Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Coupled Nanocrystalline ZnO/ZnS in Nafion Membrane

The coupled nanocrystalline ZnO/ZnS was fabricated and immobilized in Nafion membrane by using sodium sulfide (Na2S) as the single anion precursor. The molar ratio of ZnO to ZnS can be controlled by simply adjusting the reaction time. The as-prepared ZnO/ZnS-Nafion samples were characterized by various methods, including optical absorption, X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These coupled ZnO/ZnS nanocrystals embedded in Nafion membrane displayed excellent photocatalytic activities for their efficient charge separation properties. A mechanism of ZnO/ZnS nanoparticle fabrication in Nafion was deduced from the solubility difference, and the photocatalytic mechanism of coupled ZnO/ZnS was discussed as well.     

花状ZnO/ZnS异质结构的简易合成、结构表征及光催化活性

采用简便的两步溶液相化学方法,在较低温度下(80℃),制备出了花状的ZnO/ZnS异质结构。分别利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见光谱仪等测试手段对所制备的样品进行表征,结果表明ZnO/ZnS异质结构是由花状ZnO纳米结构和ZnS纳米粒子组成。在光降解罗丹明B(RhB)的测试中,ZnO/ZnS异质结构样品体现出了比ZnO前驱物和商业P25光催化剂更高的光催化效率,这主要可归因于异质结构更有利于电子-空穴的有效分离。ZnO/ZnS光催化剂体现出良好的循环稳定性。     

ZnO/ZnS Heterostructured Nanorod Arrays and Their Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Semiconducting heterostructures have been widely applied in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution due to their variable band gaps and high energy conversion efficiency. As typical semiconducting heterostructures, ZnO/ZnS heterostructured nanorod arrays (HNRAs) have been obtained through a simple anion‐exchange process in this work. Structural characterization indicates that the heterostructured nanorods (HNRs) are all composed of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO core and cubic zinc‐blende ZnS shell. As expected, the as‐obtained one‐dimensional heterostructures not only lower the energy barrier but also enhance the separation ability of photogenerated carriers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Through comparisons, it is found that 1D ZnO/ZnS HNRAs exhibit much better performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution than 1D ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) and 1D ZnS NRAs. The maximum H₂ production is 19.2 mmol h^?1 for 0.05 g catalyst under solar‐simulated light irradiation at 25 °C and the corresponding quantum efficiency is 13.9 %, which goes beyond the economical threshold of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution technology.     

Zn基片上ZnO及ZnS/ZnO复合纳米阵列的液相合成及发光性质

采用温和的溶液路线在Zn基片上合成了单晶态的ZnO纳米棒阵列、 纳米片阵列和ZnS/ZnO复合双层纳米棒阵列. 使用X射线粉末衍射仪、 扫描电子显微镜、 高分辨透射电子显微镜、 X射线光电子能谱仪等对产物的组成、 结构及形貌进行了表征. 讨论了表面活性剂在液相合成中对产物形貌的调控作用. 通过室温发射光谱的测定, 研究了所得纳米阵列材料的发光性质.     

A study on electrodeposited of ZnO/ZnS heterostructures

ZnO/ZnS heterostructures were synthesized by a two steps electrochemical deposition method. Firstly, ZnS layer was deposited from an aqueous solution containing Na₂S₂O₃ and ZnSO₄ onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) coating glass substrate at two deposition potentials. Then, ZnO nanostructures were deposited from an aqueous solution of Zn(NO₃) onto ZnS surface. The as-obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and UV-visible analysis. The results indicate that the electrodeposition of ZnS layer at ?0.9 V give the best proprieties of ZnO/ZnS heterostructures. Homogeneous and uniform surface of ZnO/ZnS heterostructure was confirmed by AFM images. The XRD patterns indicates a high crystallinity of ZnO/ZnS. A high transmittance of 65% was also noted from UV-Visible spectra and band gap energy as large as 3.6?eV was found.     

