微束X射线荧光光谱分析技术在一种黑色纸张物证检验中的应用研究

对7种真假纸币样本和2003年～2008年的32宗诈骗案件中共计225件被染黑的真假纸币物证,采用微束X射线荧光光谱仪(micro-XRF)分析其二维元素分布.结果表明:纸币元素分布特征都具有特定性,相同面额相同年版的纸币元素分布特征相同,相同面额不同年版的纸币元素分布特征有差异;真假纸币元素分布特征存在显著差异;被染黑的纸币元素分布特征与原纸币相同;因而可根据被染黑真假纸币的元素分布特征,鉴定其真伪并判断纸币种类.微束XRF分析在实际案件中黑色纸张物证的检验准确率为100%.因此,微束XRF技术能有效检验被染料染黑的真假纸币,具有灵敏度高,分析过程中不破坏样品,结果准确的特点,在该类物证的检验中具有较高的应用价值.     

药毒物分析中磁性固相萃取技术的应用进展

磁性固相萃取是一种新型的样品前处理技术,具有萃取时间短、吸附能力强、有机溶剂使用量少、操作简单快捷等优点,已经广泛应用于样品的分离提纯.在简要介绍磁性固相萃取技术发展、材料制备的基础上,着重对国内外磁性固相萃取技术在药毒物分析方面的发展现状以及应用进展进行了综述,以期为法庭科学领域相关物证鉴定提供参考,为严厉打击相关违法犯罪活动提供科学理论与实践依据.     

典型塑料载体与助燃剂燃烧残留物的闪蒸气相色谱-质谱分析

通过对火场常见塑料载体与助燃剂混合燃烧残留物的分析,发展一种适用此类燃烧残留物的火灾物证鉴定方法,对火场中是否存在助燃剂进行判断,避免漏检情况的发生。应用热分析技术确定合适的闪蒸温度,在此温度下对塑料载体与助燃剂混合燃烧残留物进行闪蒸分析,并从实验条件选择、可行性分析、定性分析三方面对闪蒸技术进行评价。结果表明,闪蒸气相色谱-质谱（Flash GC-MS）技术可以检测到热塑性聚合物塑料载体与助燃剂混合燃烧残留物中残留的助燃剂特征组分,可对火场中是否存在过助燃剂进行辨别。闪蒸气相色谱-质谱技术丰富了现代火灾物证鉴定技术,能进一步辅助火灾物证鉴定工作,使鉴定结论更准确、可靠。     

红外光谱结合X射线荧光光谱检验塑料 打包带(绳)的研究

建立简便快捷的检验塑料打包带(绳)的光谱分析方法。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线荧光光谱仪,对33个不同来源的塑料打包带(绳)样品进行检验分析。结合红外光谱成分填料分析与XRF元素比例分析,达到对塑料打包带(绳)样品准确区分的目的。该方法简便快速,准确可靠且无损检材,可应用于鉴定塑料打包带(绳)物证。     

中国XRF历史发展的相关资料征集启事

X射线荧光光谱(XRF)技术是当今最重要的无机分析技术之一,拥有无污染的独特优势,使得它在未来的"环境友好"分析实验室建设中具有广阔的发展前景。XRF仪器自1948年问世以来,已有66年的发展历史,在我国的应用研究也已经历了50多年。为记载我国XRF的历史发展,国内多家XRF实验室提议共同编写一本记载我国XRF发展历程及成果的专著。为此,向各科研单位XRF实验室、国内外仪器设备厂家及相关从业人员征集材料,欢迎各实验室、厂家及个人积极参与,以使中国的XRF事件在书中得到更全面的反映。     

中国XRF历史发展的相关资料征集启事

X射线荧光光谱(XRF)技术是当今最重要的无机分析技术之一,拥有无污染的独特优势,使得它在未来的"环境友好"分析实验室建设中具有广阔的发展前景。XRF仪器自1948年问世以来,已有66年的发展历史,在我国的应用研究也已经历了50多年。为记载我国XRF的历史发展,国内多家XRF实验室提议共同编写一本记载我国XRF发展历程及成果的专著。为此,向各科研单位XRF实     

中国XRF历史发展的相关资料征集启事

X射线荧光光谱(XRF)技术是当今最重要的无机分析技术之一,拥有无污染的独特优势,使得它在未来的"环境友好"分析实验室建设中具有广阔的发展前景。XRF仪器自1948年问世以来,已有66年的发展历史,在我国的应用研究也已经历了50多年。为记载我国XRF的历史发展,国内多家XRF实验室提议共同编写一本记载我国XRF发展历程及成果的专著。     

