Microcalorimetric Study of Methanol Adsorption on Initial Silica and Silica Modified with Polyfluoroalkyl Groups

The adsorption of methanol on initial silica and modified silica samples containing large mesopores is studied by the adsorption–calorimetric method. The grafted tridecylfluoroalkyl groups have a tilted orientation on the silica and physically screen the part of the surface OH groups that have not been involved in the reaction with a modifier. Adsorbed methanol makes the modifying layer looser, thus facilitating the accessibility of methanol molecules to these hydrophilic adsorption sites. Concentrations of OH groups involved in the chemical interaction with molecules of the modifier, OH groups physically screened by its organofluoric radicals, and OH groups located on the surface areas free of the modifier are quantitatively estimated. An additional silanization of the modified silica leads to coverage of silica surface areas that are free of organofluoric modifier with trimethylsilyl radicals. The heat of interaction between the methanol molecules and silica surface hydroxyl groups is determined; it is equal to 60 kJ/mol. The structure of the modifying organofluoric layer and changes in this structure that resulted from additional silanization of the surface and from the methanol adsorption are discussed.     

吸附量热技术和多相催化微观动力学

本文介绍了多相催化研究中的吸附量热技术、多相催化微观动力学及其计算机模拟, 以及吸附量热技术在定量表征固体催化剂表面中心和在多相催化微观动力学分析中的重要作用。     

FTIR Studies of the Adsorption of Acetic Acid on Silicas

A range of cesium doped silica samples (0.15 – 0.90 mmol g^–1) have been characterized using a combination of deuterium exchange and adsorption of acetic acid. FTIR results show a strong correlation between the carboxylate formation on acetic acid adsorption and catalyst activity. Cesium loadings of > 0.3 mmol g^–1 do not give any increased acetic acid adsorption, suggesting a saturation of the silica exchange capacity. Deuterium exchange studies demonstrate that 35% of the surface silanol groups on the fresh silica are rapidly exchanged with deuterated water at room temperature.     

A Microcalorimetric Study of Water Vapor Sorption on Morphine Sulphate

Water vapor sorption on morphine sulphate was studied in a twin double sorption microcalorimeter at 25°C. The vapor sorption isotherm and the differential heats of sorption were determined simultaneously from dry condition to a water activity of 0.99. Two well resolved hydration steps were obtained on the sorption isotherm at water activities of 0.01 and 0.22 corresponding to the formation of dihydrate and pentahydrate of morphine sulphate. They were accompanied by constant values of the differential heats of sorption: –24 kJ mol^–1(H₂O) for the dihydrate formation and –10 kJ mol^–1(H₂O) for the pentahydrate formation.The calorimetrically obtained sorption isotherms were compared with the results of Karl Fisher titrations of morphine sulphate samples equilibrated at different water activities. The appearance of a liquid phase in the morphine sulphate at high water activities is discussed on the basis of the obtained differential heats of sorption and measured heat capacities of morphine sulphate at different water activities.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Microcalorimetric Study of the Interaction between Water and Cation-Substituted Clinoptilolites

Heats of ion exchange and adsorption of water vapors on cation-substituted clinoptilolites are studied by microcalorimetry. Based on the results obtained, the composition of hydrates of Na⁺, Cs⁺, Co²⁺, and Ba²⁺ ions on various ion-exchange sites of clinoptilolite is determined. Their structure is identified using the combined analysis of calorimetric and X-ray diffraction data. The usefulness of energy–stoichiometry approach to the discussion of the results of adsorption calorimetry study of the interaction between water and cation-substituted clinoptilolites is demonstrated.     

担载型铱催化剂上CO吸附量热和红外光谱研究

分别对Al2O3和SiO2担载的不同含量铱(Ir)催化剂进行了H2程序升温还原、CO微量吸附量热和红外研究.结果表明,还原后,Ir/Al2O3上存在金属态Ir0和氧化态Irδ 两种物种,CO在催化剂表面主要以线式和孪生吸附态存在,测量的CO吸附热为两种吸附形式的平均吸附热.提高还原温度和Ir担载量,Ir/Al2O3表面CO线式吸附物种的比例增加,从而导致CO吸附热值的升高.而在Ir/SiO2上Ir物种主要为金属态Ir0,CO吸附都以线式吸附为主,在所考察的条件下CO吸附热随Ir担载量和还原温度的变化不明显。     

微量热法研究燃料电池PtRu/C催化剂的CO微分吸附热

用微量热法技术测量CO的微分吸附热以探测碳负载的单金属Pt,Ru及双金属Pt-Ru催化剂的CO表面吸附位.结果表明,单金属Pt催化剂显示出最高的初始微分吸附热(q_initial=125 kJ·mol^-1);单金属Ru催化剂具有最低的初始微分吸附热(q_initial=109 kJ·mol^-1);三种双金属PtRu催化剂的初始微分吸附热(q_initial=124～112 kJ·mol^-1)界于两种单金属之间.当双金属PtRu催化剂Pt:Ru原子比为1:2时,催化剂Pt原子表面上的强CO吸附位(> 112 kJ·mol^-1)被Ru原子所覆盖而完全消失.     

