高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用分析汞化合物形态的研究

建立了高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用测定汞化合物形态的分析方法。实验对淋洗液组分浓度、氧化剂和还原剂浓度、载气流速及紫外消解管长度等操作条件进行了优化,获得了令人满意的分析结果。在优化的分离检测条件下,20μg/L的汞化合物标准溶液平行7次进样分析,甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的色谱峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.0%、2.9%和2.4%;3种汞化合物的线性范围为10~1000μg/L,25μL进样检出限分别为3、2和4μg/L。用建立的方法测定了脉红螺样品中甲基汞的含量,甲基汞和乙基汞的加标回收率分别为90%和92%。     

吹扫捕集-原子荧光光谱与同位素稀释质谱法结合测定海水中痕量汞

建立了吹扫捕集-原子荧光光谱,结合同位素稀释质谱法测定海水中痕量汞的高准确度的分析方法,以HNO3消解样品,通过吹扫捕集、金柱吸附的方式实现痕量汞与高盐基体的分离并进一步富集,与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用,采用同位素稀释质谱法进行准确测定.对影响样品准确测定结果的消解用HNO3体积、消解时间、SnCl2用量、基体影响、本...     

冷蒸气发生-原子荧光法测定海水中超痕量汞

采用具有高稳定度汞灯漂移校准系统的原子荧光光度计作为检测器，在对原子荧光光度计的仪器和检测条件进行优化后，建立了以硫酸-过硫酸钾消解海水样品，冷蒸气发生-原子荧光法测定海水中超痕量汞的方法。在载气、辅助气、屏蔽气流量分别为200、100、500 mL/min，还原剂硼氢化钾浓度为0.05%（质量分数），载流为含有0.05%重铬酸钾（质量分数）的2%硫酸溶液（体积分数）的最佳分析条件下，汞的线性范围为0～0.25μg/L，相关系数为0.999 7，检出限为0.000 7μg/L。对汞质量浓度为（1.00±0.06）μg/L的海水标准物质进行6次平行测定，汞的相对标准偏差为2.95%，相对误差为-0.10%。对两种低汞含量海水样品进行6次平行测定，汞的质量浓度测定值分别为0.012、0.016μg/L，相对标准偏差分别为6.80%、4.70%，加标海水样品汞的回收率为86.67%～100%。该方法检测海水中的超痕量汞具有较高的准确性和稳定性。     

高效液相色谱与原子荧光光谱联用分析海产品中的甲基汞

建立了高效液相色谱-紫外消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱联用测定海产品中甲基汞的方法, 比较了不同溶剂对海产品中甲基汞提取效率的影响. 实验采用质量分数25% (m/V) KOH甲醇溶液, 室温振荡10 h消解样品, CH2Cl2萃取, 再以0.01 mol/L Na2S2O3水溶液反萃取, 并采用HPLC-UV-HG-AFS测定鱼和扇贝萃取液中的甲基汞的含量. 在优化分离和前处理条件下, 平行进样5次10 ng/mL的汞混合标准溶液, 甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的色谱峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSDs)分别为4.4%、 3.9%和4.3%, 甲基汞、无机汞和乙基汞的检出限分别为0.069、 0.15和0.046 ng/mL;鱼和扇贝的甲基汞的加标回收率为96±5%和95±5%.     

稻米中汞元素的样品前处理和检测关键因素研究

为了减少因为样品前处理关键条件控制不当引起的汞元素损失,提高稻米样品中痕量汞检测的准确性,本文系统研究了消解温度、赶酸温度和时间、载流和还原剂浓度、负高压、标准溶液和样品液酸度的匹配程度对汞检测结果的影响,建立了微波消解-原子荧光光谱法精准测定稻米中的汞含量,同时进行方法学评价.结果 显示,消解温度为180℃,温度11...     

汞的形态分析研究 Ⅱ.固相萃取预富集-液相色谱分离测定不同形态的有机汞

本文报道了固相萃取预富集处理样品继以液相色谱分离测定不同形态痕量有机汞的方法.二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)作络合剂及甲醇作洗脱液的预富集系统能在线富集甲基汞(MeHg)、乙基汞(EtHg)和苯基汞(PhHg).用于测定加标海水中MeHg、EtHg和PhHg,回收率分别为96.9％、102.4％和98.0％;相对标准偏差分别为3.5％、5.0％和5.0％;检测下限分别为 1.0μg/L、1.2 μg/L和 1.2 μg/L.     

碱法消解-化学衍生-吹扫捕集气相色谱-原子荧光光度法测定土壤中烷基汞

利用吹扫捕集气相色谱-原子荧光光度法测定土壤中烷基汞含量。分别用酸法消解和碱法消解处理土壤样品，对比了两种样品处理方法的效果，结果表明碱法消解优于酸法消解，该法具有步骤少，耗时短，使用的试剂种类少、毒性小，土壤中烷基汞回收率高等优点。甲基汞、乙基汞的质量在0.5～1 000 pg范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好，相关系数分别为0.999 9和0.999 8，当称样质量为0.5 g时，甲基汞的检出限为0.35μg/kg，乙基汞的检出限为0.53μg/kg。土壤样品加标回收率为70.0%～114.0%，测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.5%～12.0%(n=5)。     

WM-10型水汞测量装置-原子荧光光谱仪联用测定海水中痕量总汞

采用WM-10型水汞测量装置与原子荧光光谱仪联用测定海水中的痕量总汞,海水中总汞的检测限为3.4 ng/L、线性范围为0.005～0.100 μg/L (n=5,r=0.9995);无汞海水基底加0.0100 μg/L汞标的水样,测定平均值为0.0105 μg/L,相对标准偏差为11.8% (n=12);无汞海水基底加标平均回收率为102.8%.采用该法与EPA 1631方法分别测定了12个实际海水样,两种方法结果的相对百分偏差为0.3%～17.6%.方法可应用于海水中痕量总汞的测定.     

全自动蒸馏前处理-ID/GC-ICP-MS测定海水中痕量甲基汞

建立了基于自动蒸馏前处理,气相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱联用(GC-ICP-MS),同位素稀释法(ID)测定海水中痕量甲基汞的分析方法。结果表明,自动蒸馏仪在45 min内即可完成海水样品的蒸馏,采用Br Cl溶液能有效消除蒸馏管路中甲基汞的残留,降低实验空白;同位素稀释剂的添加量对甲基汞的测定结果无明显影响,样品中总汞质量浓度低于1. 0μg·L~(-1)时,因操作产生的甲基汞量可忽略不计。海水中甲基汞的加标回收率为98. 2%~122%,天然海水及加标海水中甲基汞的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为16%和5. 4%,方法检出限为0. 009 ng·L~(-1)。以大连湾表层海水为实际样品,测得水样中甲基汞的质量浓度的平均值为(0. 103±0. 036) ng·L~(-1),方法可满足近岸海水中痕量甲基汞的分析要求。     

汞的形态分析研究：（Ⅰ）萃取—液相色谱分离测定不同形态汞

本文报道了有机汞及无机汞与二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐形成络合物，经氯仿萃取后用反相高效液相色谱法进行分离测定的方法，对实验的最佳条件进行了探讨，用于测定加标西湖水样和海水中不同形态的汞含量，回收率为９３．２％－１１４％，相对标准偏差为甲基汞３．７％，乙基汞３．６％，苯基汞３．２％和无机汞３．０％，检测下限为０．２５、０．２１、０．１９和０．７２ｎｇ。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.