木质素磺酸钙接枝改性及其在染料废水处理中的应用

染料废水具有有机物浓度高、毒性高、COD值高、色度高、可生化性差、脱色困难、排放量大等特点,染料废水的处理是废水处理中的一大难题。目前染料废水的处理一般先通过物理、化学预脱色,破坏其发色基团,去除生物毒性,提高废水的可生化性,然后再进行生物处理。其中所用有机高分子脱色刘有合成有机高分子脱色絮凝剂如RAN—DCD、DC491等,天然有机高分子絮凝剂天     

常温常压湿式催化氧化染料废水的Mo-Cu-Fe-O新型复合催化材料

染料广泛应用于纺织厂、皮革厂以及染发等各个领域.染料废水具有成分复杂、浓度高、色度大和生物难降解等特性,因此传统的处理方法难以将其完全降解.高级氧化技术已成为国内外广泛应用的染料废水处理技术之一,特别是湿式催化氧化(CWAO)技术.然而,CWAO工艺中反应往往需要高温(通常为200-280℃)和高压(通常为2-9 MPa),制约了其广泛应用.因此,人们致力于研发具有高催化活性的催化剂,通过改变反应历程和降低反应的活化能,使反应在常温常压条件下进行.本课题组曾采用钼酸盐浸渍于Zn/Al LDHs溶液中成功制备了Mo/Zn-Al LDHs催化剂,该催化剂能在常温常压下湿式催化氧化降解阳离子红GTL有机废水.Mo/Zn-Al LDHs催化剂中Mo作为主催化成分,Zn-Al LDHs作为载体.Cu-Fe LDHs本身作为一种催化剂,与Mo相结合能有效提高催化剂的活性及稳定性,因此本文采用浸渍法制备了Mo-Cu-Fe-O新型复合催化材料,采用X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、循环伏安法和氧气程序升温脱附等表征手段研究了Mo-Cu-Fe-O材料的结构及氧化还原特性.以阳离子红GTL、结晶紫和酸性红为染料废水代表,研究了常温常压下Mo-Cu-Fe-O催化降解染料废水的催化活性.结果表明,在中性条件下Mo-Cu-Fe-O对阳离子型染料废水具有良好的催化活性.循环使用七次后该样品对阳离子红GTL和酸性红的脱色率分别达到91.5%和92.8%,然而对酸性红阴离子型染料废水基本无催化活性.在常温常压CWAO过程中产生的羟基自由基能有效降解阳离子GTL废水,其废水毒性随着反应的进行逐渐减小.     

常温常压湿式催化氧化染料废水的Mo-Cu-Fe-O新型复合催化材料（英文）

染料广泛应用于纺织厂、皮革厂以及染发等各个领域.染料废水具有成分复杂、浓度高、色度大和生物难降解等特性,因此传统的处理方法难以将其完全降解.高级氧化技术已成为国内外广泛应用的染料废水处理技术之一,特别是湿式催化氧化(CWAO)技术.然而,CWAO工艺中反应往往需要高温(通常为200-280°C)和高压(通常为2-9 MPa),制约了其广泛应用.因此,人们致力于研发具有高催化活性的催化剂,通过改变反应历程和降低反应的活化能,使反应在常温常压条件下进行.本课题组曾采用钼酸盐浸渍于Zn/Al LDHs溶液中成功制备了Mo/Zn-Al LDHs催化剂,该催化剂能在常温常压下湿式催化氧化降解阳离子红GTL有机废水.Mo/Zn-Al LDHs催化剂中Mo作为主催化成分,Zn-Al LDHs作为载体.Cu-Fe LDHs本身作为一种催化剂,与Mo相结合能有效提高催化剂的活性及稳定性,因此本文采用浸渍法制备了Mo-Cu-Fe-O新型复合催化材料,采用X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、循环伏安法和氧气程序升温脱附等表征手段研究了Mo-Cu-Fe-O材料的结构及氧化还原特性.以阳离子红GTL、结晶紫和酸性红为染料废水代表,研究了常温常压下Mo-Cu-Fe-O催化降解染料废水的催化活性.结果表明,在中性条件下Mo-Cu-Fe-O对阳离子型染料废水具有良好的催化活性.循环使用七次后该样品对阳离子红GTL和酸性红的脱色率分别达到91.5%和92.8%,然而对酸性红阴离子型染料废水基本无催化活性.在常温常压CWAO过程中产生的羟基自由基能有效降解阳离子GTL废水,其废水毒性随着反应的进行逐渐减小.     

