重频激光对多壁碳纳米管悬浮液光限幅特性的影响研究

在激光以不同重复频率入射下,研究了直径分布为10～20 nm的多壁碳纳米管悬浮液对波长为1064 nm激光的光限幅效应,定性分析了不同重复频率激光对多壁碳纳米管悬浮液的光限幅影响。结果表明:碳纳米管悬浮液对波长为532 nm和1064 nm的激光都具有很强的光限幅响应;在多脉冲激光入射时,碳纳米管悬浮液的光限幅效应比单脉冲激光入射时更显著。     

Effect of barium titanate nanoparticles of different particle sizes on electro-optic and dielectric properties of ferroelectric liquid crystal

A comparative study of two different particle sizes of ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO₃) nanoparticles as a dopant on the molecular structure, spontaneous polarization and dielectric behavior of a pure ferroelectric liquid crystal 6F₆T have been studied. It has been found that there is a remarkable decrease in isotropic temperature of both doped samples as compared to the pure 6F₆T sample. The spontaneous polarization also decreases for both the doped samples and the reduction is more pronounced in case of the dopant with large particle size. The dielectric spectroscopy confirms the presence of soft mode as well as Goldstone mode and also shows the decrease in the value of dielectric permittivity ?' as a function of frequency for both doped samples. The improvised properties of liquid crystal host doped with BaTiO₃ nanoparticles mainly depend upon the synthesis method of nanoparticles and also upon the particle size of dopant.     

磁场辅助热处理金属化碳纳米管场发射性能

利用化学镀方法对多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWNTs)表面金属化镀镍(MWNTs/Ni),采用丝网印刷制备MWNTs/Ni场发射阴极,并在磁场辅助下热处理所得阴极,研究磁场辅助热处理对MWNTs/Ni阴极的场发射性能的影响,经300mT磁场辅助热处理的MWNTs/Ni的场发射阴极开启场强约为0.80V·μm~(-1),场增强因子β约为16068,对单根MWNTs/Ni在磁场中的受力情况进行建模分析,实验结果表明:磁场辅助热处理有助于提高MWNTs/Ni在阴极表面的直立分布,提高了MWNTs/Ni的场发射性能。     

Magnetic field dependence of the hexagonal to isotropic transition temperature of a single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed lyotropic liquid crystal

We have carried out electrical conductivity studies on a single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed lyotropic liquid crystal consisting of 50 wt.% TX-100 in water as a function of magnetic field and temperature. This system exhibits hexagonal and isotropic phases on heating. For all the applied magnetic fields, the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of the carbon nanotubes dispersed lyotropic liquid crystal system exhibits a discontinuous change at the hexagonal to isotropic transition temperature. We find that the magnetic field dependence of the hexagonal to isotropic transition temperature is similar to that of the viscosity of the system. Using photo images of the sample, we find that the carbon nanotubes in the lyotropic liquid crystal form magnetic field dependent aggregates. We find spherical, rod and hook-like nanotube aggregates for low and high applied magnetic fields respectively. These nanotube aggregates alter the viscosity of our system which in turn alters the transition temperatures.     

Electro-optical features of antiferroelectric liquid crystal material (S)-(+)-4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) phenyl 4′-(6-octanoyloxyhex-1-oxy) biphenyl-4-carboxylate in its ferro and antiferroelectric phases

A detailed investigation of the electro-optical switching parameters of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (S)-(+)-4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) phenyl 4′-(6-octanoyloxyhex-1-oxy) biphenyl-4-carboxylate (abbreviated as S-7H6Bi) has been carried out. S-7H6Bi has paraelectric (SmA^?) and ferroelectric (SmC^?) phases in addition to antiferroelectric (SmC^?_A) phase. Switching parameters viz. spontaneous polarization and switching time were determined by polarization reversal method. The spontaneous polarization (P_s) is found to be highly temperature dependent and decreases with temperature. The maximum value of P_s is found to be ∼90 nC/cm² whereas the switching time (t_s) is found to be of the order 1-2 ms. The temperature dependent torsional viscosity (γ_t) is of the order 10 Pa sec. It increases with decrease in temperature.     

Electrical, dielectric and surface wetting properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/nylon-6 nanocomposites

This paper reports that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)/nylon-6 (PA6) nanocomposites with different MWCNT loadingshave been prepared by a simple melt-compounding method. Theelectrical, dielectric, and surface wetting properties of theCNT/PA6 composites have been studied. The temperature dependence ofthe conductivity of the CNT/PA6 composite with 10.0 wt{\%} CNTloading ($\sigma _{\rm RT} \sim 10^{-4}$ S/cm) are measured, andafterwards a charge-energy-limited tunnelling model (ln $\sigma (T)\sim T^{-1/2})$ is found. With increasing CNT weight percentage from0.0 to 10.0 wt%, the dielectric constant of the CNT/PA6composites enhances and the dielectric loss tangent increases twoorders of magnitude. In addition, water contact angles of theCNT/PA6 composites increase and the composites with CNT loadinglarger than 2.0 wt%even become hydrophobic. The obtainedresults indicate that the electrical and surface properties of thecomposites have been significantly enhanced by the embedded carbonnanotubes.     

