Combinatorics of Generalized Bethe Equations

A generalization of the Bethe ansatz equations is studied, where a scalar two-particle S-matrix has several zeroes and poles in the complex plane, as opposed to the ordinary single pole/zero case. For the repulsive case (no complex roots), the main result is the enumeration of all distinct solutions to the Bethe equations in terms of the Fuss-Catalan numbers. Two new combinatorial interpretations of the Fuss-Catalan and related numbers are obtained. On the one hand, they count regular orbits of the permutation group in certain factor modules over ${\mathbb{Z}^M}$ Z M , and on the other hand, they count integer points in certain M-dimensional polytopes.     

Drinfel'd Twists and Functional Bethe Ansatz

Using the Functional Bethe Ansatz technique, factorizing Drinfel'd twists for any finite dimensional irreducible representations of the Yangian Y(sl₂) are constructed.     

Classification of Three-Dimensional Integrable Scalar Discrete Equations

We classify all integrable three-dimensional scalar discrete affine linear equations Q ₃ = 0 on an elementary cubic cell of the lattice . An equation Q ₃ = 0 is called integrable if it may be consistently imposed on all three-dimensional elementary faces of the lattice . Under the natural requirement of invariance of the equation under the action of the complete group of symmetries of the cube we prove that the only non-trivial (non-linearizable) integrable equation from this class is the well-known dBKP-system. SPT acknowledges partial financial support from a grant of Siberian Federal University (NM-project No 45.2007) and the RFBR grant 06-01-00814.     

Bethe Vectors of the osp(1|2) Gaudin Model

The eigenvectors of the osp(1|2) invariant Gaudin Hamiltonians are found using explicitly constructed creation operators. Commutation relations between the creation operators and the generators of the loop superalgebra are calculated. The coordinate representation of the Bethe states is presented. The relation between the Bethe vectors and solutions to the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equation yields the norm of the eigenvectors.     

Discrete Miura Opers and Solutions of the Bethe Ansatz Equations

Solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations associated to the XXX model of a simple Lie algebra come in families called the populations. We prove that a population is isomorphic to the flag variety of the Langlands dual Lie algebra The proof is based on the correspondence between the solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations and special difference operators which we call the discrete Miura opers. The notion of a discrete Miura oper is one of the main results of the paper.For a discrete Miura oper D, associated to a point of a population, we show that all solutions of the difference equation DY=0 are rational functions, and the solutions can be written explicitly in terms of points composing the population.Supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0140460Supported in part by NSF grant DMS-0244579     

Strong Privacy-preserving Two-party Scalar Product Quantum Protocol

Under the assumption that the parties do not change their private inputs during the whole protocol execution, we present a probabilistic quantum protocol for secure two-party scalar product without the help of any third party, which can ensure the security of the strong privacy of two parties. Especially, the communication complexity of this protocol achieves O(1), and thus it is more suitable for applications with big data.

     

Functional Relations and Bethe Ansatz for the XXZ Chain

There is an approach due to Bazhanov and Reshetikhin for solving integrable RSOS models which consists of solving the functional relations which result from the truncation of the fusion hierarchy. We demonstrate that this is also an effective means of solving integrable vertex models. Indeed, we use this method to recover the known Bethe Ansatz solutions of both the closed and open XXZ quantum spin chains with U(1) symmetry. Moreover, since this method does not rely on the existence of a pseudovacuum state, we also use this method to solve a special case of the open XXZ chain with nondiagonal boundary terms.     

Adjunctation and Scalar Product in the Dirac Equation - I

The Bargmann-Pauli adjunctator (hermitiser) of \(\mathcal {C}{l}_{_{1,3}}(C)\) is derived in a representation independent way, circumventing the early derivations (Pauli, Ann. inst. Henri Poincaré 6, 109 and 121 1936) using representation-dependent arguments. Relations for the adjunctator’s transformation with the scalar product and space generator set are given. The SU(2) adjunctator is shown to determine the \(\mathcal {C}{l}_{_{1,3}}(C)\) adjunctator. Part-II of the paper will approach the problem of the two scalar products used in Dirac theory - an unphysical situation of “piece-wise physics” with erroneous results. The adequate usage of scalar product - via calibration - will be presented, in particular under boosts, yielding the known covariant transformations of physical quantities.     

A Family of Linearizations of Autonomous Ordinary Differential Equations with Scalar Nonlinearity

Abstract

This paper deals with a method for the linearization of nonlinear autonomous differential equations with a scalar nonlinearity. The method consists of a family of approximations which are time independent, but depend on the initial state. The family of linearizations can be used to approximate the derivative of the nonlinear vector field, especially at equilibrium points, which are of particular interest, it can be used also to determine the asymptotic stability of equilibrium point, especially in the non-hyperbolic case. Using numerical experiments, we show that the method presents good agreement with the nonlinear system even in the case of highly nonlinear systems.     

