Possible spin singlet quadrumerization in Pb2Re2O(7-δ)

A single crystal of pyrochlore Pb(2)Re(2)O(6.75) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and its magnetic and transport properties were investigated. Pb(2)Re(2)O(6.75) shows the metallic conduction with an anomalous second-order structural phase transition at T(s)=294 K, in which the magnetization and the structure change similarly to that at 200 K of the superconductor Cd(2)Re(2)O(7). A three-dimensional Ising-like order parameter probed by the atomic displacement suggests that an unconventional spin singlet state is possibly realized in the ground state of Pb(2)Re(2)O(6.75), in which four spins make a quadrumer in order to remove the spin frustration of the pyrochlore lattice.     

负热膨胀化合物钨酸锆（ZrW2O8）

世界上的大多数物质都具有热胀冷缩的特性，但也存在着另一类物质，对它们加热时会发生热收缩现象．这类物质称为负热膨胀物质(negative thermal expansion，简称为NTE)．美国加州大学Santa Cruz分校的Z．Schlesinger教授所领导的研究组对此开展了工作，他们认为复合的振动模式导致了这类NTE物质的存在．     

Weak exchange interactions in the heteronuclear crystal CuPr2(CCl3COO)8·6H2O

The new heteronuclear crystal CuPr₂(CCl₃COO)₈·6H₂O, constructed of chains containing copper and praseodymium atoms, has been synthesized and investigated by EPR at 9.3 GHz at temperatures ranging from room temperature down to 10 K. At temperatures T∼300–130 K, EPR spectra are observed which are characteristic of isolated polyhedra of copper ions with g _z=2.330±0.005, g _x,y =2.053±0.005, A _z=139×10⁻⁴ cm⁻¹, and A _x,y <26×10⁻⁴ cm⁻¹. At temperatures T<130 K a complex spectrum is observed, associated with the appearance of weak exchange interactions between the copper ions in the chain (J _Cu-CuΣS _i·S _i+1), comparable in magnitude with the hyperfine interactions J _Cu-Cu=0.015 cm⁻¹ at T=10 K. The magnitude of the exchange interaction decreases smoothly as the temperature is raised. It is conjectured that orbitals of the praseodymium ions participate in the process of indirect exchange between the copper ions. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 2154–2157 (December 1999)     

Temperature dependence of the electric quadrupole splitting in Fe(ClO4)2·6H2O

The value of the quadrupole splitting in Fe(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O ferrous salt studied by Mössbauer effect was found to drop from 3.0 mm/sec to 1.5 mm/sec in a temperature interval of ± 15°C around -36°C while both pairs of lines could be observed within the 30° transition temperature interval.     

Influence of dehydration on the electron spin resonance in the Cu3[W(CN)8]2(Pyrimidine)2 · 8H2O molecular magnet

The influence of dehydration on the electron spin resonance spectra in the Cu₃[W(CN)₈]₂(pyrimidine)₂ · 8H₂O molecular magnet has been found. It has been established that two ferromagnetic phases with the Curie temperatures of ～12–17 and ～50 K, which correspond to two different lines of the ferromagnetic resonance, are present in crystals. Dehydration leads to increasing the Curie temperature of the low-temperature phase from 12 to 17 K and to varying the temperature dependences of the spectrum parameters of the high-temperature phase (the resonant field and the width line).     

Nuclear structure effects in (π+, 2p) reactions

Pions of 80 MeV from the CERN Synchro-cyclotron have been used to investigate (π⁺, 2p) reactions on 16 target nuclei. Excitations spectra of the residual nuclei are presented for targets of ¹²C, ¹⁴N and ¹⁶O and compared with predictions of Kopaleishvili et al. It appears that at low residual excitation energies (⩽20 MeV) nuclear structure effects play an important role (π⁺, 2p) reactions.     

Anomalous temperature dependence of Fe3+ quadrupole interaction in (ND4)2FeCl5·H2O

The quadrupole splitting of the title compound was measured in the 12–295 K temperature range. A strong increase of is observed on cooling. This effect can be explained in terms of thermally activated reorientation of the ND ₄ ⁺ ion, which makes a sizeable contribution to the EFG at the Fe site. Analysis of our data yields an activation energy for the ion's hindered rotation,E/k _B=470±30 K. A comparison with previous results for the non-deuterated salt is made.     

