三能级单量子态控制双向量子隐形传态

采用张量表示和广义三维贝尔基测量的方法,提出了实现三能级单量子态控制双向量子隐形传态的协议.协议中,控制者Carol的量子态为任意广义三维贝尔基.选择六粒子纠缠态作为量子通道,并给出了判断任意六粒子纠缠态能否作为量子通道的必要条件.基于该条件,借助SO(3)群元素的幺正性,选择其任意两个元素作为幺正矩阵,给出了构建量子通道的一般方法.列举了两个具体构建量子通道的例子,其中Alice、Bob、Carol共同作用,进行相应的广义三维贝尔基测量和对应的幺正变换,最终实现了Alice和Bob之间量子态的交换,从而验证了所提协议的可行性.     

三能级单量子态控制双向量子隐形传态（英文）

采用张量表示和广义三维贝尔基测量的方法,提出了实现三能级单量子态控制双向量子隐形传态的协议.协议中,控制者Carol的量子态为任意广义三维贝尔基.选择六粒子纠缠态作为量子通道,并给出了判断任意六粒子纠缠态能否作为量子通道的必要条件.基于该条件,借助SO(3)群元素的幺正性,选择其任意两个元素作为幺正矩阵,给出了构建量子通道的一般方法.列举了两个具体构建量子通道的例子,其中Alice、Bob、Carol共同作用,进行相应的广义三维贝尔基测量和对应的幺正变换,最终实现了Alice和Bob之间量子态的交换,从而验证了所提协议的可行性.     

量子隐形传态的类簇态信道方案(英文)

提出了利用一个四粒子类簇态来实现一个任意两粒子态的隐形传送方案.如果接受者能根据发送者提供的测量信息对量子态实施一个合适的幺正变换,那么隐形传送就能以一定的概率实现.由于该方案中充当量子信道的是部分纠缠态,因此该方案比以前基于最大纠缠态的方案更具有现实意义.同时研究导出一个重要的结论:可以从一个四粒子类簇态(部分纠缠态)中以一定的概率提取出一个四粒子簇态(最大纠缠态),这个概率等于成功隐形传态的概率.     

哈密顿量诱导的量子演化速度

在研究量子态的演化问题时,量子演化速率往往定义为量子初态与其演化态之间的态距离随时间的变化率.本文将量子演化的基本理论与线性代数方法相结合,通过量子态演化的路径距离来研究量子系统的演化.量子幺正演化系统中,量子演化算符包含了量子演化的路径信息,路径距离的大小则决定于演化算符本征值的幅角主值分布.由量子态演化的路径距离随时间的变化率而得到的量子瞬时演化速率则正比于系统哈密顿量的最大与最小本征值之差.作为应用之一,利用量子演化的路径距离及哈密顿量诱导的瞬时演化速率,可以给出量子演化新的时间下限.此时间下限只与系统的演化算符及哈密顿量有关,而与量子初态的具体形式无关,这与量子系统真实演化时间所具有的性质一致.严格的理论证明以及两个演化实例的数值结果均表明,在[0,π/(2ω_H)]时间范围内,本文给出的演化时间下限与真实演化时间重合,是真实演化时间的准确预测.通过量子演化的路径距离及相应演化速率来研究量子系统的演化,为相关问题的解答提供了新的思路和方法.     

量子隐形传态的类簇态信道方案

提出了利用一个四粒子类簇态来实现一个任意两粒子态的隐形传送方案.如果接受者能根据发送者提供的测量信息对量子态实施一个合适的幺正变换,那么隐形传送就能以一定的概率实现.由于该方案中充当量子信道的是部分纠缠态,因此该方案比以前基于最大纠缠态的方案更具有现实意义.同时研究导出一个重要的结论：可以从一个四粒子类簇态（部分纠缠态）中以一定的概率提取出一个四粒子簇态（最大纠缠态）,这个概率等于成功隐形传态的概率.     

未知高维量子态的概率隐形传送

研究了未知的多维量子态的概率量子隐形传送问题.文中提出利用一个部分的三维两粒子纠缠态作为量子通道,概率传送未知的三维单粒子态的方案;然后通过利用两个部分的三维两粒子纠缠态作为量子通道,又提出了一种概率隐形传送未知的三维两粒子纠缠态的方案.并且对它们进行了推广:通过利用N个部分的d维两粒子纠缠态作为量子通道,可以把这种方案直接推广到未知的d维N粒子纠缠态的概率量子隐形传送.同样地,我们详细地列出了每个接收者所用的各种幺正变换.这样,我们就把未知的两维量子态的概率量子隐形传送问题研究推广到三维或多维量子态的概率量子隐形传送.与先前的研究方案相比,本文所提方案具有下列优点:处理方法不同,具体地说是在隐形传送的过程中所利用的幺正变换形式不同.在我们的方案中,接收者将引进一个具有初态为|0》A的d-维辅助粒子A,幺正变换U2采用d2×d2矩阵形式(对三维量子态来说d=3);而先前方案的接收者引进的是一个具有初态为|0》A的两维辅助粒子A,幺正变换U2采用2d×2d矩阵形式,即实际上就是过去方案的形式.也就是说,他们对其它粒子是进行多维处理,而对接收者引进的辅助粒子A只进行两维处理.     