Dielectric and electrooptical properties of hockey-stick-shaped liquid crystal with a negative dielectric anisotropy

We investigated dielectric properties of a hockey-stick-shaped liquid crystal (HLC). Two dielectric relaxation modes were observed at 0.91 kHz and 4.51 MHz. The low frequency relaxation modes in isotropic, smectic, and nematic phases are related to the motion of ions, collective tilt fluctuation, and rotation around the long molecular axis, respectively. Meanwhile, the high frequency relaxation modes in nematic and smectic phases was due to the rotation around the short axis of the molecules and hindered by the resistance of the ITO layers. We also examined the electrooptical response of the 5.0 wt% HLC-doped commercial nematic liquid crystal (LC) mixtures. The birefringence of the LC mixture was slightly increased, while the falling time and the rotational viscosity was decreased in the nematic phase.     

Design of electro-optic switching via a photonic crystal cavity coupled to a quantum-dot molecule and waveguides

We demonstrate the possibility to realize an electro-optic switching operation in a weak-excitation limit, where one can control the path of an optical field propagating in a waveguide by suitably varying the applied bias voltage to tune the electron tunnel coupling.     

Vitamin C functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and its reinforcement on poly(ester-imide) nanocomposites containing L-isoleucine amino acid moiety

The aim of this research was to prepare poly(ester–imide) (PEI)-based nanocomposites (NCs) through the functionalization of carboxylated-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)s with ascorbic acid, in order to ensure better filler dispersion and good interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix. Chiral and biodegradable PEI was synthesized from amino acid-based diacid with 4,4′-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol) by a direct polycondensation method. Using the solution mixing technique, the NCs containing modified MWCNTs with different loading levels of 5,10, 15 wt% were produced and examined in terms of chemical structure, morphology, and thermal stability by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). TEM and FE-SEM photographs of the obtained NCs indicated well-dispersed morphologies and strong interaction between the functionalized MWCNTs and the polymer matrix. TGA results revealed that the addition of MWCNT resulted in a significant increase of the thermal stability and char yields of the NCs compared to those of the neat PEI.     

Theoretical investigations of rotational phenomena and dielectric properties in a nematic liquid crystal

The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, based on a realistic atom-atom interaction potential, was performed on 4-n-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) in the nematic phase. The rotational viscosity coefficients (RVCs) γ _i, (i = 1, 2) and the ratio of the RVCs λ = - γ ₂/γ ₁ were investigated. Furthermore, static and frequency-dependent dielectric constants and ε were calculated using parameters obtained from the MD simulation. Time correlation functions were computed and used to determine the rotational diffusion coefficient, D _⊥. The RVCs and λ were evaluated using the existing statistical-mechanical approach (SMA), based on a rotational diffusion model. The SMA rests on a model in which it is assumed that the reorientation of an individual molecule is a stochastic Brownian motion in a certain potential of mean torque. According to the SMA, γ _i are dependent on the orientational order and rotational diffusion coefficients. The former was characterized using: i) orientational distribution function (ODF), and ii) a set of order parameters, both derived from analyses of the MD trajectory. A reasonable agreement between the calculated and experimental values of γ _i and λ was obtained. Received 22 March 2000 and Received in final form 8 October 2000     

读出光光源对液晶光阀实验的影响

液晶光阀实验中一般是用带布氏窗的He-Ne激光器作为读出光光源,本文分析了普通He-Ne激光、半导体激光、卤素灯等常见光源在液晶光阀实验中应用的可能性和各自特点并进行了实验验证.     

碳纳米片-碳纳米管复合材料的一步合成及其场 发射性质研究

利用等离子体化学气相沉积技术, 在引入Ti过渡层后的Co膜表面一步制备出碳纳米片-碳纳米管复合材料, 研究了Co膜厚度对复合材料形貌及场发射性质的影响. 当Co薄膜厚度为11 nm时, 得到了垂直基片定向生长的碳纳米管和碳纳米片复合物, 此时, 碳纳米片分布在碳纳米管的管壁上和管的顶端, 样品的场发射性能最佳.     