Study of the187W states excited in the (n, γ) reaction

A singles-ray spectrum and a spectrum of summed amplitudes of coinciding pulses (SACP) were measured in the¹⁸⁶W(n, )¹⁸⁷W reaction experiment on the thermal neutron beam. It was for the first time that the data on¹⁸⁷W-transitions were obtained in the excitation energy region from 1500–2500 keV. The neutron binding energy was determined to beB _n=5467.25 (4) keV (statistical error only). In result the level scheme of¹⁸⁷W was developed in the excitation energy interval 1E _f < 3.4=" mev,=" which=" contained=" 105=" levels=" with=" about=" 70=" of=" them=" being=" identified=" for=" the=" first=" time.=" the=" experimental=" values=" for=" summed=" intensities=" of=" two-step=" cascades=" were=" established=" to=" exceed=" those=" predicted=" by=" the=" modern=" statistical=" theory=" (by=" 36±6%).=" this=" is=" explained=" by=" a=" considerable=" contribution=" of=" few-quasiparticle=" components=" to=" wave=" functions=" of=" compound=" and=" intermediate=">     

Additivity and non-additivity of dissociation energies in intermolecular interactions. Theoretical studies on (H2)n,n = 2-8, (CO2)n,n = 2-6 and (HF)n,n = 2-8

CCSD(T) and MP2 results using the aug-cc-pV5Z basis set are reported for chain, cyclic and other structures of the clusters (H₂)_n, n?=?2-8, (CO₂)_n, n?=?2-6 and (HF)_n, n?=?2-8. In chain-like structures of (H₂)_n and (CO₂)_n, with the bonding type of the dimer maintained, the dissociation energy D_e of the dimer doubles for the trimer, triples for the tetramer, and so on. Due to these systems being dominated by short-range forces, interactions are essentially restricted to neighbouring monomers. For other types of (H₂)_n and (CO₂)_n structures, the multipliers relative to the dimerisation energy can be much higher. Dissociation energies for the hexamers in S₆ symmetry of both H₂ (379?cm^?1) and CO₂ (4925?cm^?1) are over ten times the respective dimerisation energies. For the chain-like trimer of HF, however, D_e is in excess of double the dimer value. Mainly due to longer-range dipolar forces, the interactions reach beyond the neighbouring monomers. The interaction energy between HF monomers in chains follows an approximate R^?2 (R being the F–F distance) relationship, The calculated dissociation energies of the HF octamer are 15,985?cm^?1 (factor of 10.4) for the chain, and 21,003?cm^?1 (factor of 13.7) for the C_6h cyclic structure.     

Hyperfine interactions and dynamics characteristics of 119Sn in xSnO2-(1-x)α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle system

The hyperfine interactions and dynamics aspects in nanoparticles system of the xSnO₂-(1-x)α-Fe₂O₃ (x = 0.0–1.0) have been investigated by ¹¹⁹Sn-Mössbauer and XRD techniques. The change revealed by the XRD (XRDSs) and Mössbauer spectra (MSs) vs. x was discussed in terms of the phase and lattice-dynamics changes. The evidences of the triple hyperfine magnetic fields’ distributions (MHFDs) and their dependencies x (<0.175) are discussed taking into account the super-transferred hyperfine interactions (STHI), the local disorder Sn^4?+?/Fe^3?+? around the tin isotope probe and the reduced dimension effect.     

Magnitude of O(α2) corrections and search for new effects in the electroweak interactions

A quick method of calculating certain combinations of the O(α²) corrections in the electroweak theory is presented. The results agree with earlier explicit calculations of the O(α²) corrections to the vector boson masses and in other cases provide an estimate of the lower limits for such corrections. Some non-standard effects like heavy fermion or supersymmetric contributions are also discussed. Detailed calculations show that even in the case of the strong supersymmetric contribution, the new one-loop corrections are comparable to the two-loop ones in the standard model.     

