Tomography Reconstruction with Noisy Projection Data

Computerized tomography (CT) based on the convolution back projection method has been regarded as an important reconstruction method, but it is not suitable to noisy conditions. In this paper, techniques of filtering, resampling and frequency shifting have been introduced to enhance the quality of CT reconstruction and improved results have been obtained.     

代数迭代重建算法在折射衬度CT中的应用

X射线折射衬度CT是一种基于相位衬度的断层成像技术,特别适合对由轻元素组成的生物、医学样品进行成像,可以观察到常规吸收衬度CT无法观察到的软组织内部微细结构,是一种具有巨大发展潜力的新成像方法.迭代重建算法和解析重建算法是计算机断层成像技术中并行发展的两种算法,虽然已经提出了几种X射线折射衬度CT的解析重建算法,可是还未见X射线折射衬度CT迭代重建算法的报道.研究了代数迭代重建算法在X射线折射衬度CT中的应用,比较分析了不同的投影数据排列方式对于折射衬度CT重建图像的影响,并对实验数据进行了图像重建,获得了满意的CT图像.研究结果表明,在相位衬度CT中,迭代重建算法相对于解析重建算法而言,能减少投影次数,降低曝光剂量,减少对生物样品的辐射损伤,在生物样品成像和投影数据不完整的情况下具有明显的优势. 关键词： 衍射增强成像 代数迭代算法 CT重建 同步辐射     

基于稀疏优化的计算机断层成像图像不完全角度重建综述

计算机断层成像(computed tomography,CT)技术在医学和工业无损检测中都具有非常广泛的应用,CT重建算法是其中的核心,而不完全角度重建问题则是实际应用中重建算法研究领域的一个热点和难点问题.近年来,随着稀疏优化理论与算法的飞速发展,基于稀疏优化的重建算法已经在不完全角度重建问题中得到了较广泛的应用,且表现出了良好的精度与速度性能.本文首先对稀疏优化的基本理论结论与常用算法进行了介绍;而后对稀疏优化理论在CT图像不完全角度重建中的应用进行归纳,分类介绍了其主要研究成果及稀疏优化所发挥的作用;最后对基于稀疏优化的不完全角度重建研究进行了展望.     

Hard-x-ray region tomographic reconstruction of the refractive-index gradient vector field: imaging principles and comparisons with diffraction-enhanced-imaging-based computed tomography

The unique tomographic imaging method based on refractive effects that was recently developed by Maksimenko et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124105 (2005)] exhibits an excellent imaging property in the hard-x-ray region for phase objects such as soft materials and biological samples. However, there seems to have been little consideration of the physical aspects of the underlying imaging principles. Also, as the method is similar to diffraction-enhanced-imaging (DEI)-based computed tomography (CT), the difference between these two methodologies has not been made clear. We theoretically consider the imaging principles starting from the measurement process to the reconstruction procedures from the viewpoint of geometrical optics and then clarify their difference in relationship to the physical quantities to be depicted. The major feature of this novel method is the in-plane two-dimensional vector-field reconstruction of the refractive-index gradient in an object, while DEI CT obtains the out-of-plane scalar-field gradient component. In other words, the novel method and DEI CT present the transverse and the longitudinal components, respectively, of the three-dimensional vector fields of the gradient refractive index. Therefore they can be considered complementary to each other.     

同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究

基于北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)开展了同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术(CT)研究.利用北京同步辐射的14 keV单色X射线作为光源,以高分辨能力的X射线胶片作为探测器,分别开展吸收衬度和同轴相位衬度成像的比较研究以及相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究.相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建采用Bronnikov提出的算法.结果显示,与传统的吸收衬度图像相比,相位衬度图像具有更好的衬度和更高的空间分辨力;实验获得人工样品和蝗虫的相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术重建图像.重建图像中可见样品的一些结构细节.实验结果表明,相位衬度X射线成像更适合于研究弱吸收或吸收差异很小的材料;利用北京同步辐射开展同轴X射线相位衬度计算机X射线断层摄影术研究是可行的.     

Optimization-based image reconstruction in x-ray computed tomography by sparsity exploitation of local continuity and nonlocal spatial self-similarity

The additional sparse prior of images has been the subject of much research in problems of sparse-view computed tomography(CT) reconstruction. A method employing the image gradient sparsity is often used to reduce the sampling rate and is shown to remove the unwanted artifacts while preserve sharp edges, but may cause blocky or patchy artifacts.To eliminate this drawback, we propose a novel sparsity exploitation-based model for CT image reconstruction. In the presented model, the sparse representation and sparsity exploitation of both gradient and nonlocal gradient are investigated.The new model is shown to offer the potential for better results by introducing a similarity prior information of the image structure. Then, an effective alternating direction minimization algorithm is developed to optimize the objective function with a robust convergence result. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations have been carried out both on the simulation and real data in terms of accuracy and resolution properties. The results indicate that the proposed method can be applied for achieving better image-quality potential with the theoretically expected detailed feature preservation.     