量子扩散通道中Wigner算符的演化规律

众所周知,量子态的演化可用与其相应的Wigner函数演化来代替.因为量子态的Wigner函数和量子态的密度矩阵一样,都包含了概率分布和相位等信息,因此对量子态的Wigner函数进行研究,可以更加快速有效地获取量子态在演化过程的重要信息.本文从经典扩散方程出发,利用密度算符的P表示,导出了量子态密度算符的扩散方程.进一步通过引入量子算符的Weyl编序记号,给出了其对应的Weyl量子化方案.另外,借助于密度算符的另一相空间表示-Wigner函数,建立了Wigner算符在扩散通道中演化方程,并给出了其Wigner算符解的形式.本文推导出了Wigner算符在量子扩散通道中的演化规律,即演化过程中任意时刻Wigner算符的形式.在此结论的基础上,讨论了相干态经过量子扩散通道的演化情况.     

纠缠相干光场对量子态最大演化速率的操控

考虑双模纠缠相干光场,将其中一束光场注入腔中与一个二能级原子发生共振相互作用,根据腔量子电动力学理论推导出原子系统的演化态.针对原子系统初始状态到目标演化态的动力学过程,利用量子速率极限时间概念来表征原子系统量子态的最大演化速率.通过调节双模纠缠相干光场的相干参数来操控原子系统量子态动力学过程中所能达到的最大演化速率.结果发现:与原子发生相互作用光场的相干参数在一定条件下可以对系统量子态的最大演化速率产生明显的影响;并且当该光场参数不能很好地来操控量子态的最大演化速率时,双模纠缠相干光场间的量子关联可以实现未参加相互作用光场参数对原子系统量子态最大演化速率的远程调控.     

量子计算机理论中的量子叠加和量子纠缠

讨论了量子计算、量子通讯与量子计算机中的核心问题 量子叠加和量子纠缠. 从量子态表示量子信息为出发点, 指出有关量子信息的所有问题都可采用量子力学理论来处理. 其中信息的演变遵从薛定谔方程, 信息的传输就是量子态在量子通道中的传送, 信息处理就是量子态的幺正变换, 信息提取则是对量子系统实行量子测量.     

基于GHZ纠缠态实现纯EPR对的双向量子隐形传态

提出了一种基于Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)纠缠态进行纯EPR对双向隐形传态的方案.通过使用纠缠交换技术,通信双方Alice和Bob共享两对三粒子GHZ纠缠态来构建量子信道.方案中通过使用受控非门操作,单量子位测量以及适当的幺正操作,通信双方可以同时发送一个纯EPR对给对方.故相比仅可以传送单一量子态的方案更经济.     

Quantum Gate-Based Quantum Private Comparison

International Journal of Theoretical Physics - Many existing protocols of quantum private comparison (QPC) are often made up of quantum part and classical part, because they employ quantum...     

Quantum Logic for Quantum Computers

The following results obtained within a project of finding the algebra of statesin a general-purpose quantum computer are reported: (1) All operations of anorthomodular lattice, including the identity, are fivefold-defined; (2) there arenonorthomodular models for both quantum and classical logics; (3) there is afour-variable orthoarguesian lattice condition which contains all known orthoarguesianlattice conditions including six- and five-variable ones. Repercussions to quantumcomputers operating as quantum simulators are discussed.     

