酸接枝聚乙二醇化壳聚糖衍生物的合成

本文通过邻苯二甲酸酐保护壳聚糖的2-NH2,在壳聚糖的6-OH上引入聚乙二醇单甲醚。再经脱保护基团、2-NH2挂接叶酸,合成了叶酸接枝的聚乙二醇化壳聚糖。目标物用FT-IR,1HNMR,UV-Vis进行了表征。     

丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯改性玉米淀粉

接枝共聚合;丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯改性玉米淀粉     

亲水膜的表面改性及在膜蒸馏中的应用

膜的微孔性和疏水性是水溶液膜蒸馏的两个基本条件,迄今人们均采用疏水性高分子材料制成疏水微孔膜用于膜蒸馏研究。本文采用辐照接枝聚合和等离子体表面聚合的方法,将亲水的醋酸纤维素微孔膜和硝酸纤维素微孔膜表面疏水化改性,成功地用于膜蒸馏研究,大大扩展了疏水微孔膜的材料来源。实验结果表明,亲水膜表面改性得到的疏水膜,其膜蒸馏性能不低于疏水材料制成的膜,尤其是等离子体聚合法可以实现多种特殊单体在多孔的材料表面聚合,成为制备高性能疏水微孔膜的有效手段,为膜蒸馏的深入发展和实用化创造了有利条件。     

紫外线辐照光强对HDPE化学结构及对HDPE/PC共混体系增容效应的影响

采用FT-IR,XPS,凝胶分析以及熔融指数、接触角和力学性能测定,研究了不 同紫外辐照光强对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）的化学结构、流动性、亲水性和辐照改性 HDPE在HDPE/聚碳酸酯（PC）共混体系中的增容效应的影响。在相同辐照时间下, 随紫外光强提高,引入HDPE分子链的含氧基团数量增加;在辐照过程中,紫外光强 对HDPE的交联有显著影响,在较低光强（32W/m~2）下辐照24h的HDPE无凝胶生成, 便在较高光强（45和78W/m~2）下辐照24h后,HDPE产生凝胶,其含量随紫外光强提 高而增多;与未辐照HDPE相比,较高光强下辐照HDPE的熔融指数有所下降,但其亲 水性得到明显改善;紫外辐照改性HDPE对HDPE/PC体系有增容作用,随紫外光强提 高其增容效应明显增强。与未增容HDPE/PC（80/20）体系相比,加入20%辐照 24hHDPE（光强78W/m~2）的HDPE/PC共混物的拉伸屈服强度从26.3MPa提高到30. 2MPa,缺口冲击强度从51J/m提高到158J/m。     

Hydrophilic polyisophthalamides containing poly(ethylene oxide) side chains: Synthesis,characterization, and physical properties

Novel polyisophthalamides containing pendent poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) sequences were prepared by grafting PEO onto poly(5‐hydroxy‐isophthalamide)s (HO‐PIPAs). First, an optimized method of synthesis was applied to prepare HO‐PIPAs, following the rules of the direct polyamidation reaction promoted by triphenyl phosphite and catalyzed by pyridine. Next, the modification of HO‐PIPAs was performed by a nucleophilic substitution reaction with chlorine‐terminated PEO monomethyl ether of average molecular weight 100, 550, and 1000 g/mol. The modification (grafting) reaction was optimized to assure virtually 100% yield. Polymers behaved as graft or brush‐like copolymers of polyisophthalamide (PIPA) and PEO, covering a wide range of ratios of PIPA/PEO. Physical properties, such as solubility, glass transition temperature, and thermal resistance were determined. Special attention was paid to the affinity of the novel copolymers for water. It was realized that with a high content of PEO, the materials could absorb water in amounts exceeding their own weight. Gravimetric methods and water contact angle measurements were used to quantify the hydrophilicity of the current PIPA‐g‐PEO copolymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Hydrophilic Chitosan Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications

Polymer alternatives sourced from nature have attracted increasing attention for applications in medicine, cosmetics, agriculture, food, water purification, and more. Among them, chitosan is the most versatile due to its full biodegradability, exceptional biocompatibility, multipurpose bioactivity, and low toxicity. Although remarkable progress has been made in its synthetic modification by using C3/C6 secondary/primary hydroxy (−OH) and the C2 amino (−NH₂) active sites, its solubility under physiological conditions remains limited and has hampered larger-scale adoption. This review summarizes different synthetic methods that increase chitosan‘s hydrophilicity and water solubility by using covalent modifications, namely amino acid addition, quaternary ammonium formation, phosphorylation, and carboxymethylation. We also review several applications for each type of substitution in fields such as cosmetics, medicine, agriculture, and water purification, and provide an outlook and perspective for future modifications and implementations.     