纸张物证的分析检验方法

纸张是犯罪现场经常出现的物证。对纸张物证的分析检验在案件侦破中有着重要作用,因此,法庭科学工作者一直对纸张物证的检验方法进行深入研究。随着法庭科学实验室的发展,纸张的检验技术得到了长足的进步,由传统的单一仪器分析方法发展到现在多种分析技术的联合应用,从而建立了快速、有效、灵敏的检验方法,为涉及纸张物证的案件侦破做出了显著的贡献。本文对纸张物证的分析检验方法进行了介绍和讨论。     

化学计量学应用在助燃剂检验鉴定中的研究进展北大核心CSCD

化学计量学已广泛应用于法庭科学领域的数据处理和分析,尤其是物证的物理和化学检验。为了解其在助燃剂检验鉴定领域应用的研究进展,将近年来比较有代表性的国内外相关研究进行了综述,分别总结了化学计量学在助燃剂检验鉴定中定性、分类及物证证据效力评价方面的应用,包括助燃剂检验鉴定中干扰的排除、助燃剂种类的区分以及似然比的计算等,并对其应用前景进行了展望(引用文献49篇)。     

质谱新技术在物证分析中的应用

物证分析对于案件侦破及法庭诉讼均具有重要作用.新兴质谱技术因其直接、快速、灵敏和无损等特点在物证分析中得到广泛应用.本文综述了国内外几种新兴质谱技术在检测爆炸物、违禁药物、潜指纹及真伪文件笔迹等物证中的应用研究实例,并展望了质谱新技术在物证分析方面的发展前景.     

萤石成分分析方法的标准现状与研究进展

萤石是一种重要的战略性非金属矿产资源,本文对中国国家标准、行业标准、国际标准（ISO）、美国标准（ASTM）以及俄罗斯标准（GOST）中的萤石成分分析标准方法的现状进行了介绍。对近年来X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）、电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）、激光诱导击穿光谱法（LIBS）等技术在萤石成分分析中的应用以及标准物质/标准样品研制情况进行了总结和评述。文章认为,萤石分析测试技术标准体系相对完备,XRF、ICP-AES、ICP-MS等仪器分析测试技术已普遍应用于萤石样品实验室分析,建议尽快研究并建立萤石中稀土等微量元素测定的标准方法,并开展相应标准物质/标准样品的研制,同时应大力开展原位在线分析技术的研究与开发,以适应工业在线自动化监测的需求,LIBS与在线XRF技术联合在萤石在线分析方面具有良好的应用潜力。     

XRF在稀土分析中的应用与进展

X射线荧光光谱分析技术（XRF）是元素分析的有效工具,其快速、无损、多元素同时测定的特性能满足稀土元素的分析需求,在地质、冶金等多个领域中发挥着十分重要的作用。21世纪以来,稀土产业以及二次资源再利用的发展使得XRF分析方法的同步研发得到重视。本文对近年X射线荧光光谱技术的发展,样品制备方法的完善,稀土分析方法的优化及其在组分、微区与形态的分析中的应用现状进行概述,旨在为XRF技术在稀土分析方面的发展及推广提供参考思路。     

ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy in the region of 550–230 cm−1 for identification of inorganic pigments

A comprehensive study of ATR-FT-IR spectra of 40 inorganic pigments of different colours widely used in historical paintings has been carried out in the low wave number spectral range (550–230 cm^?1). The infrared spectra were recorded from mixtures of pigment and linseed oil. It is demonstrated that this spectral range – essentially devoid of absorption peaks of the common binder materials – can be well used for identification of inorganic pigments in paint samples thereby markedly extending the possibilities of pigment identification/confirmation by ATR-IR spectroscopy into the realm of pigments having no absorptions in the mid-IR region. In some cases the method can be used alone for pigment identification and in many cases it provides useful additional evidence for pigment identification using other instrumental techniques (electron microprobe analysis, XRF, optical microscopy). Together with earlier work this study provides a comprehensive overview of the pigment identification possibilities using ATR-FT-IR as well as a collection of reference spectra and is expected to be a useful reference for conservation practitioners.     

在线分析技术在中国的发展

在线分析技术由于其具有实时、准确、高效的特点,近年来得到快速发展,已被广泛应用于环境、矿业、冶金、生物医药和食品等领域。重点介绍了国内X射线荧光光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱、瞬发γ中子活化、双能量γ射线透射、原子荧光光谱、近红外光谱和质谱法等在线分析技术近十年来的发展和应用情况,并对在线分析技术未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

Characterization of Wall Paintings of the Harem Court in the Alhambra Monumental Ensemble: Advantages and Limitations of In Situ Analysis