W/W型PAM乳液对活性翠兰K-GL染料模拟废水脱色性能的研究

以明胶为稳定剂,采用分散聚合法制备了W/W型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)乳液,并与混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合研究了活性蓝K-GL染料模拟废水的处理,分别研究了W/W型PAM乳液和PAC的用量、染料浓度和模拟染料废水pH值等对絮凝沉降速度及脱色率的影响规律。研究结果表明,该复合絮凝沉降体系能有效地去除废水中的染料,体系中的明胶能提高絮凝效果及脱色率。     

双功能气凝胶吸附-降解协同处理染料废水

针对吸附法处理染料废水易产生二次污染和基于过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)的高级氧化技术降解有机污染物易受水体复杂成分影响的问题,设计构筑具有吸附和活化PMS功能的铁掺杂纤维素纳米纤维/还原氧化石墨烯气凝胶(CNFs/RGO/Fe)用于吸附-降解协同处理染料废水.CNFs/RGO/Fe对阳离子染料具有良好的选择性吸附功能,其对亚甲基蓝(MB)、罗丹明B (RhB)和结晶紫(CV)的最大吸附容量分别高达655.1 mg/g、696.5 mg/g和962.1 mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型.将吸附染料的CNFs/RGO/Fe置于PMS溶液中,可以促进PMS活化产生大量·OH,实现对吸附质的降解和气凝胶的再生.经5次吸附-降解循环后,CNFs/RGO/Fe对染料去除率仍保持在75%以上,表现出良好的重复使用性.本研究有望为去除复杂水体中有机污染物提供新思路.     

UV/乙酰丙酮法降解脱色蒽醌类染料茜素红

染料废水由于色度高,成份复杂,是一种较难处理的工业废水. 本研究以茜素红为蒽醌类染料的代表,研究了UV/乙酰丙酮（简称UV/AA）法中茜素红浓度、乙酰丙酮用量、溶液初始pH对降解脱色效率的影响. 实验结果表明,UV/AA法在中、酸性条件下对茜素红具有显著的降解脱色效果,其脱色过程符合准一级动力学,降解速率常数远高于UV/H₂O₂法. 基于溶液pH对UV/AA法脱色效果以及乙酰丙酮紫外吸收光谱的影响,推测在UV/AA法降解脱色染料的过程中起主导作用的是乙酰丙酮的烯醇式异构体. 尽管UV/AA法对总有机碳和化学耗氧量的去除率不高,但是显著提高了溶液的可生化性. 因此,UV/AA法有望作为预处理工艺与传统的生物处理法相结合,以较低的成本实现染料废水的达标处理. 这一工作为小分子双酮在染料废水处理中的应用研究提供了新的思路.     

微波-活性炭处理有机废水的研究进展

微波-活性炭技术具有选择性强、升温快、效率高、时间短、易于自动控制等特点,在有机废水处理领域应用广泛.其机理主要是"热点"理论和"羟基自由基"理论.本文主要综述了近十年来微波-活性炭处理含酚废水、焦化废水,制药废水、染料废水和其他有机废水的研究现状,并对微波-活性炭技术进行了展望.     

壳聚糖及其衍生物处理工业废水的研究进展

综述了近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在处理工业废水中的应用.壳聚糖及其衍生物可处理工业废水中的重金属离子,如Cr（Ⅵ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）等;可处理含染料的工业废水,如处理直接紫B、直接绿BE以及甲基橙等染料;还可用于处理印染、造纸和含油废水.壳聚糖及其衍生物具有易分离、可生物降解,无污染等特点,是绿色的水处理剂,且我国壳聚糖资源极为丰富,探索其在工业废水处理中的应用有着重要的价值.     

