分子转动和激光脉冲对多光子激发控制的影响(英文)

用解析代数方法研究了分子转动和激光脉冲对双原子分子多光子激发控制的影响并推导得到不同转动通道下的分子振动激发几率的解析表达式.为了考察转动能级和考虑分子转动后与激光场夹角的变化对分子多光子振动激发和振动激发控制的影响,我们计算并比较了分子纯振动和加入分子转动两种情况,并分别给出了分子与极化激光场在不同取向角下三光子选择激发的图像.研究发现分子的转动能级对多光子非共振激发有修正作用,但是分子转动会降低多光子激发的选择性,而选择合适的激光脉冲形状有利于目标多光子激发控制的实现.文中还进一步讨论了激光脉冲初相位对分子多光子激发控制的影响,发现脉冲初相位对多光子激发过程有明显的调制作用.     

温度对激光场中N2、O2分子取向的影响

由刚性转子(rigid rotors)模型出发, 利用伪谱方法求解了含时薛定谔方程, 从理论上研究了双原子N2分子和O2分子在激光场中的取向(alignment)行为, 讨论了分子与飞秒(fs)激光脉冲作用后, 在无外场情况下出现的周期性取向现象. 计算结果表明, 随着温度的升高, 分子的最大取向程度不断地减小； 在低温时, 随温度减小较快, 当温度升高时, 最大取向程度随温度的变化比较缓慢. 并通过计算角动量分布探讨了产生这种变化的原因.     

N2+2离子在线偏振和圆偏振强激光场中的解离

基于N+离子的飞行时间质谱, 研究了N2+2离子在线偏振和圆偏振强飞秒激光场中(45 fs, 5×1015-1×1016 W·cm-2, 800 nm)的解离. 通过对N+离子质谱和平动能的分析发现, N2+2离子在线偏振光和圆偏振光作用下具有不同的解离方式. 在线偏振光下, N2分子在平衡核间距RE处发生次序双电离生成N2+2离子, N2+2离子解离所释放的能量能够用单光子跃迁模型来解释. 而在圆偏振光下, N2分子首先电离生成N+2离子, N+2离子在核间距增大到临界核间距RC(>RE)时, 进一步被电离从而发生解离, 此时解离所释放的能量可以用库仑推斥模型来解释.     

溴甲烷在强激光场中的电离和解离

利用自制的反射式飞行时间质谱仪(RTOF-MS)研究了多原子分子CH₃Br在强激光场中的电离解离. 得到了溴甲烷在强激光场中电离解离的飞行时间质谱, 基于RTOF-MS的高分辨率(M/ΔM>2000), 测量了分子库仑爆炸产生的系列碎片离子的动能释放(KER), 用多光子解离和库仑爆炸解释了实验结果. 与碘甲烷在强场中的实验结果对比发现: (1) 在相同的激光场强下, 碘甲烷电离解离的最高价碎片离子为I⁶⁺而溴甲烷为Br³⁺; (2) 溴甲烷质谱中存在母体离子的脱氢产物CH_mBr⁺ 和CH_mBr²⁺, 而对于碘甲烷, 没有检测到这些通道, C-I键首先断开; (3) 质谱中存在H⁷⁹Br⁺和H⁸¹Br⁺, 而碘甲烷的电离解离中不存在HI产物; (4) 溴甲烷库仑两体爆炸的有效电荷间距随着两碎片电荷乘积的增大而增大, 而对于碘甲烷此间距几乎不随电荷乘积变化; (5) CH_m⁺(m=0, 1, 2)的主要生成通道可能与碘甲烷不同, 不是来自CH₃⁺的顺序脱氢, 而是来自脱氢母体离子的直接解离.     

臭氧分子在激光场中的多光子激发

采用二次量子化方法和酉变换讨论了O3分子在激光场中的多光子激发.推导出了O3分子的振动Hamiltonian 算子、从基态到各激发态的跃迁几率公式,以及O3分子从激光场中吸收的光子数公式,并分析了计算结果.这包括对O3分子伸缩振动能谱的计算及与实验结果的比较,跃迁几率随外场频率的变化、随时间的变化,以及O3分子在辐射场中的能量吸收情况(取光场强度为5×10-2 W/cm2).建立讨论所有具有C2v对称分子从基态到第四激发态以下各态多光子激发问题的模型.     