Quantum Computation Toward Quantum Gravity

The aim of this paper is to enlighten the emerging relevance of Quantum Information Theory in the field of Quantum Gravity. As it was suggested by J. A. Wheeler, information theory must play a relevant role in understanding the foundations of Quantum Mechanics (the "It from bit" proposal). Here we suggest that quantum information must play a relevant role in Quantum Gravity (the "It from qubit" proposal). The conjecture is that Quantum Gravity, the theory which will reconcile Quantum Mechanics with General Relativity, can be formulated in terms of quantum bits of information (qubits) stored in space at the Planck scale. This conjecture is based on the following arguments: a) The holographic principle, b) The loop quantum gravity approach and spin networks, c) Quantum geometry and black hole entropy. From the above arguments, as they stand in the literature, it follows that the edges of spin networks pierce the black hole horizon and excite curvature degrees of freedom on the surface. These excitations are micro-states of Chern-Simons theory and account of the black hole entropy which turns out to be a quarter of the area of the horizon, (in units of Planck area), in accordance with the holographic principle. Moreover, the states which dominate the counting correspond to punctures of spin j = 1/2 and one can in fact visualize each micro-state as a bit of information. The obvious generalization of this result is to consider open spin networks with edges labeled by the spin –1/ 2 representation of SU(2) in a superposed state of spin "on" and spin "down." The micro-state corresponding to such a puncture will be a pixel of area which is "on" and "off" at the same time, and it will encode a qubit of information. This picture, when applied to quantum cosmology, describes an early inflationary universe which is a discrete version of the de Sitter universe.     

Quantum World with Quantum Time

Since the beginning of quantum mechanics there have been a lot of attempts to quantize time. In this paper we refer to the little known concept of quantum time proposed by E.Kapuscik [Hadronic J. 8 (1985) 75]. We analyze some properties of systems with quantum time. Moreover we comment and discuss the idea of quantum time.     

Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing of Quantum States with Quantum Registers

A quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed by making use of quantum registers. In the proposed scheme, secret message state is encoded into multipartite entangled states. Several identical multi-particle entanglement states are generated and each particle of the entanglement state is filled in different quantum registers which act as shares of the secret message. Two modes, i.e. the detecting mode and the message mode, are employed so that the eavesdropping can be detected easily and the secret message may be recovered. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme is secure against eavesdropping of eavesdropper and cheating of participants.     

Quantum Covers in Quantum Measure Theory

Sorkin’s recent proposal for a realist interpretation of quantum theory, the anhomomorphic logic or coevent approach, is based on the idea of a “quantum measure” on the space of histories. This is a generalisation of the classical measure to one which admits pair-wise interference and satisfies a modified version of the Kolmogorov probability sum rule. In standard measure theory the measure on the base set Ω is normalised to one, which encodes the statement that “Ω happens”. Moreover, the Kolmogorov sum rule implies that the measure of any subset A is strictly positive if and only if A cannot be covered by a countable collection of subsets of zero measure. In quantum measure theory on the other hand, simple examples suffice to demonstrate that this is no longer true. We propose an appropriate generalisation, the quantum cover, which in addition to being a cover of A, satisfies the property that if the quantum measure of A is non-zero then this is also the case for at least one of the elements in the cover. Our work implies a non-triviality result for the coevent interpretation for Ω of finite cardinality, and allows us to cast the Peres-Kochen-Specker theorem in terms of quantum covers.     

Quantum Coherence in Non-Markovian Quantum Channels

We numerically simulate quantum coherence in a system of two qubits interacting with a reservoir for non-Markovian channels. The explicit form of the master equation is taken in terms of density-operator elements and is solved according to the initial conditions. In particular, we consider the effect of an Ohmic reservoir (OR) with Lorentz–Drude regularization (LDR) on the extent of coherence during dynamics. We describe the dynamical behavior of the coherence for low, intermediate, and high-temperature reservoirs. We explain the effect of the ratio of the cutoff frequency (CF) to the quantum system frequency and the effect of temperature on the quantum coherence. We show that a decreasing ratio enhances coherence, while an increasing temperature decreases it.

     

Quantum Secure Dialogue with Quantum Encryption

How to solve the information leakage problem has become the research focus of quantum dialogue. In this paper, in order to overcome the information leakage problem in quantum dialogue, a novel approach for sharing the initial quantum state privately between communicators, i.e., quantum encryption sharing, is proposed by utilizing the idea of quantum encryption. The proposed protocol uses EPR pairs as the private quantum key to encrypt and decrypt the traveling photons, which can be repeatedly used after rotation. Due to quantum encryption sharing, the public announcement on the state of the initial quantum state is omitted, thus the information leakage problem is overcome. The information-theoretical efficiency of the proposed protocol is nearly 100%, much higher than previous information leakage resistant quantum dialogue protocols. Moreover, the proposed protocol only needs single-photon measurements and nearly uses single photons as quantum resource so that it is convenient to implement in practice.     

Duality Quantum Computers and Quantum Operations

We present a mathematical theory for a new type of quantum computer called a duality quantum computer that is similar to one that has recently been proposed. We discuss the nonunitarity of certain circuits of a duality quantum computer. We then discuss the relevance of this work to quantum operations and their convexity theory. This discussion is based upon isomorphism theorems for completely positive maps.