硫化锌与硫化锌/氧化锌异质结纳米线的化学气相沉积法制备与表征

介绍一种利用石墨还原快速制备大量硫化锌纳米线的方法,并分别合成了超晶格型、双轴型、核/壳型的硫化锌/氧化锌异质结纳米线。所合成的硫化锌纳米线存在六方纤锌矿和立方闪锌矿两种晶型,纳米线长度达几十微米,直径在20-50 nm,直径均匀且产量很高。在具有双轴型的硫化锌/氧化锌异质结中,首次发现具有超结构特征的氧化锌。HRTEM分析表明,硫化锌/氧化锌超晶格异质结界面为ZB-ZnS(111)∥ZnO(0001),而核/壳型异质结界面为W-ZnS(0001)∥ZnO(0001),这三个晶面分别为各自晶体的极性面,即所合成的硫化锌/氧化锌异质结中极性面相互平行。对ZnS 和ZnS/ZnO 异质结的生长机制进行了探讨,并对硫化锌纳米线与硫化锌/氧化锌异质结的光学性质进行了分析。     

ZnS微米球的水热合成及光催化性能研究

以L-半胱氨酸为硫源,明胶作为组装剂,采用水热方法制备了粒径均一的ZnS微米球。利用XRD,TEM,FESEM,FTIR探讨了明胶、反应时间和反应温度对产物形貌和尺寸的影响,其结果表明ZnS微米球是由ZnS纳米颗粒组装而成的3D多级结构。光催化性能研究表明,明胶的加入提高了最终产物的光催化性能。利用产物的荧光发光性能解释了其光催化性能产生差异的原因。     

ZnO/PAN亚微米复合纤维的制备及光催化性能

采用静电纺丝技术,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和醋酸锌[Zn(Ac)2]为前驱物,制备了Zn(Ac)2/PAN复合纤维。利用六亚甲基四胺[(CH2)6N4]辅助的水热合成法,成功制备了具有异质结构的ZnO/PAN亚微米复合纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散光谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等对产物的形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子均匀地生长在PAN纤维表面,形成了ZnO/PAN亚微米复合纤维。以罗丹明B为目标降解物,对光催化性能进行评价,结果表明,ZnO/PAN亚微米复合纤维具有良好的光催化活性。     

花球状异质结构复合材料ZnS/ZnO/ZnWO4多模式光降解与光解水制氢

通过微波辅助水热两步法制备了复合材料ZnS/ZnO/ZnWO_4,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UVVis DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)以及N_2吸附-脱附等测试手段对其晶相结构、组成、形貌、表面物理化学性质及光吸收性能等进行了表征。结果显示,该复合材料呈现大小均匀的花球状结构,其花球是由立方晶相ZnS纳米颗粒、六方晶相ZnO与单斜晶相ZnWO_4纳米棒构成。微波的极化作用导致复合材料ZnO/ZnWO_4的晶粒尺寸、比表面积和孔体积较单体ZnWO_4明显变大。再次微波辐射复合ZnS后,复合材料ZnS/ZnO/ZnWO_4的晶粒尺寸进一步变大,同时二次微波作用导致其比表面积和孔体积由于花球内部的紧致而变小,但复合材料依旧保持花球状结构。以孔雀石绿为目标降解物,研究了花球状ZnS/ZnO/ZnWO_4增强的多模式光催化降解性能。而光解水制氢实验结果表明,ZnS/ZnO/ZnWO_4复合材料具有优异的产氢能力(376.9μmol·h~(-1)·g~(-1)),是市售P25的246.5倍,其增强的光解水制氢性能与复合材料优异的花球形貌、三元异质结构以及光催化反应中的多途径电子传递有关。     

ZnS微米花的水热合成及光催化性质研究

本文采用简便的水热法一步合成ZnS微米花,通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等表征手段研究了合成产物的形貌及微观结构,并考察了合成产物的光催化性质。合成产物的光催化测试结果表明,在紫外光辐照下,产物对亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和曙红都有很好的降解效果。为了测试产物循环利用的光催化能力,对其进行了5次降解实验,结果显示产物依然保持良好的光催化活性。     