In situ study of self-ion irradiation damage in W and W–5Re at 500 °C

In situ self-ion irradiations (150?keV?W⁺) have been carried out on W and W–5Re at 500?°C, with doses ranging from 10¹⁶ to 10¹⁸ W⁺m^?2 (～1.0?dpa). Early damage formation (10¹⁶W⁺m^?2) was observed in both materials. Black–white contrast experiments and image simulations using the TEMACI software suggested that vacancy loops were formed within individual cascades, and thus, the loop nucleation mechanism is likely to be ‘cascade collapse’. Dynamic observations showed the nucleation and growth of interstitial loops at higher doses, and that elastic loop interactions may involve changes in loop Burgers vector. Elastic interactions may also promote loop reactions such as absorption or coalescence or loop string formation. Loops in both W and W–5Re remained stable after annealing at 500?°C. One-dimensional hopping of loops (b?=?1/2 ?111>) was only seen in W. At the final dose (10¹⁸W⁺m^?2), a slightly denser damage microstructure was seen in W–5Re. Both materials had about 3–4?×?10¹⁵ loops m^?2. Detailed post-irradiation analyses were carried out for loops of size???4?nm. Both b?=?1/2 ?111? (～75%) and b?= ?100> (～25%) loops were present. Inside–outside contrast experiments were performed under safe orientations to determine the nature of loops. The interstitial-to-vacancy loop ratio turned out close to unity for 1/2 ?111? loops in W, and for both 1/2 ?111? and ?100? loops in W–5Re. However, interstitial loops were dominant for ?100? loops in W. Re seemed to restrict loop mobility, leading to a smaller average loop size and a higher number density in the W-Re alloy.     

Momentum-resolved ultrafast electron dynamics in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+δ)

The nonequilibrium state of the high-T(c) superconductor Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+δ) and its ultrafast dynamics have been investigated by femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy well below the critical temperature. We probe optically excited quasiparticles at different electron momenta along the Fermi surface and detect metastable quasiparticles near the antinode, since their decay toward the nodal region through e-e scattering is blocked by phase space restrictions. The observed lack of momentum dependence in the decay rates is in agreement with relaxation dynamics dominated by Cooper pair recombination in a boson bottleneck limit.     

Momentum spectra of secondary particles in (π−, N) interactions at 7 GeV

The experimental momentum spectra of secondary π-mesons and protons from the (π⁻, N)-interactions at 7 GeV in the laboratory system are compared with the formula given by Aly, Kaplon and Shen [6]. The fit of the linear-exponential distribution, of Maxwell-Boltzmann's distribution and for Planck's law was determined for the experimental histograms of the transverse momenta for the same events. The obtained results are discussed at the end of this paper.     

Hyperfine interactions at 181Hf(→181Ta) impurities implanted in Er2O3 and Gd2O3: structural and electronic dependence of the EFG in bixbyite sesquioxides

The time-differential-perturbed γ-γ angular-correlation technique (TDPAC) with ion-implanted ¹⁸¹Hf tracers has been applied to study the hyperfine interactions of ¹⁸¹Ta impurities in the cubic bixbyite structure of Er ₂ O ₃ and Gd ₂ O ₃ . The TDPAC experiments were performed in air in the temperature range 300-1073 K (in the case of Er ₂ O ₃ ) and 300-1173 K (in the case of Gd ₂ O ₃ ). Three electrical-quadrupole interactions were found in each oxide in the whole studied temperature range. Two of them were attributed to the electric-field gradients (EFG) acting on ¹⁸¹Ta probes substitutionally located on the two nonequivalent free-of-defects cation sites of the bixbyite structure. The EFG results are compared with predictions of the point-charge model and discussed together with previous results obtained with the probes ¹¹¹Cd and ¹⁸¹Ta in other isomorphous sesquioxides. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine parameters for both oxides is also discussed in terms of dilatometric expansion data. Received 29 December 2000 and Received in final form 8 March 2001     

The Rh(100)-(3 × 1)-2O structure

The O adsorption on Rh(100) has been studied using high resolution core level spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunnelling microscopy. In addition to the well known (2 × 2), (2 × 2)-pg and c(8 × 2) structures at coverages of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.75 ML respectively, an intermediate (3 × 1) structure with a coverage of 2/3 ML is identified.     

Ambient pressure superconductivity at 4–5 K in β-(BEDT-TTF)2AuI2

Crystals of β-(BEDT-TTF)₂AuI₂, derived from the sulfur-based organic donor bis(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene [BEDT-TTF or “ET”] have been synthesized by electrocrystallization and studied by rf penetration depth measurements at ambient pressure and at temperatures down to 0.45 K. The crystals were found to be superconducting at ambient pressure with T_c = 3.93–4.98 K, which represent the highest values of T_c thus far observed at ambient pressure for an organic superconductor. Measurements of the upper critical field anisotropy are reported.