固相配位化学反应研究(LVI)——无水醋酸镍与水杨醛肟在室温下的固-固相化学反应

30℃常压条件下,无水醋酸镍与水杨醛肟发生固-固化学反应,生成反式-水杨醛肟合镍配合物,反应在4h内完成.产率高达99%.用元素分析、X射线粉末衍射红外光谱等表征了固相产物.用DTA法对比了在非等温条件下的固相反应情况,通过电导法计算出该固相反应的活化能.     

固相表面修饰对聚丙烯结晶性能的影响

采用固相表面修饰方法对聚丙烯进行网络修饰,讨论了反应条件对体系凝胶分数的影响,用IR、WAXD、DSC、DMA和电子能谱等方法研究了固相表面修饰对聚丙烯结晶性能的影响,阐明了固相表面修饰过程的特点.     

固相配位化学反应研究LVIII.2, 2'-对苯二甲硫基二乙酸与醋酸铜在低热温度下的固相化学反应

本文研究2, 2'-对苯二甲硫基二乙酸与一水醋酸铜在低热温度下发生的固-固相配位化学反应。用XRD, IR, ESR和元素分析等手段表征反应在50℃进行8h后的固相产物。用电导法研究等温固相反应, 探讨可能的动力学机理, 并计算了固相反应的动力学参数。     

固相配位化学反应研究LVIII.2, 2'-对苯二甲硫基二乙酸与醋酸铜在低热温度下的固相化学反应

本文研究2, 2'-对苯二甲硫基二乙酸与一水醋酸铜在低热温度下发生的固-固相配位化学反应。用XRD, IR, ESR和元素分析等手段表征反应在50℃进行8h后的固相产物。用电导法研究等温固相反应, 探讨可能的动力学机理, 并计算了固相反应的动力学参数。     

固相配位化学反应研究 LVⅢ.2,2′-对苯二甲硫基二乙酸与醋酸铜在低热温度下的固相化学反应

本文研究2,2’-对苯二甲硫基二乙酸与一水醋酸铜在低热温度下发生的固-固相配位化学反应.用XRD,IR,ESR和元素分析等手段表征反应在50℃进行8h后的固相产物.用电导法研究等温固相反应,探讨可能的动力学机理,并计算了固相反应的动力学参数.     

固相配位化学反应研究(ⅩⅩⅤ)——草酸高铁与路易氏间碱的固相反应

用气相色谱法研究了草酸铁(Ⅲ)与路易氏碱在氢气氛和氦气氛中的固相反应。结果表明草酸铁与氢氧化钠在室温下明显发生固相反应,其产物随温度升高而变化。同时发现α-Fe对草酸钠有催化分解作用,与四硫化钾低于220°C时发生固相反应,生成KFeS₂,但只有1/4草酸铁参加了固相反应,反应不完全,对固相反应的机制及反应气氛的影响也进行了探讨。     

固相热分解反应最可几机制的判断

固相热分解反应最可几机制的判断高永煜，邹文樵，冯仰婕（华东理工大学化学系上海２００２３７）关键词热分解，动力学方程，反应机制固相热分解反应机制的判断，是热分析动力学中令人感兴趣的领域。常用的方法是从含机制函数的非等温积分动力学方程出发，分别用Ｓｅｓｔ...     

固相配位化学反应研究 ⅩⅩⅩⅦ XRD法研究Cu(Ac)_2·H_2O与甘氨酸的室温固相配位化学反应

固相配位化学研究配位化合物在固态条件下的反应及性质。有关室温条件下的固相配位反应的报导很少。本文用XRD方法研究Cu(Ac)_2·H_2O与甘氨酸在室温条件下的固相配位化学反应,探讨碱对反应产物的影响。 试剂均为分析纯,cis-trans-[Cu(gly)_2)·H_2O按文献[2]合成。实验均在Ar气氛下进行。XRD图用岛津XD-3A型X-射线衍射仪测取,铜靶,扫描速度4°/min。定量分析根据下武:     

强碱离子交换树脂支载的反应 Ⅲ.硝基乙酸乙酯的烷基化反应研究

用凝胶和大孔强碱离子交换树脂(OH~-或CO_3~(2-))一型)作为碱性试剂通过固载化或直接反应的方法研究了硝基乙酸乙酯用溴化物烷基化制备取代的硝基乙酸乙酯的过程。结果表明,在季铵型树脂存在下,用溴化物进行烷基化时可得到C-和O-烷基化的硝基乙酸乙酯;降低反应温度,缩短反应时间,有利于制得C-烷基化的产物。用树脂固载的硝基乙酸乙酯季铵盐可得到较高产率C-烷基化产物。     

共沉淀-气固法合成Sm2Ti2S2O5催化剂及可见光制氢性能

用一种改进的共沉淀-气固反应法制备了Sm2Ti2S2O5光催化剂.通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行了表征.以甲酸为电子给体,考察了光催化剂在可见光照射下的制氧活性.研究结果表明,相对于传统的高温固相反应来说,用改进的共沉淀-气固反应法制备Sm2Ti2S2O5,能有效地降低反应温度,...     