Effect of polymer relaxation on dielectric spectroscopic study of polymer–ferroelectric liquid crystal composites

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and ferroelectric liquid crystal (P–FLC) composite films (~ 4 μm) with varying proportions of ferroelectric liquid crystal have been prepared and the dielectric response of the composite films as a function of wide frequency (100 Hz–10 MHz) and temperature (127–40 °C) have been analyzed. The dielectric spectra of such composite systems are considerably modified compared to those of the corresponding pure LC or PMMA materials. The observed paraelectric to ferroelectric transition temperature of the composites is found to be lower (~ 85 °C) compared to that of the pure LC system (~ 98 °C), which makes these composites technologically more significant. The P–FLC composites also exhibit higher relaxation frequency and smaller dielectric strength for the Goldstone mode compared to those of the corresponding pure FLC. Depending on the percentage of the constitute materials, the molecular dynamics of the composite materials changes. Dielectric contributions of both liquid crystal and PMMA matrix forming the composites have been analyzed on the basis of Havriliak and Negami function.     

Electro-optic and dielectric studies of silica nanoparticle doped ferroelectric liquid crystal in SmC* phase

We present the results based on the electro-optic and dielectric properties of silica nanoparticle (SNP) doped ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) in SmC* phase. Switching time, spontaneous polarization and rotational viscosity decreases with increase in the silica concentration. An improvement in switching time after doping the silica nanoparticle is due to enhancement in anchoring energy exist between silica nanoparticle and ferroelectric liquid crystal. We noticed that the dielectric permittivity and dielectric strength decreases with increasing the concentration of silica nanoparticle in SmC* phase. Relaxation frequency increases with increasing the silica concentration and temperature in SmC* and decreases as we approaches towards transition temperature.     

Texture evolution of cholesteric liquid crystal driven by a thermal process

Cholesteric liquid crystal displays (Ch-LCDs) have potential as screens in portable readers. In the present study, it is demonstrated that a Ch-LCD can be driven by a thermal process at a temperature of 90 °C. At a suitable temperature, the texture of the cholesteric liquid crystal will be transfrred from planar to focal conic. The experimental results show that the reflectance of a Ch-LCD is influenced by texture after the thermal process. After thermal treatment at 90 °C, the periodicity was reduced from 63 nm to 55 nm. A chain tilting angle of ∼29° was estimated.     

拓扑缺陷对Armchair型小管径多壁碳纳米管输运性质的影响

采用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数方法研究了纯净的及带有不同数目的Stone-Wale拓扑缺陷下的扶手椅型单壁, 双壁和三壁小管径碳纳米管的能带结构和电子输运性质, 通过计算并分析不同偏压下的微分电导和非弹性电子隧穿谱(IETS), 计算结果表明单壁, 双壁和三壁碳纳米管的特征偏压区间分别为[-1.0V, 1.0V], [-0.5V, 0.5V] 和[-0.25V, 0.25V], 特征偏压区间内SW拓扑缺陷所产生的电导波动平缓, 而特征偏压区间外因缺陷的数目变化所带来的电导波动显著, 通过IETS谱线的分析得到单壁, 双壁和三壁碳纳米管的特征峰偏压分别为 1.25V, 0.625V和 0.125V. 碳纳米管的特征偏压区间和IETS特征峰偏压可为较小管径碳纳米管单壁, 双壁和多壁类型的区分提供一种新的途径, 同时也为小管径多壁碳纳米管的输运性质在出现拓扑缺陷时的响应提供参考依据.     

碳纳米管掺杂对聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)对苯乙炔-PbSe量子点复合材料性能的影响

基于碳纳米管的良好导电性、激子传输性能和量子点聚合物复合材料高的光电转换性能, 采用原位缩合法制备了聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔(MOPPV)功能化碳纳米管(SWNT)-PbSe量子点复合材料, 通过对复合材料的X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和紫外可见吸收光谱研究, 发现MOPPV, SWNT与PbSe量子点可以有效地复合, 且SWNT与MOPPV形成网状结构; PbSe量子点尺寸为5.75 nm, 其可均匀地分散在MOPPV-SWNT基体中形成包覆或镶嵌结构, 并发生了光诱导电荷转移.通过对复合材料的光电性能研究发现, 当MOPPV, SWNT, PbSe三者的质量比为1: 0.3 : 1 时其光电性能最好, 开路电压为0.556 V, 短路电流为2.133 mA, 填充因子为34.48%, 转换效率为0.452%, 与聚合物MOPPV-PbSe量子点复合材料材料相比, 光电性能提高了2–3倍. 关键词： 量子点 碳纳米管 复合材料 转换效率     

Design and analysis of thermally tunable liquid crystal filled hybrid photonic crystal fiber coupler

We propose a novel tunable photonic crystal fiber (PCF) coupler scheme, that the light is coupled between a total internal reflection (TIR) guiding core and a photonic bandgap (PBG) guiding core. By introducing the thermo-optic responsive nematic liquid crystals (NLC) into the air holes around the PBG core, the hybrid PCF based coupler exhibits enhanced thermal tunability. The thermo-optical characteristics of the proposed coupler are numerically studied using finite element method (FEM) and beam propagation method (BPM). The proposed design can find promising applications in filtering and sensing devices.