硅磁微粒/聚苯胺复合物的制备及其对染料废水的吸附-降解性能

通过水热法制备碳微球、共沉淀法制备空心Zn Fe2O4和原位聚合法制备Zn Fe2O4/Si O2/PANI复合物,并表征其结构、形貌、组成和性质.结果表明,Si O2对铁氧体的包覆能提高二元复合物对染料废水的降解性能;铁氧体与二氧化硅物质的量比(nZn Fe2O4/nSi O2)为1:3的Zn Fe2O4/Si O2复合物对染料废水具有较好的降解作用;Zn Fe2O4/Si O2/PANI复合物对染料废水的光催化降解活性随苯胺质量分数(wAn)的增加而增大,当wAn为50%时,Zn Fe2O4/Si O2/PANI复合物对染料废水去除率高达98%.样品因具有磁性而回收方便,重复使用性能良好.     

UV/H2O2/草酸铁络合物光降解偶氮蓝染料的研究

光氧化法是近年来日益受人们重视的一种治理染料废水的新方法,而现有方法光量子效率低、光能耗大、处理费用高。已有研究表明草酸铁络合物有较高的光降解效率。而在到达地面的太阳辐射中,紫外辐射只占4％左右,所以研究弱紫外辐射下光降解染料废水意义重要。本文用6W低压汞灯光源,过氧化氢．草酸铁络合物光降解水溶液中的偶氮蓝染料,考察pH值、H2O2浓度、染料浓度及光强等因素对降解结果的影响,探讨以自然光为光源催化降解偶氮蓝染料的可行性。     

Schiff碱配合物催化过氧化氢氧化苯酚的动力学研究

按照文献方法合成了钴(Ⅱ)和铁(Ⅱ)Schiff碱配合物,研究了它们作为模拟过氧化物酶在缓冲溶液中以及在三种不同的表面活性剂(CTAB,Brij35,LSS)胶束中催化过氧化氢氧化苯酚的反应,结果表明：过氧化氢／配合物物质的量比和胶束微环境对金属配合物催化过氧化氢氧化苯酚的反应有明显的影响;本文所提出的Schiff碱金属配合物催化苯酚氧化反应的机理和动力学数学模型是合理的。     

C2H4的微波场助气相光催化氧化

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了多孔性TiO     

C2H4的微波场助气相光催化氧化

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了多孔性TiO2和SO4^2-/TiO2催化剂,对其结构进行了表征,并以C2H4为模型反应物考察了微波对催化剂的光催化氧化反应性能的影响。在微波场中TiO2和SO34^2-/TiO2催化剂的光催化氧化性能得到明显改善,无微波场时乙烯转化率分别为20％（TiO2)和41％（SO4^2-/TiO2),而在微波辐射和紫外光的同时作用下乙烯转化率分别提高到27％和62％,SO4^2-／TiO2催化剂的微波场助效应更为显著。     

Microwaves in advanced oxidation processes for environmental applications. A brief review

This review article focuses, albeit non-exhaustively, on the influence of microwave radiation on photoassisted processes often referred to as Advanced Oxidation Processes. In particular, we describe and illustrate the possible advantages of microwaves in TiO₂-assisted photodegradations and photomineralizations of various organic pollutants such as herbicides and endocrine disruptors, among others. Described are also various reactor configurations involving UV/visible radiation and microwaves, with the former being supplied either by traditional Hg lamps or alternatively by electrodeless lamps activated by microwaves. To place the use of microwaves on processes occurring in aqueous TiO₂ dispersions in perspective regarding environmental applications, we first introduce the various sources of pollutants and subsequently describe in brief the various advanced oxidation processes such as UV/peroxidation, UV/ozonation and the photo-Fenton process(es) in addition to direct photolysis either by sunlight or by artificial light sources.     