Studies on Catalytic Conversion of Ethylene

FCC dry gas contains a large amount of ethylene.It is used by most of the refineries in China as fuel or simply burned in atmosphere.Few refineries make good use of the dry gas,so the precious ethylene resource in the dry gas is wasted.In this article,the possibility of catalytic conversion of ethylene to C_3,C_4,and some high molecular weight hydrocarbons in a fixed bed micro-reactor using LTB-1 catalyst,with pure ethylene as feedstock was studied.Effects of reaction temperature,reaction pressure,and feedstock flow rate,on the conversion of ethylene and the distribution of products were investigated to determine the proper reaction parameters to be used in practice.Good results indicate that this study may provide a new way of using the ethylene resource in the FCC dry gas.     

Regioselective enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of sophorolipid esters,amides, and multifunctional monomers

Novel enzyme-mediated synthetic routes were developed to provide a new family of sophorolipid derivatives and glycolopid-based amphiphilic monomers. These compounds are of great interest for their potential use in immunoregulation, as well as for other biological properties. In the present work, an efficient lipase-catalyzed conversion of sophorolipid ethyl ester to (a) the 6'-monoacylated derivatives using Novozym 435, (b) 6' '-monoacylated derivatives using Lipase PS-C, (c) secondary amide derivatives using Novozym 435, and (d) 6',6' '-diacylated amide derivatives using Novozym 435 in an one-pot reaction and (e) the regioselective monoacylation of an amide derivative at the 6'- and 6' '-positions using Novozym 435 and Lipase PS-C, respectively, are described. The ethyl ester produced by esterification of the sophorolipid mixture with sodium ethoxide was subjected to acylation catalyzed by Novozym 435 in dry tetrahedrofuran (THF) with vinyl acetate and vinyl methacrylate to produce 6'-monoacylated derivatives. In contrast, Lipase PS-C catalyzed acylations of sophorolipid ethyl ester in dry THF with vinyl acetate and vinyl methacrylate to give the corresponding 6'-monoacylated derivatives. Novozym 435 mediated amidation of sophorolipid ethyl ester in dry THF with phenethylamine, tyramine, p-methoxyphenethylamine, 2-(p-tolyl)ethylamine, and p-fluorophenethylamine generated the corresponding secondary amides but not tertiary amides. The formation of diacyl derivatives of amides was achieved by their treatment with vinyl acetate and vinyl methacrylate in dry THF using Novozym 435 as catalyst. The conversion of sophorolipid ethyl ester to the same diacyl derivatives of amide (i.e., both amidation and acylation) in high yield was also demonstrated in dry THF by a one-pot reaction using Novozym 435. Furthermore, regioselective monoacylation of a sophorolipid amide at 6' and 6' ' in dry THF with vinyl acetate and vinyl methacrylate using Novozym 435 and Lipase PS-C was also demonstrated.     

Reactions of Organic Ions at Ambient Surfaces in a Solvent-Free Environment

Solvent-free ion/surface chemistry is studied at atmospheric pressure, specifically pyrylium cations, are reacted at ambient surfaces with organic amines to generate pyridinium ions. The dry reagent ions were generated by electrospraying a solution of the organic salt and passing the resulting electrosprayed droplets pneumatically through a heated metal drying tube. The dry ions were then passed through an electric field in air to separate the cations from anions and direct the cations onto a gold substrate coated with an amine. This nontraditional way of manipulating polyatomic ions has provided new chemical insights, for example, the surface reaction involving dry isolated 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium cations and condensed solid-phase ethanolamine was found to produce the expected N-substituted pyridinium product ion via a pseudobase intermediate in a regiospecific fashion. In solution however, ethanolamine was observed to react through its N-centered and O-centered nucleophilic groups to generate two isomeric products via 2H-pyran intermediates. The O-centered nucleophile reacted less rapidly to give the minor product. The surface reaction product was characterized in situ by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and ex situ using mass spectrometry and H/D exchange, and found to be chemically the same as the major pyridinium solution-phase reaction product.     

