Honest submodules

Lattices of submodules of modules and the operators we can define on these lattices are useful tools in the study of rings and modules and their properties. Here we shall consider some submodule operators defined by sets of left ideals. First we focus our attention on the relationship between properties of a set of ideals and properties of a submodule operator it defines. Our second goal will be to apply these results to the study of the structure of certain classes of rings and modules. In particular some applications to the study and the structure theory of torsion modules are provided.     

Relative Projectivity of Modules and Cohomology Theory of Finite Groups

In the modular representation theory of finite groups the theory of projectivity relative to subgroups is of fundamental importance. To generalize this notion the theory of projectivity relative to modules was introduced by the first author. Our aim is to show some aspects of cohomology theory of finite groups concerning projectivity of modules relative to both subgroups and modules. We shall give some applications to the cohomology theory; especially we shall calculate the mod 2 cohomology algebras of finite groups with wreathed Sylow 2-subgroups.     

Tilting and cluster tilting for quotient singularities

We shall show that the stable categories of graded Cohen–Macaulay modules over quotient singularities have tilting objects. In particular, these categories are triangle equivalent to derived categories of finite dimensional algebras. Our method is based on higher dimensional Auslander–Reiten theory, which gives cluster tilting objects in the stable categories of (ungraded) Cohen–Macaulay modules.     

On the free automata and tensor product

In this paper we shall introduce the algebraic structure of a tensor product for arbitrarily given automata, giving a defintion of the tensor product for automata. We introduce and study that for any setX there always exists a free automaton onX. The existence of a tensor product for automata will be investigated in the same way like modules do.     

Multiplicities of simple modules in the Sp(4, <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>)-permutation module on <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>(3, <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>), <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis> even

In this paper we shall determine the multiplicities of simple modules in characteristic 2 in the Sp(4, q)-permutation module on projective 3-space P(3, q), q = 2 ⁿ .     

A new approximation theory which unifies spherical and Cohen-Macaulay approximations

This paper gives a new approximation theory for finitely generated modules over commutative Noetherian rings, which unifies two famous approximation theorems; one is due to Auslander and Bridger and the other is due to Auslander and Buchweitz. Modules admitting such approximations shall be studied.     

Dynamic modularity in discrete-time models of regulatory networks

We study the properties of small regulatory networks treated as non-autonomous dynamical systems, otherwise called modules when working inside larger networks. We explicit and study the conditions on the input sequences and the internal parameters of the system to behave as a transducer (finite-state automata with inputs and outputs). In the allowed families of networks, we distinguish those with and without feedback on the basis of whether the internal dynamics of the module has a role on determining their input–output behaviors or not. The input–output and non-autonomous bifurcation analysis of this class of modules rely on studying their symbolic dynamics. We consider the interplay between the internal and structural properties of the modules and the different possible inputs on them to deduce possible new functionalities as internal and external responses. Far from the over-optimistic view according to which to a module shall correspond one functionality, we obtain a trade-off between a large spectrum of behaviors and the robustness of each of them depending on the delays, non-linearities and strengths involved in the regulations.     

Trivial source modules in blocks with cyclic defect groups

We shall present a method to get trivial source modules easily just by looking at values of ordinary characters at non-identity p-elements in finite groups instead of doing huge calculation. The method is only for a case where defect groups are cyclic. Nevertheless, it works well at least when we want to prove Broué’s abelian defect group conjecture for blocks which have elementary abelian defect groups of order p ².     

Projectivity of acts and morita equivalence of monoids

In this paper we shall consider a non-additive category of A-modules, that is, instead of a ring A we take a monoid A which acts on sets from the left. These objects will be called A-acts. We investigate indecomposable A-acts and generators and characterize projectives in this category. For a given monoid A we describe all monoids B such that the category of B-acts is equivalent to the category of A-acts. In particular we find that equivalence of these categories yields an isomorphism between the monoids A and B if A is a group or finite or commutative. This differs from the additive case where the categories of modules over a commutative field and its ring of nxn matrices are equivalent. Finally we give examples of non-isomorphic monoids A and B such that the corresponding categories are equivalent.     

关于$3\times 3$阶三角矩阵环上模的研究

文章对$3\times 3$阶三角矩阵环$$\Gamma = \left(\begin{array}{ccc}T & 0 & 0 \\M & U & 0\\{N \otimes _U M} & N & V \\\end{array}\right)$$上的模作了研究,其中T,U,V均是环, M,N分别是U-T, V-U双模.通过用一个五元组$(A,B,C;f,g)$来描述一个左$\Gamma$-模 (其中$A \in \mod T, B\in {\rm mod} U, C \in {\rm mod} V$, $f:M \otimes _T A \to B \in {\rm mod} U, g:N \otimes _U B \to C \in {\rm mod} V$), 文章分别刻画了$\Gamma$上的一致模、空的模、有限嵌入模,并且确定了${ }_\Gamma (A \oplus B \oplus C)$的根和基座．     

Remarks on torsionfreeness and its applications

In this article, we shall characterize torsionfreeness of modules with respect to a semidualizing module in terms of the Serre’s condition (S_n). As its applications, we give a characterization of Cohen-Macaulay rings R such that R_𝔭 is Gorenstein for all prime ideals 𝔭 of height less than n, and we will give a partial answer of Tachikawa conjecture and Auslander-Reiten conjecture.     