多原子分子在强飞秒激光场中的解离

强场化学是一个新的研究领域,分子在强激光场中解离则是该领域中的一个重要课题.本文阐述分子在强飞秒激光场(1013～1014 W·cm-2)中的解离规律以及我们所提出的场致解离(FAD)理论.在模型中我们考虑的是分子离子的解离,而且只考虑那些键轴平行于激光场方向的离子.此模型要求先计算出分子离子的缀饰势能面(Dressed PES),再计算键长随时间变化的准经典轨线(QCT).以甲烷、丙酮为例进行了实验和理论研究,理论计算的结果能很好地阐明观察到的实验结果.     

N_2O~+经由B~2П_i←X~2П跃迁的光解离机理研究

在超声分子束条件下,利用360.50 nm的电离激光使N2O分子经由[3+1]共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)产生纯净的N2O+(X2Π(000))分子离子,用另一束解离激光在230-275 nm范围扫描获得N2O+经由B2Πi←X2Π跃迁产生的光解碎片(NO+和N2+)激发(PHOFEX)谱.获得的光解碎片激发谱可以归属为B2Πi(00n)←X2Π(000)序列跃迁.我们分别将线性三原子分子离子N2O+中N―N伸缩振动简化成NO和N之间的简谐振动,N―O伸缩振动简化成N2和O之间的简谐振动,用谐振子的简谐势能曲线和波函数对N2O+分子离子X2Π和B2Πi电子态振动能级间跃迁的Franck-Condon因子进行计算,和实验得到的碎片离子增强谱实验强度进行比较,对前人给出的分子数据(分子平衡核间距)进行验证,讨论了N2O+经由B2Πi(00n)←X2Π(000)电子态跃迁的光解离机理和碎片离子的分支比.     

用双激光脉冲操纵N2分子取向

利用求解含时薛定谔方程的方法, 研究了双原子N2分子在激光强度为1.5×10¹⁴ W·cm^-2, 脉冲宽度为50 fs激光脉冲作用下的取向行为. 研究结果表明, 保持总激光强度不变, 将一束激光脉冲分成具有同样脉宽, 强度比为0.3636的两束激光脉冲, 当第一束脉冲产生的分子取向即将达到最大时, 加上有一定延迟时间的第二束脉冲能够使N2分子达到最大的取向程度.     

乙酸甲酯在强激光场下的电离

强场下分子的电离与解离研究是一个新的研究领域 .分子内的分子实与价电子之间的库仑场强度为 108 V· cm－ 1量级 .通常激光的电场强度远小于这个量级 ,因此可以采用微扰理论来解释分子在激光场中的电离与解离 .如果激光场的功率密度达到 1013 W· cm－ 2以上 ,其电场强度就能到 8.7× 107 V· cm－ 1以上 ,达到甚至超过分子内的电场强度 .此时微扰理论已经不太适用 ,分子的电离机理及研究方法将有所不同 [1－ 5].　　关于强场电离与解离的理论没有统一的解释 [2,3].在强场下通常用 Keldysh因子γ来判断原子的电离方式 [6]：其中ω 0为激…     

氨分子在激光场中的多光子激发

用二次量子化方法和酉变换讨论了NH_3分子在激光场中的多光子激发.这包括对NH_3分子伸缩振动能谱的计算,跃迁几率随外场频率的变化及随时问的变化.并讨论了能量吸收情况(取光场强度1.1×10~8 w/cm~2).     

Classical Dynamics of H<Stack><Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>+</Superscript></Stack> in an Intense Laser Field by Using the Symplectic Method

The classical dynamics of 1D H₂⁺ in an intense field are discussed. The initial conditions are chosen at random in the field-free case, and then the Hamiltonian canonical equations of H₂⁺ system in the intense laser field are solved numerically by mean of the symplectic method under these initial conditions. The probabilities of survival, dissociation, ionization, and Coulomb explosion of H₂⁺ system in the intense laser field are obtained for different laser intensity based on the classical theory.     