The isothermal sulphation reactions of natural sorbents

The chemical reaction between sulphur dioxide and calcined limestone and dolomite particles was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser. The samples used in this study originated from different parts of Turkey. Sulphation reactions were conducted under isothermal conditions in a gaseous mixture consisting of 15 vol% CO₂, 0.35 vol% SO₂ and a balance of dry air by volume. Before sulphation all samples were completely calcined in a gaseous atmosphere of 15 vol% CO₂ and 85 vol% dry air. It was observed that the sulphation reactions of samples are very rapid in their initial stage but after some reaction time, which varies depending on sample properties and temperature, the reaction rates quickly slow down. Also, the conversion-time results of sulphation experiments showed variations depending on the sulphation temperature, sorbent type and the physical properties of calcines.     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚催化干法制备阳离子淀粉

阳离子淀粉是淀粉与阳离子试剂反应制得的一类很重要的淀粉衍生物。已广泛用于造纸、纺织、食品、油田、粘合剂、化妆品和污水处理等行业 [1 ,2 ]。阳离子淀粉传统的制备方法是溶液法 ,因反应时间长、溶剂消耗量大、产品成本高、对环境污染严重等 ,从而使产品的开发和应用受到限制。自 Caesar等 [3,4 ]发现干法制备阳离子淀粉的方法以来 ,受到了变性淀粉研究工作者的重视。在用 Na OH作催化剂 ,干法制备季铵型阳离子淀粉方面 ,国内也做了许多研究工作 ,取得了许多研究成果 [5～ 7]。岳世泰等 [8]也报道了用电磁干法制备阳离子淀粉的研究成…     

Detection of a thermally unstable intermediate in the Wittig reaction using low-temperature liquid secondary ion and atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

The signal of an extremely air sensitive and thermally unstable intermediate, four-membered ring oxaphosphetane in the Wittig reaction was detected for the first time at subambient temperature using liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS) and atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometry. A copper probe and interface were constructed to perform LSIMS analysis at the temperature below ?70 °C. A stable signal from a oxaphosphetane ion [in dry tetrahydrofolate (THF)] was obtained by LSIMS without using a viscous matrix. The signal of the oxaphosphetane was also detected using a low-temperature API source (?40 °C) connected to a reaction vessel.     

Green synthesis of banana flavor using different catalysts: a comparative study of different methods

ABSTRACT

Esterification of isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid was studied using different ion-exchange resins, namely Amberlyst 15 dry, Amberlyst 16 wet, Amberlite 120-IR. Esterification was carried out using different esterification methods that are quite new (ohmic, ultrasonic probe, and ultrasonic bath) and the results were compared with microwave-assisted esterification (MAE). The highest isoamyl acetate yield (99%) was obtained by MAE, using a mixture of acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol (mole ratio of 1:2) after 2?h of reaction time. In this process, 2% Amberlyst 15 dry was used. MAE had the least specific energy consumption (0.42?kWh/g isoamyl acetate) and specific CO₂ emission (34?g/g isoamyl acetate). According to the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy, lower amounts of Amberlyst 15 dry beads were destroyed by MAE method compared to other esterification methods. In conclusion, MAE proved to be an economic and environmentally-friendly method for esterification of different flavoring compounds.     

Fabrication of a Flexible and Disposable Microreactor Using a Dry Film Photoresist

In this paper, we demonstrate that a low‐cost flexible microreactor can be manufactured using a dry film photoresist in conjunction with photolithographic and hot roll lamination techniques. A microfluidic flow path and sample reservoir patterns were prefabricated in a dry film photoresist tape using traditional photolithographic methods. This tape was sandwiched between two plastic films ‐ wells were prepouched on the cover film — that were bonded upon passage through a hot roll laminator. A simple Plexiglas reactor holder was designed and constructed to use in evaluating the flexible microchip reactor. We demonstrate a chemical synthesis of polyaniline that was performed with this polymeric microreactor using a hydrodynamic flow control system. The fabrication of this microreactor suggests that there is great potential for designing and prototyping disposable microscale reaction systems using dry film photoresist for a range of chemical and biochemical syntheses.     

超声法合成3,4-二甲氧基-4'-羟基查尔酮

以3,4-二甲氧基-苯甲醛和对羟基苯乙酮为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,HCl气体为催化剂,在超声作用下,经Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应合成了3,4-二甲氧基-4′-羟基查尔酮。 产物结构经IR和1H NMR进行了表征,在2种原料摩尔比1∶1投料比条件下,优化的合成条件为超声输出功率240 W,反应温度30 ℃,反应时间20 min,产率达到92.1%,比传统方法反应时间短、操作简便、产率高。     

交联阳离子淀粉(DS=0.95)的干法制备及其脱色性能

在碱催化剂BZ－1存在下，以N－（2，3－环氧丙基）三甲基氯化铵（GAT）为阳离子化试剂，干法制备了交联高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉。对制得阳离子淀粉的脱色性能研究结果表明，交联高取代率阳离子淀粉对活性染料具有优异的脱色效果。