Scalar Curvature Deformation and a Gluing Construction for the Einstein Constraint Equations

On a compact manifold, the scalar curvature map at generic metrics is a local surjection [F-M]. We show that this result may be localized to compact subdomains in an arbitrary Riemannian manifold. The method is extended to establish the existence of asymptotically flat, scalar-flat metrics on ℝ ⁿ (n≥ 3) which are spherically symmetric, hence Schwarzschild, at infinity, i.e. outside a compact set. Such metrics provide Cauchy data for the Einstein vacuum equations which evolve into nontrivial vacuum spacetimes which are identically Schwarzschild near spatial infinity. Received: 8 November 1999 / Accepted: 27 March 2000     

Asymptotic Bethe ansatz from string sigma model on

We derive the asymptotic Bethe ansatz (AFS equations [G. Arutyunov, S. Frolov, M. Staudacher, Bethe ansatz for quantum strings, JHEP 0410 (2004) 016, hep-th/0406256]) for the string on S³×R sector of AdS₅×S⁵ from the integrable nonhomogeneous dynamical spin chain for the string sigma model proposed in [N. Gromov, V. Kazakov, K. Sakai, P. Vieira, Strings as multi-particle states of quantum sigma-models, hep-th/0603043]. It is clear from the derivation that AFS equations can be viewed only as an effective model describing a certain regime of a more fundamental inhomogeneous spin chain.     

Scalar tilt from broken conformal invariance

Within recently proposed scenario which explains flatness of the spectrum of scalar cosmological perturbations by a combination of conformal and global symmetries, we discuss the effect of weak breaking of conformal invariance. We find that the scalar power spectrum obtains a small tilt which depends on both the strength of conformal symmetry breaking and the law of evolution of the scale factor.     

Functional Feynman-Kac Equations for Limit Lognormal Multifractals

A novel technique of functional Feynman-Kac equations is developed for the probability distribution of the limit lognormal multifractal process introduced by Mandelbrot [in Statistical Models and Turbulence, M. Rosenblatt and C. Van Atta, eds., Springer, New York (1972)] and constructed explicitly by Bacry, Delour, and Muzy [Phys. Rev. E 64:026103 (2001)]. The distribution of the process is known to be determined by the complicated stochastic dependence structure of its increments (SDSI). It is shown that the SDSI has two separate layers of complexity that can be captured in a precise way by a pair of functional Feynman-Kac equations for the Laplace transform. Exact solutions are obtained as power series expansions in the intermittency parameter using a novel intermittency differentiation rule. The expansion of the moments gives a new representation of the Selberg integral. The author wishes to express gratitude to the Mathematics Department of Lehigh University for generous support during his stay at Lehigh University, where this article was written.     

Scalar radiation from a point source

We consider a classical scalar field, obeying the inhomogeneous Klein-Gordon equation, in the case of a single point source. We propose a definition for the radiated energy-momentum and give an expression for it in terms of the prescribed world line of the source where we assume that the acceleration vanishes outside a finite interval. We find that only the part of the world line with non-vanishing acceleration contributes to the radiation, which travels at all speeds less than but not equal to the speed of light. We briefly discuss the case with more than one point source.     

氪的贝特面

用高分辨快电子能量损失谱方法, 在入射电子能量2.5 keV、激发能范围8-88 eV、动量转移范围0.056-3.56 ato. unit的条件下, 测量了氪的贝特面, 并进一步分析了贝特面的特性.     

Quasi-Potential Equations for a Complex Two-Particle System in the Context of Scalar Theories with Self-Action

Within the framework of the covariant simultaneous approach of quantum field theory, a complex system of two identical scalar particles with third- and fourth-order self-action is examined. Explicit forms of the retarded component of the Green's two-time function and of the energy-dependent interaction operator of the system are obtained in the lowest orders of perturbation theory. Three-dimensional quasi-potential equations for the relativistic wave function of a bound state are derived. Based on the results obtained, a complex system of two Higgs bosons is examined.     

Primary Branch Solutions of First Order Autonomous Scalar Partial Differential Equations via Lie Symmetry Approach

A primary branch solution (PBS) is defined as a solution with m independent n ? 1 dimensional arbitrary functions for an m order n dimensional partial differential equation (PDE). PBSs of arbitrary first order scalar PDEs can be determined by using Lie symmetry group approach companying with the introduction of auxiliary fields. Because of the intrusion of the arbitrary function, the PBSs have abundant and complicated structure. Usually, PBSs are implicit solutions. In some special cases, explicit solutions such as the instanton (rogue wave like) solutions may be obtained by suitably fixing the arbitrary function of the PBS.     

Phenomenological Fluids from Interacting Tachyonic Scalar Fields

In this paper we are interested to consider mathematical ways to obtain different phenomenological fluids from two-component Tachyonic scalar fields. We consider interaction between components and investigate problem numerically. Statefinder diagnostics and validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics performed and checked. We suppose that our Universe bounded by Hubble horizon.