多组态含时自旋非限制HartreeFock理论

基于自旋非限制HartreeFock理论,发展了自旋非限制多组态含时HartreeFock理论方法来研究激光场中的多电子相关动力学．自旋向上和自旋向下的自旋轨道分别在他们各自的子空间内传播;并通过约化密度矩阵和平均场算符相互作用．分别利用了自旋限制和非限制的多组态含时HartreeFock方法虚时和实时传播计算氦原子基态能量和电离几率．自旋非限制的计算结果与其他报道相吻合．     

Probing vibrational wave packets in molecular excited states

A time-dependent theoretical method is used to describe a UV pump?CUV probe strategy to trace, at a femtosecond time scale, the motion of vibrational wave packets created in excited states of the hydrogen molecule by measuring single ionization probabilities. We use a spectral method to solve the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation in full dimensionality, including correlation and all electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. A pump pulse initially creates a vibrational wave packet in the intermediate electronic excited states of $\hbox{H}_2$ . The frequency of the probe is chosen to ionize the target leaving the ion in a bound vibrational state. By varying the time delay between pulses, non-dissociative single ionization is enhanced or suppressed. Energy differential ionization probabilities are reported and compared with a model based on the Franck?CCondon approximation.     

Need for fundamental data in atomic fluorescence spectrometry

This paper discusses the needs for fundamental data in atomic fluorescence spectrometry and addresses the diagnostic and theoretical aspects, on the one hand, and the analytical aspects, on the other. Transition probabilities, collision cross sections for excitation and deexcitation, lifetimes, quantum efficiencies, and ionization and recombination cross sections are shown to be the essential fundamental data needed for diagnostic and theoretical studies. It is argued that, analytically, detailed knowledge is indispensable about the excitation and emission spectra as observed with a tunable dye laser as excitation source and a versatile atomizer, such as an ICP, as fluorescence cell.     

Nd,Yb, Au and UL-subshell ionization probabilities for 92 MeV Ar impact

The Nd, Yb, Au and UL-subshell X-ray emission probabilities as function of the impact parameter have been measured by X-ray—particle coincidence for 92 MeV Ar impact. The derivedL-subshell ionization probabilities show severe deviations from first order perturbation theory (SCA + corrections), although the totalL-shell ionization probabilities are still fairly well described by this approach. As is obvious from the data analysis, the discrepancy is due toL-substate coupling during the collision, which has a strong influence on the subshell ionization process, but is neglected in this theoretical approach. The observed influence of the multiple outer shell ionization on the measured data is also discussed.     

Classical dynamics of 3D Hydrogen molecular ion in intense laser fields

The classical trajectory method is used to study the dynamics of 3D Hydrogen molecular ion interacting with intense laser fields. In the 3D classical model, a three-body Hamiltonian with one-dimensional nuclear motion restricted to the direction of the laser field is considered. The motion of electron and nucleus is described by the classical Hamiltonian canonical equations. The probabilities of ionization, dissociation and Coulomb explosion as functions of time are calculated and the average distances from electron to the mass-center for various laser parameters are implemented by symplectic method. The dynamics of in two-color laser fields are also investigated. We compare our results with the corresponding quantum-mechanical calculations and find they produce similar qualitative features in many cases.     

Importance of the interference effect in atomic excitation and ionization accompanying inner-shell vacancy creation

A theoretical model for electron excitation and ionization of atoms following inner-shell ionization is presented. Both the sudden creation of an inner-shell vacancy and the Coulomb interaction between the ionized electron and atomic electrons are taken into account. The transition amplitude is written as the sum of the conventional shake process and the multipole transition due to the Coulomb interaction between electrons. The valence-shell excitation and ionization probabilities accompanying K-shell photoionization of Ne are calculated. It is found that the interference between the shake process and the Coulomb interaction enhances the probabilities at low energies.