Non-invasive techniques (X-ray fluorescence, XRF, and Raman spectroscopy) were used for the study of the Hispano Muslim wall paintings. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the semi-quantitative XRF results directly provided by the in-built factory calibrations with minimum user manipulation. The results obtained were satisfactory and highlighted differences and similarities among the measurement points. In this way, it was possible to differentiate the decorations carried out on gypsum plasterwork and the wall paintings over lime plaster. The color palette, revealed by combining the results from XRF and Raman spectroscopies, comprised the pigments hematite, lapis lazuli, cinnabar (in poor conservation state), and possibly, carbon. Evidence of past interventions was also provided by PCA on XRF data, which detected the presence of Pb, Ba, and Zn in some areas. Furthermore, the preparation layers have been studied in detail on cross-sections of two microsamples. Several layers of lime plaster with a compact microstructure have been observed. The characteristic of the pictorial layer and the identification of calcium oxalate point to the use of a secco-technique. The main alteration identified was a gypsum surface layer covering the painting and signs of plaster deterioration due to gypsum migration to more internal areas. Finally, the comparison with the observations made by restorers in previous interventions on these paintings revealed the importance of the representativeness gained with the in situ study, which enabled the analysis of a high number of areas.     

Molecular Fluorescence Imaging Spectroscopy for Mapping Low Concentrations of Red Lake Pigments: Van Gogh's Painting The Olive Orchard

Vincent van Gogh used fugitive red lake pigments that have faded in some paintings. Mapping their distribution is key to understanding how his paintings have changed with time. While red lake pigments can be identified from microsamples, in situ identification and mapping remain challenging. This paper explores the ability of molecular fluorescence imaging spectroscopy to identify and, more importantly, map residual non-degraded red lakes. The high sensitivity of this method enabled identification of the emission spectra of eosin (tetrabromine fluorescein) lake mixed with lead or zinc white at lower concentrations than elemental X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy used on account of bromine. The molecular fluorescence mapping of residual eosin and two carmine red lakes in van Gogh's The Olive Orchard is demonstrated and compared with XRF imaging spectroscopy. The red lakes are consistent with the composition of paint tubes known to have been used by van Gogh.     

Identification of glass and ceramics by X-ray fluorescence analysis with a pyroelectric X-ray generator.

Applications of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis with a pyroelectric X-ray generator are presented. Glass and ceramics were analyzed with this novel X-ray generator to examine its capability for analyzing nonmetallic inorganic material. Although the power of X-ray output was a few orders of magnitude lower than conventional X-ray tubes, many elements such as Si, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Sr, Ba, and Pb were detected in glass and ceramic samples. Light elements such as Na, Mg, and Al were not detected because of the low fluorescence yield and the absorption of fluorescent X-rays in air. The elements detected or the relative peak intensities of the elements were different from each other, and the samples analyzed were identified by the XRF spectrum, notwithstanding the low power of the X-ray output. This novel device showed the sufficient capability for preliminary screening before strict identification of analytes. The pyroelectric X-ray generator can also be used to analyze large samples that cannot be put into ordinary XRF spectrometers because the device has no dimensional limitation of analytes.     

Use of portable X-ray fluorescence instrument for bulk alloy analysis on low corroded indoor bronzes

One of the most often used non-destructive methods for elemental analysis when performing field measurements on bronze sculptures is X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis based on portable instrumentation. However, when performing routine in-situ XRF analysis on corroded objects obtained results are sometimes considerably influenced by the corrosion surface products.In this work the suitability of portable XRF for bulk analysis of low corroded bronzes, which were initially precisely characterized using sophisticated and reliable laboratory methods, was investigated and some improvements in measuring technique and data processing were given. Artificially corroded bronze samples were analyzed by a portable XRF instrument using the same methodology and procedures as when performing in-situ analysis on real objects. The samples were first investigated using sophisticated complementary laboratory techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy, Proton-Induced X-ray Emission Spectroscopy and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, in order to gain precise information on the formation of the corrosion product layers and in-depth elemental profile of corrosion layers for different aging parameters. It has been shown that for corrosion layers of up to ca. 25 μm a portable XRF can yield very accurate quantification results.     

Molecular Fluorescence Imaging Spectroscopy for Mapping Low Concentrations of Red Lake Pigments: Van Gogh's Painting The Olive Orchard

Vincent van Gogh used fugitive red lake pigments that have faded in some paintings. Mapping their distribution is key to understanding how his paintings have changed with time. While red lake pigments can be identified from microsamples, in situ identification and mapping remain challenging. This paper explores the ability of molecular fluorescence imaging spectroscopy to identify and, more importantly, map residual non‐degraded red lakes. The high sensitivity of this method enabled identification of the emission spectra of eosin (tetrabromine fluorescein) lake mixed with lead or zinc white at lower concentrations than elemental X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy used on account of bromine. The molecular fluorescence mapping of residual eosin and two carmine red lakes in van Gogh's The Olive Orchard is demonstrated and compared with XRF imaging spectroscopy. The red lakes are consistent with the composition of paint tubes known to have been used by van Gogh.