Pick-off quenching probability of ortho-positronium per collision with atoms and molecules

Positronium quenching through its collisions with gaseous atoms and molecules is discussed. It is found that the values of the normalized pick-off quenching parameter, ¹Z_eff, at room temperature are roughly proportional to the geometric collisional cross-sections estimated from the radius of the positronium and those of the atoms and molecules derived from the viscosity. This suggests that the probabilities of the pick-off quenching of the thermalized positronium per collision with various atoms and molecules are almost constant.     

Derivation of the probability distribution of velocities of a detector-recorded brownian particle

The probability distribution of velocities in the given space region (detector) is found for particles of a passive admixture in a stream of external gas. Since direct calculation of the above probability density involves significant difficulties, the solution is based on the classical problem of the probability distribution of coordinates and velocity of a Brownian particle at a fixed time. Analyzing dependence of the solution on the parameters of the initial problem, we obtain conditions under which the assumptions on the character of particle motion hold true. State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 10, pp. 1301–1313, October 1998.     

惯性系中直线运动的常加速度内禀刚性非惯性系

推导相对惯性系作直线运动的常加速度内禀刚性加速系的坐标变换关系式，并讨论该加速系的主要性质。     

Evolution of cluster size distribution during nucleation with rapidly changing dynamic gas processes

A non-steady-state solution of the Zel’dovich equation for the cluster size distribution function has been obtained. The solution is applicable in the entire range of cluster sizes. The relaxation time of the quasi-steady-state distribution and the partial time lags of cluster formation were derived and analyzed. The dependence of these times on cluster size was investigated. Expressions for the quasi-steady-state flux and the induction times have been derived. The accuracy of these calculations is confirmed by comparison with numerical calculations by other authors.     

The probability distribution associated with the dichotomic Markov process

We have calculated the probability distribution function for the dichotomic Markov process using the work of Pomraning [Linear kinetic theory and particle transport in stochastic mixtures. Singapore: World Scientific; 1991] and have studied the rate of convergence to this exact form as the number of terms in a series approximation is increased. Each term in the series involves an additional stochastic moment in the hierarchy of moments. It is observed that convergence is fast near the source but, as the distance from the source increases, more and more moments are required to obtain a specified accuracy.     

The emission of massive neutrinos by rapidly moving charges

In a mixed model, the process of the generation of a pair of massive neutrinos v_iv_j by means of the electromagnetic field F of a classical charge moving with a constant acceleration w in its own frame of reference is examined. In the low-energy approximation a general formula is obtained for the probability of emission with analysis of the important special case m_i,j << . Possible astrophysical applications are discussed.Moscow State Open Pedagogical Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 89–92, September, 1994.     

Crack front waves and the dynamics of a rapidly moving crack

Crack front waves are nonlinear localized waves that propagate along the leading edge of a crack. They are generated by both the interaction of a crack with a localized material inhomogeneity and the intrinsic formation of microbranches. Front waves are shown to transport energy, generate surface structure, and lead to localized velocity fluctuations. Their existence locally imparts inertia, which is not incorporated in current theories of fracture, to initially "massless" cracks. This, coupled to microbranch formation, yields both inhomogeneity and scaling behavior within the fracture surface structure.     

The exact probability distribution of a two-dimensional random walk

A calculation is made of the exact probability distribution of the two-dimensional displacement of a particle at timet that starts at the origin, moves in straight-line paths at constant speed, and changes its direction after exponentially distributed time intervals, where the lengths of the straight-line paths and the turn angles are independent, the angles being uniformly distributed. This random walk is the simplest model for the locomotion of microorganisms on surfaces. Its weak convergence to a Wiener process is also shown.     

Aggregation of non-bonding molecules in a rapidly growing gel

The aggregation of non-bonding molecules in a rapidly growing gel is studied under three different conditions by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations. The aggregation takes place even under the unfavorable condition when the non-bonding molecules constitute only a small fraction of the total. The results also show that the morphology of the growing domains is different depending on the concentration of the non-bonding molecules. Received 30 November 1999     

刚体定点转动的张量描述

通过引入转动张量来描述刚体的定点转动,避免了在用角位移描述刚体定点转动时所遇到的问题,即角位移在它是有限大小和无限小时属性发生了变化.验证了对于刚体定点无限小转动,可以分别采用角位移矢量和转动张量描述,两者是等价的.     

The role of the wake in the sound scattering by a moving body

The propagation of sound is considered in the vicinity of an axially symmetric body moving in a viscous fluid so that a laminar wake is formed behind it. The sound scattering amplitude is determined as the function of the characteristic parameters of the fluid for an arbitrary ratio between the characteristic size of the body and the sound wavelength. The important role of the wake at high Reynolds numbers is demonstrated, and the specific features of the angular dependence of the scattering amplitude are analyzed.     

The rovibrational kinetic energy for complexes of rigid molecules

The rovibrational kinetic energy for an arbitrary number of rigid molecules is computed. The result has the same general form as the kinetic energy in the molecular rovibrational Hamiltonian, although certain quantities are augmented to account for the rotational energy of the monomers. No specific choices of internal coordinates or body frame are made in order to accommodate the large variety of such conventions. However, special attention is paid to how key quantities transform when these conventions are changed. An example system is analysed explicitly as an illustration of the formalism.     

Energy transfer in rigid solutions with nonuniform distribution of components based on quantum dots and organic molecules

Energy transfer in hybrid structures based on colloidal quantum dots of CdSe/ZnS and molecules of tetra(p-trimethylamino)phenylporphin formed in polyethylene terephthalate track membranes is considered. A physical model for the formation of these hybrid structures is proposed, and the distribution of structure components in the near-surface layer of track membrane pores is estimated.     

The random-field Ising model with asymmetric bimodal probability distribution

The Ising model, in the presence of a random field, is investigated within the mean-field approximation based on Landau expansion. The random field is drawn from the bimodal probability distribution P(h)=pδ(h−h₀)+(1−p)δ(h+h₀), where the probability p assumes any value within the interval [0,1], asymmetric distribution. The prevailing transitions are of second-order but, for some values of p and h₀, first-order phase transitions take place for smaller temperatures and higher h₀, thus confirming the existence of a tricritical point. Also, the possible reentrant phenomena in the phase diagram (T−h₀ plane) occur for appropriate values of p and h₀. Using the variational principle, we determine the equilibrium equation for magnetization and solve it for both transitions and at the tricritical point in order to determine the magnetization profile with respect to h₀.     

Mimicking the probability distribution of a two-dimensional Grover walk with a single-qubit coin

The nonlocalized case of the spatial density probability of the two-dimensional Grover walk can be obtained using only a two-dimensional coin space and a quantum walk in alternate directions. This significantly reduces the resources necessary for its feasible experimental realization. We present a formal proof of this correspondence and analyze the behavior of the coin-position entanglement as well as the x-y spatial entanglement in our scheme with respect to the Grover one. Our scheme allows us to entangle the two orthogonal directions of the walk more efficiently.