水热法制备纳米ZnS的光催化性能研究

采用水热法制备了结晶良好的ZnS纳米粒子,通过XRD、FT-IR、TEM、UV-Vis DRS等手段对所合成的ZnS粉体的结构、粒度和理化性能进行表征,并以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,评价了ZnS粉体在紫外光和可见光下的光催化性能。研究结果表明,水热法制备的纳米ZnS为典型的六方晶系,粒径大致为10～20 nm,不论是在紫外光或可见光下对亚甲基蓝均具有优异的脱色率,呈现出良好的光催化性能。     

ZnO/BiOI微球的合成及其光催化性能

通过一步溶剂热法合成ZnO/BiOI纳米复合材料,在Bi（NO₃）₃·6H₂O、KI、ZnO和乙二醇（EG）溶剂中,制备出的样品尺寸和形貌采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、N₂吸附-脱附等,对实验所得产物的组成、结构及光学性质等进行表征。以染料罗丹明B（RhB）水溶液和气态乙醛作为降解对象,采用BiOI、ZnO/BiOI和ZnO微纳材料作为光催化剂,通过对BiOI、ZnO/BiOI和ZnO微纳材料在可见光下光催化降解染料罗丹明B（RhB）水溶液和气态乙醛,结果表明多孔微纳材料的ZnO/BiOI具有更高的降解效率,实验表明多孔微纳材料的ZnO/BiOI具有更高的氧空位浓度,因此使其催化活性增强,讨论了其可能的催化活性机理。     

First-principles Studies on Electronic Structures of Ga-doped ZnO and ZnS

First-principles calculations have been performed to clarify the differences of the electronic structures of Ga-doped ZnO and ZnS. Results show the local density approximation and local density approximation+U calculations are in good qualitative agreement with each other. After doping, impurity states appear near the Fermi level in both ZnO and ZnS cases.When ZnO is doped, the impurity states are delocalized in the whole conduction band. On the contrary, when ZnS is doped, though the p state of Ga is also delocalized, the s state is localized near the Fermi level. Partial charge density distributions of the frontier orbital show the same information. After an exchange of the crystal structures of ZnO and ZnS,results remain unchanged. The localized Ga s state accounts for the bad electrical properties of Ga-doped ZnS.     

ZnO/BiOI微球的合成及其光催化性能

通过一步溶剂热法合成ZnO/BiOI纳米复合材料,在Bi（NO₃）₃·6H₂O、KI、ZnO和乙二醇（EG）溶剂中,制备出的样品尺寸和形貌采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、N₂吸附-脱附等,对实验所得产物的组成、结构及光学性质等进行表征。以染料罗丹明B（RhB）水溶液和气态乙醛作为降解对象,采用BiOI、ZnO/BiOI和ZnO微纳材料作为光催化剂,通过对BiOI、ZnO/BiOI和ZnO微纳材料在可见光下光催化降解染料罗丹明B（RhB）水溶液和气态乙醛,结果表明多孔微纳材料的ZnO/BiOI具有更高的降解效率,实验表明多孔微纳材料的ZnO/BiOI具有更高的氧空位浓度,因此使其催化活性增强,讨论了其可能的催化活性机理。     

均质核壳结构ZnS的一步法合成及光催化性能

以硝酸锌和硫脲为原料,十二烷基硫酸钠为保护剂,通过一步水热合成反应,制备了具有核壳结构的微米级Zn S半导体材料.该Zn S材料的核、壳成分相同,晶体构造一致,均为立方闪锌矿结构;调节反应时间,可以方便地控制壳层构造的生长与闭合程度;优化反应条件得到整体尺寸约为3μm、核壳结构特征突出的形貌新颖的Zn S微粒;将Zn S材料用于亚甲基蓝的光降解反应,其对目标降解物的降解效率与形貌特征有紧密联系,壳层闭合程度越高,降解效率越低.在最优条件下,该材料对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达97.3%.     