Fe2O3/CNT催化湿法H2O2氧化苯酚

通过化学沉积法和热处理得到多壁碳纳米管负载Fe2O3催化剂 Fe2O3/CNT, Fe2O3的负载质量分数约为15.1%,XRD表征显示,负载的Fe2O3存在α和γ这2种晶型。考察了Fe2O3/CNT催化湿式H2O2氧化去除废水中苯酚催化性能,通过苯酚的去除率及反应过程中催化剂活性组分的溶出总量,研究了催化剂制备过程中添加聚乙烯醇对催化剂性能的影响。在苯酚和H2O2初始浓度分别为350和1 500 mg/L、催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L、温度80 ℃条件下,经过240 min的反应,苯酚去除率达100％,COD去除率为86.1％。     

Influence of the reaction conditions on the nature of the hydrogen peroxide oxidation products of furfural

UV irradiation causes no acceleration of the oxidation of furfural by hydrogen peroxide but maintains its occurrence at a uniform rate. Both with UV irradiation and without it, the oxidation of furfural by hydrogen peroxide takes place via the formation of intermediate peroxide compounds, with their subsequent conversion mainly into a mixture of -formylacrylic, maleic, and succinic acids. The ratio between the acids depends on the reaction conditions. The possibility has been shown of a directed oxidation to -formylacrylic acid.     

Characteristics of a novel UV-TiO2-microwave integrated irradiation device in decomposition processes

The efficiency of oxidation in wet decomposition procedures for organic materials can be of great importance to the quality of the analytical data from various measurement techniques. A novel, microwave-assisted, high-temperature/high-pressure UV-TiO₂ digestion procedure was developed for the accelerated decomposition of various biological samples. The technique is based on a closed, pressurized, microwave digestion apparatus (MW). UV irradiation is generated by immersed electrodeless Cd discharge lamp operated by the focused microwave field in the single polymer vessel. To enhance oxidation efficiency, a photocatalyst TiO₂ was added to the microwave heated Teflon bomb. Measures of digestion completeness were provided by the appearance of carbon content and determination of trace and minor elements, enabling a comparison of different digestion procedures and sample types. Compared with other digestion systems, unusually low residual carbon contents were obtained. For the organic compounds and biological samples digested, the residual carbon content was 1-2%, corresponding to a decomposition efficiency of 98-99%. The potential of the MW-UV-TiO₂ system was illustrated by the decomposition of four certified reference materials (serum, urine, milk, arsenobetaine solution) and subsequent determination of trace and minor elements. Recoveries between 92% and 107% were found.     

Determination of artemisinin in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line UV irradiation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection

Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug containing an internal endoperoxide linkage in its structure. A simple, selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) method for the determination of artemisinin was developed. This method is based on the fact that endoperoxide in artemisinin structure can be converted to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and the generated hydrogen peroxide can be measured using PO-CL detection. The HPLC-PO-CL system was optimized on a mobile phase, post column chemiluminescence reagent, UV source and irradiation time. In addition, the system was combined with simple liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane that allowed selective and sensitive determination of artemisinin in serum. The limit of detection using 0.5 mL of blood was 0.062 micromol/L (17.5 ng/mL) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Calibration curve obtained for artemisinin in human serum 4-80 micromol/L (1.1-22.6 microg/mL) showed a good linearity (r = 0.999).     

The electrodeless discharge lamp: a prospective tool for photochemistry: Part 3. The microwave photochemistry reactor

A simple and original microwave photochemical reactor is described in detail. It consists of an electrodeless discharge lamp placed into the reaction vessel in a modified domestic microwave oven. The microwave field generates ultraviolet radiation by the lamp at the same time when it interacts with the reaction mixture. The construction, experimental set-ups, applications, and safety precautions are discussed.     

镶嵌钨硅酸的新型有机-无机纳米复合薄膜的制备及光致变色性能研究

将超分子自组装技术与Sol-gel过程相结合,制备了镶嵌Keggin结构钨硅酸的MAAM/VTEOS/TEOS纳米复合薄膜,并采用IR,XRD和TG-DSC等方法对薄膜进行了结构表征.在复合薄膜光照变蓝后,通过UV-Vis和ESR光谱对薄膜的光致变色性能及其机理进行了研究.结果表明,钨硅酸在复合网络中仍保持Keggin结构,与有机-无机复合基体中的-NH₂通过氢键发生强烈的相互作用,经紫外光照后发生电荷转移,[SiW₁₂O₄0]₄^-被还原为[SiW₁₂O₄0]₅^-,同时产生氨基自由基.褪色过程则与氧气存在与否有关,实验结果表明,该薄膜具有良好的光致变色性能,对光有较快的响应恢复速度和良好的可逆重复性.