非精确交替方向总变分最小化重建算法

CT (computed tomography)系统实际应用当中, 经常会出现扫描数据不满足数据完备性条件的情况. 针对不完全角度重建问题的研究, 是目前迭代型算法研究中的一个热点. 一系列基于带有约束的总变分最小化的重建算法近年来在不完全角度重建中取得了较好的效果, 这其中基于交替方向法 (alternating direction method, ADM) 的重建算法表现出更好的性能. 然而, ADM方法在求解过程中对矩阵求逆的处理效率不高, 导致极大的计算开销. 本文针对该问题, 使用非精确ADM方法, 利用线性近似的方式替换掉计算开销较大的项, 使得矩阵求逆问题可以通过快速傅里叶变换加速实现. 实验结果表明, 本文提出的非精确交替方向总变分最小化重建算法与精确ADM重建算法相比, 没有明显的精度损失, 计算时间缩减30%左右. 关键词： 不完全角度重建 总变分最小化 非精确交替方向法     

中子半影成像的计算机断层重建技术

实际用于中子半影成像重建的方法都是线性方法,而计算机断层重建是一种能够用于中子半影成像重建的新方法.介绍了中子半影成像的断层重建原理,将半影成像的诊断图像沿径向等角度提取、微分后就可以使用断层重建方法重建.给出了使用卷积反投影方法重建不同噪声诊断图像的结果,并分析了断层重建的优缺点.重建结果表明,断层重建方法能够重建出...     

探测器偏置重建算法在工业CT检测中的应用

工业CT检测对象的大小是不固定的,最大限度地利用已有探测器的成像面积非常重要。采用探测器偏置来获得更大的扫描视野,并推导相应的重建算法。该算法首先使用Parker类型函数对采集到的投影数据中的冗余部分进行加权,然后采用扇束滤波反投影重建算法重建得到断层图像。在实验中使用实际工业CT系统分别采集钢制线对块与铝合金变速器外壳的投影数据进行重建算法的验证,重建结果证明了使用的探测器偏置重建算法的正确性与有效性,且空间分辨率和标准扫描的重建结果保持一致,这个方法可以在工业CT成像上有效使用。     

A complex image reconstruction algorithm for real-time measurement of transient field

Optical CT is now expanding into reconstruction from few views or limited-view range projection considering the economy and practicality. To solve the conflict of velocity and precision, which are two main aims that image reconstruction algorithm pursued, an innovative complex image reconstruction algorithm for real-time measurement of transient field is proposed. This method reconstructs computerized tomography (CT) image firstly by frequency spectrum approach reconstruction technique (FSART) and then by modified simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (MSART) and can give a fast and precise reconstruction to complicated transient field.     

Novel Fourier-based iterative reconstruction for sparse fan projection using alternating direction total variation minimization

Sparse-view x-ray computed tomography(CT) imaging is an interesting topic in CT field and can efficiently decrease radiation dose. Compared with spatial reconstruction, a Fourier-based algorithm has advantages in reconstruction speed and memory usage. A novel Fourier-based iterative reconstruction technique that utilizes non-uniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT) is presented in this work along with advanced total variation(TV) regularization for a fan sparse-view CT. The proposition of a selective matrix contributes to improve reconstruction quality. The new method employs the NUFFT and its adjoin to iterate back and forth between the Fourier and image space. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through a series of digital simulations and experimental phantom studies. Results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of existing TV-regularized techniques based on compressed sensing method, as well as basic algebraic reconstruction technique. Compared with the existing TV-regularized techniques, the proposed Fourier-based technique significantly improves convergence rate and reduces memory allocation, respectively.     

