Palladium acetate and phosphine assisted synthesis of five-membered N-heterocycles

A wide variety of biological activities are possessed by oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur heterocyclic compounds and much research has been performed for the synthesis of these heterocycles. The synthesis of heterocycles with the help of metal became highly rewarding and important method in organic synthesis. This review article concentrated on the synthesis of nitrogen containing five-membered heterocylces in the presence of palladium acetate and phosphine as a catalyst.     

Palladium acetate assisted synthesis of five-membered N-polyheterocycles

Abstract

The metal-assisted synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is known to be one of the extremely developing as well as significant concepts of organic chemistry. Because of their expensive, complex working of the instrument and difficult procedures, the methodologies used earlier for the heterocycle synthesis were less amicable to the researchers. The Pd(OAc)₂-mediated cyclic reactions have been recognized to be very effective for both the stereoselective as well as regioselective formation of the 5-membered N-bearing heterocyclic compounds. The different uses of palladium acetate, as a catalyst in the formation of 5-membered N-containing polyheterocycles, are covered in this review article.     

Synthesis of five-membered N-heterocycles using silver metal

The heterocyclic chemistry field has been revolutionized using transition metal catalyst in recent years. Various research groups have focused on the development of general protocols to achieve better functional group compatibilities and greater levels of molecular complexity under mild reaction conditions using easily available starting substrates. These methods afford many advantages as compared to alternative pathways involved in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. In this review article, we have concentrated on the synthesis of nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocylces in the presence of silver catalyst.     

Synthesis of five-membered N-heterocycles using Rh based metal catalysts

Abstract

One of the highly emerging and an important aspect of organic chemistry is the metal catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles. The methodologies used earlier for their synthesis were less approachable to the organic chemist because of their high cost, highly specified instrumentation, and inconvenient methods. For both the stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of five-membered nitrogen containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are Rh-catalyzed have known to be very efficient. The present review covers the varied applications of Rh as a catalyst and its importance in the formation of five-membered nitrogen containing heterocycles. The fascinating research that has been done in this area is enclosed in this review.     

Ag-mediated synthesis of six-membered N-heterocycles

Abstract

One of the highly emerging and an important aspect of organic chemistry is the metal catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles. The methods used earlier for the synthesis of heterocycles were significant in the organic synthesis and developing cost-effective, improved and facial methods were beneficial to construct the complex architectures. For the both stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of six-membered nitrogen containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are Ag-mediated have known to be very efficient. The present review covers the applications of Ag in the formation of six-membered nitrogen containing heterocycles.     

Recent developments in the synthesis of nitrogen containing five-membered polyheterocycles using rhodium catalysts

The nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-heterocycles possess a number of pharmacological activities and recently many reports appeared for the synthesis of these heterocycles. In few past years, metals are applied for the production of these heterocycles. These synthetic strategies involving metal catalysts became highly significant in the synthetic organic chemistry. This review article features the applications of rhodium metal catalysts for the preparation of five-membered N-polyheterocylces.     

Gold and silver assisted synthesis of five-membered oxygen and nitrogen containing heterocycles

The investigation of methods for the chemical synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. The use of catalysts in organic reactions has gained extensive interest. Metal and nonmetal catalysts provided a new improved alternative to traditional methods in modern synthetic chemistry. The aim of the present review is to focus on the applications of gold- and silver-catalytic systems for the synthesis of five-membered oxygen- and nitrogen-heterocycles.     

Seven-membered N-heterocycles: metal and nonmetal assisted synthesis

The investigation of facial synthetic methods for chemical synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. The use of catalysts in organic reactions has gained extensive interest. Metal and nonmetal catalysts provided a new improved alternative to traditional methods in modern synthetic chemistry. The aim of the present review is to focus on the applications of metals and nonmetals for the synthesis of seven-membered N-heterocycles.     

Application of silver-promoted reactions in the synthesis of five-membered O-heterocycles

The investigation of facial protocols for chemical synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. The use of catalysts in organic reactions has gained extensive interest. Metal and nonmetal catalysts provided a new improved alternative to traditional methods in modern synthetic chemistry. The aim of the present review is to focus on the applications of silver-promoted reactions for the synthesis of oxygen containing five-membered heterocycles which have significance in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and among others.     

Nickel-catalyzed synthesis of five-membered heterocycles

In recent decades, a large number of reports related to the synthesis of N-, O- and S-containing heterocycles have appeared owing to a wide variety of their biological activity. The investigation of methods for the chemical synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. The use of catalysts in organic reactions has gained extensive interest. Metal and nonmetal catalysts provided a new improved alternative to traditional methods in modern synthetic chemistry. The aim of present review is to focus on the applications of nickel for the synthesis of five-membered heterocylces.     

Metal and organo-complex promoted synthesis of fused five-membered O-heterocycles

Abstract

One of the highly emerging and an important aspect of organic chemistry is the metal and organo-complex promoted synthesis of the heterocycles. The methodologies used earlier for its synthesis were less approachable to the organic chemist due to their high cost, highly sophisticated instrumentation and problematic methods. For both stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of fused five-membered O-containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are metal and organo-complex promoted have been known to be very efficient. The present review article covers the different applications of metals and organo-complexes in the formation of fused five-membered oxygen containing fused heterocycles. The fascinating research that has been done in this area is enclosed in this review.     

Photochemical C–N bond forming reactions for the synthesis of five-membered fused N-heterocycles

Abstract

Few conversions cannot take place with ground-state reactions even with the help of a catalyst, therefore they are made to occur under photochemical conditions. The transfer of electrons took place even with the photochemical excitement of one molecule where redox reaction cannot occur at the ground state. The ground-state reactions resulted in the formation of side products. The substrates did not require any sort of chemical activation for C–N bond construction in the course of photochemical reactions. The source of energy; light has always been the interest of researchers in order to induce chemical reactions ever since the starting of scientific chemistry. The present review encloses the chemistry of photochemical transformations with a focus on their synthetic uses. The organic photochemical reactions prevent the polluting or harmful reagents thus, provides a possibility for sustainable procedures as well as green chemistry. This review article displays the formation of numerous of five-membered fused nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds.     

Multiple nitrogen-containing heterocycles: Metal and non-metal assisted synthesis

A wide variety of biological activities are possessed by N-, O-, and S-containing heterocycles and recently many reports appeared for the synthesis of these heterocycles. The synthesis of heterocycles with the help of metal and nonmetal became highly rewarding and important method in organic synthesis. This review article concentrated on the synthesis of multiple-nitrogen containing five-membered heterocylces in the presence of metal and nonmetal. It describes the formation of five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocyclic rings.     

Photochemical reactions as key steps in five-membered N-heterocycle synthesis

The chemists have been interested in light as an energy source to induce chemical reactions since the beginning of scientific chemistry. This review summarizes the chemistry of photochemical reactions with emphasis of their synthetic applications. The organic photochemical reactions avoid the polluting or toxic reagents and therefore offer perspectives for sustainable processes and green chemistry. In summary, this review article describes the synthesis of a number of five-membered N-heterocycles.     

Cu-assisted C–N bond formations in six-membered N-heterocycle synthesis

Abstract

One of the highly emerging and important aspect of organic chemistry is the metal-catalyzed synthesis of the heterocycles. The methodologies used earlier for its synthesis were less approachable to the organic chemist because of their high cost, highly specified instrumentation and inconvenient methods. For both the stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are Cu-catalyzed have known to be very efficient. The presented review covers the varied applications of Cu as a catalyst and its importance in the formation of six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The fascinating research that has been done in this area is also enclosed in this review.