Microfluidic Synthesis of Rigid Nanovesicles for Hydrophilic Reagents Delivery

We present a hollow‐structured rigid nanovesicle (RNV) fabricated by a multi‐stage microfluidic chip in one step, to effectively entrap various hydrophilic reagents inside, without complicated synthesis, extensive use of emulsifiers and stabilizers, and laborious purification procedures. The RNV contains a hollow water core, a rigid poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell, and an outermost lipid layer. The formation mechanism of the RNV is investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The entrapment efficiency of hydrophilic reagents such as calcein, rhodamine B and siRNA inside the hollow water core of RNV is ≈90 %. In comparison with the combination of free Dox and siRNA, RNV that co‐encapsulate siRNA and doxorubicin (Dox) reveals a significantly enhanced anti‐tumor effect for a multi‐drug resistant tumor model.     

Synthesis of Hydrophilic Coating Solution for Polymer Substrate Using Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane

Hydrophilic coating solutions were synthesized by adding glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS) to the colloidal silica suspensions adjusted to different pH. The coating solutions were coated on polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) film substrates. The pH of the colloidal silica suspensions adjusted before adding the GPS had a profound effect on chemical structure of the coating solutions and hydrophilic property of the coating films. ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopic studies showed that the solution prepared under an acidic condition (pH 4) consisted of hydrolyzed GPS monomers without siloxane bond and dimer with one siloxane bond, whereas that under a basic condition (pH 9.6) was made up larger oligomers with two or three siloxane bonds. Contact angles for water in the coating films prepared under acidic conditions exhibited smaller than those under basic conditions, indicating more hydrophilic in acidic conditions. In especial, in the case of coating films preparedunder highly acidic conditions (pH 1 and 2), the contact angles were less than 5°, which is superhydrophilic.     

Hydrophilic Modification of Microporous Polysulfone Membrane via Surface‐Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Hydrolysis of Poly(glycidylmethacrylate)

Poly(glycidylmethacrylate) (PGMA) brushes were grafted from chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSF) membrane surface by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP), and the grafting was followed by hydrolysis of epoxy groups in the grafting chains to improve the membrane's hydrophilic property. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements confirmed the successful grafting and hydrolysis of PGMA. The grafting degree of the monomer, measured by periodic acid titration and gravimetric analysis, increased linearly with the polymerization time, while the static water contact angle of the membrane grafted with PGMA or hydrolyzed PGMA linearly decreased. In comparison with the PGMA‐grafted membranes, the hydrolyzed PGMA‐grafted membranes possess stronger hydrophilicity as indicated by their contact angle and hydration capacity, and as a result they have an improved antifouling property. Therefore, the control of the hydrophilicity of PSF membrane could be realized through adjusting the polymerization time and transforming the functional groups in the grafting chain.     

PPEGMEA-g-PMAA全亲水接枝共聚物包埋甲氨喋呤体外控释的研究

以全亲水接枝共聚物PPEGMEA-g-PMAA为载体材料,以甲氨喋呤(MTX)为模型药物,通过物理包埋和化学键合法制备MTX药物缓释体系,探讨了pH值、制备方法等对载药量、包埋率和释药行为等的影响,两种体系均可以通过改变pH值来控制药物的释放和释放速率。     

Modification of Nylon Membrane Used for Affinity Adsorption

Using microporous affinity membrane in separation has advantages of large specific area,low backpressure and fast separation ratel. This led to obtain high purity proteins invery short time and reduce the possibility of denaturation of biomelecules in largelysimplified separation process. Nylon membrane offers narrow pore size distributionand good mechanical rigidity. However, nylon membrane has low concentration ofprimary amino group and nonspecific adsorption of protein'. To solve these prob…