The number of simple modules of a cellular algebra

Let n be a natural number, and let A be an indecomposable cellular algebra such that the spectrum of its Cartan matrix C is of the form {n, 1, …., 1}. In general, not every natural number could be the number of non-isomorphic simple modules over such a cellular algebra. Thus, two natural questions arise: (1) which numbers could be the number of non-isomorphic simple modules over such a cellular algebra A ? (2) Given such a number, is there a cellular algebra such that its Cartan matrix has the desired property ? In this paper, we shall completely answer the first question, and give a partial answer to the second question by constructing cellular algebras with the pre-described Cartan matrix.     

Auslander–Reiten components with bounded short cycles

We study Auslander–Reiten components of an artin algebra with bounded short cycles, namely, there exists a bound for the depths of maps appearing on short cycles of non-zero non-invertible maps between modules in the given component. First, we give a number of combinatorial characterizations of almost acyclic Auslander–Reiten components. Then, we shall show that an Auslander–Reiten component with bounded short cycles is obtained, roughly speaking, by gluing the connecting components of finitely many tilted quotient algebras. In particular, the number of such components is finite and each of them is almost acyclic with only finitely many DTr-orbits. As an application, we show that an artin algebra is representation-finite if and only if its module category has bounded short cycles. This includes a well known result of Ringel’s, saying that a representation-directed algebra is representation-finite.     

The m-ordered real free pro-2-group. Cohomological characterizations ∗

In this paper we investigate representations of simple algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2 and of their Lie algebras. For the groups of rank 4 or less, we shall determine all of the extensions of simple modules. The central theme will be the study of some intimate connections among the groups of types B_l, C _l and D_l (and F ₄ when l = 4). We also give calculations for those other groups of rank 4 or less which have not already been treated elsewhere ([1], [18]), but this is primarily for the sake of completeness.     

Stochastic integral with respect to set-valued square integrable martingales

In this paper, we shall firstly illustrate why we should consider integral of a stochastic process with respect to a set-valued square integrable martingale. Secondly, we shall prove the representation theorem of set-valued square integrable martingale. Thirdly, we shall give the definition of stochastic integral of a stochastic process with respect to a set-valued square integrable martingale and the representation theorem of this kind of integrals. Finally, we shall prove that the stochastic integral is a set-valued sub-martingale.     

Von Neumann Regular Rings Satisfying Weak Comparability

The notion of weak comparability was first introduced by K.C. O’Meara, to prove that directly finite simple regular rings satisfying weak comparability must be unit-regular. In this paper, we shall treat (non-necessarily simple) regular rings satisfying weak comparability and give some interesting results. We first show that directly finite regular rings satisfying weak comparability are stably finite. Using the result above, we investigate the strict cancellation property and the strict unperforation property for regular rings satisfying weak comparability, and we show that these rings have the strict unperforation property, which means that nA ≺ nB implies A ≺ B for any finitely generated projective modules A, B and any positive integer n.      

Goldie dimension of a sum of modules

The formula dim(A+B)=dim(A)+dim(B)-dim(A∩B) works when ‘dim’ stands for the dimension of subspaces A,B of any vector space. In general, however, it does no longer hold if 'dim' means the uniform (or Goldie) dimension of submodules A,B of a module M over a ring R, and in fact the left hand side may be infinite while the right hand side is finite. In this paper we shall give a characterization of those modules M in which the formula holds for any two submodules A,B, as well as some conditions in the ring R which guarantee that dim(A+B) is finite whenever A and B are finite dimensional R-modules.     

Strong solution of Itô type set-valued stochastic differential equation

In this paper, we shall firstly illustrate why we should introduce an It5 type set-valued stochastic differential equation and why we should notice the almost everywhere problem. Secondly we shall give a clear definition of Aumann type Lebesgue integral and prove the measurability of the Lebesgue integral of set-valued stochastic processes with respect to time t. Then we shall present some new properties, especially prove an important inequality of set-valued Lebesgue integrals. Finally we shall prove the existence and the uniqueness of a strong solution to the It5 type set-valued stochastic differential equation.     

L—Fuzzy偏序集

借助L-fuzzy关系在L-fuzzy中集中引入L-fuzzy偏序,自然地有了L-fuzzy偏序集,进一步借助水平截集刻画了L-fuzzy偏序集。