光学CT图象重建的数值模拟研究─Kosenbrock坐标轮换法

时间分辨光学 ＣＴ技术因其对生物组织体的无损性，在生物成象领域引起了广泛的兴趣和研究，已提出许多方案，意在克服由于生物组织体中的多光散射效应所造成的成象障碍．本文简述了基于扩散方程近似的光学ＣＴ正向问题有限元解法，提出采用直接搜索优化算法一Ｒｏｓｅｎｂｒｏｃｋ坐标轮换法求解时间分辨光学 ＣＴ中的图象重建问题，给出了基于积分光强和光子平均飞行时间及其加权组合的二维图象重建问题的数值模拟结果，证实了该方法的可行性．     

基于压缩传感和代数重建法的CT图像重建

代数重建法(ART)是一种重要的CT图像重建方法,适合于不完全投影数据的图像重建,其缺点是重建速度慢。为提高图像重建的质量和速度,利用压缩传感理论提出了一种基于ART的高质量图像重建算法。该算法将CT图像的梯度稀疏性结合到ART图像重建中,在每次迭代中的投影操作结束后用梯度下降法调整全变差,减小图像梯度的l1范数。实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

CT图像“条状”伪影校正方法研究

在CT重建中,当断层射线衰减系数的变化呈非连续性的跳跃变化,如一种材质密度远远大于另一种材质的密度时,CT图像中高密度物质周围就会产生条状伪影。利用重投影技术分别获取高密度物质和低密度物质的正弦图,低密度物质正弦图中的数据缺失区用线性插值技术进行平滑过渡。利用两幅正弦图分别进行CT重建,然后将两幅CT图像进行相加,得到校正后的图像。实验结果表明,该方法能有效抑制条状伪影,同时提高了图像对比度。     

光学CT图象重建的数值模拟研究─Kosenbrock坐标轮换法

时间分辨光学CT技术因其对生物组织体的无损性,在生物成象领域引起了广泛的兴趣和研究,已提出许多方案,意在克服由于生物组织体中的多光散射效应所造成的成象障碍.本文简述了基于扩散方程近似的光学CT正向问题有限元解法,提出采用直接搜索优化算法-Rosenbrock坐标轮换法求解时间分辨光学CT中的图象重建问题,给出了基于积分光强和光子平均飞行时间及其加权组合的二维图象重建问题的数值模拟结果,证实了该方法的可行性.     

空间衍射声波波前与压力场的计算机层析三维重建

应用脉冲载波电子散斑干涉（ｐｕｌｓｅｄｃａｒｒｉｅｄ－ＥＳＰＩ）与计算机层析技术（ＣＴ），实现了由高压电极放电激励所产生的瞬态传输声场在经过不同孔径模板衍射后波前与压力场的三维重建，给出了数值结果，并对噪声条件下的计算机层析重建进行了讨论。     

Cone-beam local reconstruction based on a Radon inversion transformation

The local reconstruction from truncated projection data is one area of interest in image reconstruction for computed tomography(CT),which creates the possibility for dose reduction.In this paper,a filtered-backprojection(FBP) algorithm based on the Radon inversion transform is presented to deal with the three-dimensional(3D) local reconstruction in the circular geometry.The algorithm achieves the data filtering in two steps.The first step is the derivative of projections,which acts locally on the data and can thus be carried out accurately even in the presence of data truncation.The second step is the nonlocal Hilbert filtering.The numerical simulations and the real data reconstructions have been conducted to validate the new reconstruction algorithm.Compared with the approximate truncation resistant algorithm for computed tomography(ATRACT),not only it has a comparable ability to restrain truncation artifacts,but also its reconstruction efficiency is improved.It is about twice as fast as that of the ATRACT.Therefore,this work provides a simple and efficient approach for the approximate reconstruction from truncated projections in the circular cone-beam CT.     

用正交光路全息干涉CT技术重建电弧等离子体三维温度场

本文利用正交光路全息干涉技术和计算机有限角层析算法,借助电弧等离子体物理方程,对非对称电弧等离子体三维温度场的诊断进行了研究.     

遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱的大气层析技术

遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱层析技术是一项新的气体分析技术，它可用于构造气体浓度峰图形，定量分析工业污染气体总释放量等方面，随着算法的不断优化，在重构气体在空间的分布方面，遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱层析技术正在不断成长。     

基于对数解调的递变能量CT成像方法

复杂结构件由于有效厚度差异大和成像系统动态范围受限, 单一能量下的投影数据信息不完整, 常用CT重建算法及不完全数据重建算法无法在数据缺失严重的情况, 有效实现复杂结构件的CT重建. 为此论文提出基于对数解调的递变能量CT成像方法. 该方法在分析直接高动态CT成像所存在问题的基础上, 提出利用对数变换压缩递变能量投影序列动态范围, 并利用现有的基于图像灰度一致性的融合方法, 计算融合加权系数, 再经常规重建算法实现复杂构件的CT成像. 论文并以某复杂仪表为对象, 进行实验, 相比传统的固定能量成像方式, CT信息完整, 质量高. 从而说明论文所提出的方法, 能够实现CT系统动态范围的扩展, 实现复杂结构件的高动态CT成像.