ZnO/ZnS大面积单晶异质结及其光电性能研究

ZnO和ZnS是重要的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族宽禁带半导体材料,二者之间形成的异质结具有Ⅱ型能带结构,可以促使受激载流子实现空间分离,延长受激载流子的寿命,从而提高材料的光催化和光电探测性能。本文利用物理气相沉积方法,首次在ZnO块状单晶衬底上生长了一层ZnS单晶薄膜,薄膜由厚约4nm、边长几百纳米,取向一致的等边三角形纳米片组成。X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜的表征结果显示,ZnS薄膜与ZnO衬底具有单一外延取向关系。阴极射线荧光光谱表明ZnS薄膜的制备显著提高了ZnO单晶片可见光荧光发光峰的强度。此外,对ZnO/ZnS异质结的紫外光电探测性能的研究结果显示,异质结对不同波长的紫外光均有响应,光响应的上升弛豫时间和下降弛豫时间分别为200ms和1050ms,展示了较好的光电应用潜力。     

不同形貌氧化锌的微波水热法制备及其光催化性能

采用微波水热法在乙二醇的辅助下,制备出一系列不同形貌的氧化锌(Zn O)纳米/微米颗粒。扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明,乙二醇的加入量对样品的形貌有着非常显著的影响,通过控制乙二醇的加入量,可以得到不规则片状、六方棱柱孪晶、梭子形和球形等形貌的Zn O纳米/微米颗粒。从微波反应器检测压力结果可以看出,乙二醇的加入量对反应体系的压力影响非常显著,这起到了调控纳米晶生长速度的效果进而得到不同形貌的样品。在此基础上,系统测试了样品在氙灯照射下光催化降解罗丹明B的能力,结果表明,乙二醇加入量大于12 m L时的球状样品光催化效率要远高于其他样品,在50 min内能完成对罗丹明B的降解。     

氧化锌/镁铝复合氧化物的制备及光催化性能

将镁铝层状双氢氧化物分散在锌盐与尿素的混合液中,加热使尿素水解、锌离子沉淀,经洗涤、干燥、煅烧,再用碳酸钠溶液浸渍、煅烧,得到还原后的氧化锌/镁铝复合氧化物。用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氮等温吸附和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等方法对所制备的氧化锌/镁铝复合氧化物的结构和性能进行了表征。以酸性红G为模型污染物评价了其去除效率及光催化活性。碳酸钠还原处理过的氧化锌/镁铝复合氧化物结构发生了改变,氧化锌的晶粒变小,复合氧化物变成了片状结构,其对酸性红G的去除效率也明显提高,质量比为2∶1的氧化锌/镁铝复合物经还原后表现出了良好的光催化活性。     

Rational synthetic strategy: From ZnO nanorods to ZnS nanotubes

We demonstrate here that ZnS nanotubes can be successfully synthesized via a facile conversion process from ZnO nanorods precursors. During the conversion process, ZnO nanorods are first prepared as sacrificial templates and then converted into tubular ZnO/ZnS core/shell naonocomposites through a hydrothermal sulfidation treatment by using thioacetamide (TAA) as sulfur source. ZnS nanotubes are finally obtained through the removal of ZnO cores of tubular ZnO/ZnS core/shell naonocomposites by KOH treatment. The photoluminescence (PL) characterization of the as-prepared products shows much enhanced PL emission of tubular ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanocomposites compared with their component counterparts. The probable mechanism of conversion process is also proposed based on the experimental results.     

Molten-salt Synthesis and Properties of ZnS with Hexagonal Prism Morphology

ZnS with hexagonal prism morphology has been synthesized successfully by molten-salt method with ZnS nanoparticles as precursors, and the ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by one-step solid-state reaction of Zn（CH3COO）2·2H2O with Na2S·9H2O at ambient temperature. Crystal structure and morphology of the product were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and HRTEM. Ultraviolet-visible optical absorption spectrum of the ZnS hexagonal prism shows a distinct red shift from that of bulk ZnS crystals and photoluminescence spectrum exhibits strong emissions at 380 and 500 nm, respectively. Further experiments were designed and the formation mechanism of the ZnS hexagonal prism has been also discussed in brief.