三维有序大孔氨基功能化材料的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

以聚苯乙烯胶晶为模板,3-氨基-丙基-三乙氧基硅烷和正硅酸乙酯为前驱物,合成了三维有序大孔(3DOM)氨基功能化SiO2-NH2材料. SEM观察表明,合成的3DOM材料具有规则整齐的大孔通孔结构,平均孔径在535～596 nm之间,孔径收缩率为4.8%～14.5%. FTIR分析表明,材料中含有氨基等有机基团. BET分析表明,材料的比表面积为10.2 m2/g. 合成的3DOM SiO2-NH2材料对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附能力随着材料中氨基含量的增加而增大,最大吸附量为4.31 mmol/g.     

Low-Field NMR Relaxation Analysis of High-Pressure Ethane Adsorption in Mesoporous Silicas

Understanding the behaviour of short-chain hydrocarbons confined to porous solids informs the targeted extraction of natural resources from geological features, and underpins rational developments in separation, storage and catalytic conversion processes. Herein, we report the application of low-field (12.7 MHz) ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements to characterise ethane dynamics within mesoporous silica materials exhibiting mean pore diameters between 6 and 50 nm. Our measurements provide NMR-based adsorption isotherms within the range 25–50 bar and at ambient temperature, incorporating the ethane condensation point (40.7 bar at our experimental temperature of 23.6 °C). The quantitative nature of the acquired data is validated via a direct comparison of NMR-derived excess adsorption capacities with ex situ gravimetric ethane adsorption measurements, which are demonstrated to agree to within 0.2 mmol g⁻¹ of the observed ethane capacity. NMR relaxation time distributions are further demonstrated as a means to decouple interparticle and mesopore dominated adsorption phenomena, with unexpectedly rapid relaxation rates associated with interparticle ethane gas confirmed via a direct comparison with NMR self-diffusion analysis.     

The Adsorption of Saturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Vapors on Silicas with Chemically Grafted Perfluorohexyl Groups

Regardless of the nature of the modifier (mono-, bi-, and trichlorosilanes with perfluorohexyl groups or monochlorooctylsilane), the modification of silica decreased retention volumes and adsorption values of both n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The entropy factor can play a key role in adsorption intermolecular interactions on the surface of chemically modified silicas. The modification of the surface with bi- and trichloroperfluorohexylsilanes caused the appearance of new centers more active compared with those of the initial carrier. The most oleophobic and nonpolar coatings were obtained using monochlorosilane with perfluorohexyl groups as a modifier.     

微量吸附量热技术研究Pd-Cu/SiO2的表面吸附

应用微量吸附量热技术研究了室温Ｈ２,ＣＯ,Ｏ２和Ｃ２Ｈ４在ｍ（Ｐｄ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）＝２％,ｍ（Ｐｄ,Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）「ｎ（Ｐｄ）／ｎ（Ｃｕ）＝１／１」＝２％,ｍ（Ｐｄ,Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）「ｎ（Ｐｄ）／ｎ（Ｃｕ＝１／４」＝２％和ｍ（Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）＝８％催化剂表面的吸附性能,并考察了Ｏ２对Ｃ２Ｈ４吸附性能的影响,结果表明,Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２具有与Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２数量相近的表面Ｐｄ原子,加入Ｃｕ可使Ｐｄ对Ｈ２和ＣＯ的强吸附位数目相对减少,弱吸附位数目相对增加Ｐｄ增加了Ｈ２在Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂表面的吸附量,加速了Ｏ２在Ｃｕ表面的吸附速率,Ｐｄ原子和Ｃｕ原子在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２混合均匀且分散良好,乙烯在Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２表面吸附有乙川,ｄｉ－σ和π吸附态。Ｃｕ的加入可抑制乙类在Ｐｄ表面吸附氧发生氧化反     

Co/SiO2催化剂的表征和吸附量热研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Co/S iO2系列的担载型催化剂,采用SBET、TPR、XRD、O2滴定及室温H2、O2、CO和C2H4微量吸附量热等技术进行了研究.结果表明:Co很好分散,S iO2的含量越高,样品的SBET越大;Co是经由Co3 →Co2 →Co0的还原过程;Co/S iO2系列催化剂上,CO、H2、O2和C2H4的初始吸附热数值均比较接近、饱和覆盖度以50Co/50S iO2最高,O2为多层吸附而H2、CO和C2H4为单层吸附,CO为线式吸附并发生歧化反应生成了C和CO2,C2H4吸附解离生成了H2、乙川(C2H3)和C2H6.     

B-P-O系催化剂表面酸性的吸附量热研究

制备了不同P／B比的W-P-O系催化剂，XRD和Raman光谱表明各样品中P和B都处于四面体结构中，但Raman光谱显示P／B＜1的样品表面有B的三配位物相B2O3。存在．用吸附量热法考察了NH3、H2O及二甲醚（DME）等探针分子的吸附行为，研究了样品的表面酸性，NH3在P／B＞1的样品上发生解离吸附，而在P／B＜1的样品上，其起始吸附热与在γ-Al2O3上的相似．进一步的研究表明，二甲醚可以作为合适的探针分子表征B-P-O系催化剂的表面酸性．     

厌氧菌生长代谢的微量量热学研究

本世纪七十年代厌氧细菌学的崛起，是近代微生物学的重要进展山．它揭示了一个前所未知或知之不多的微生物世界．在人的皮肤和粘膜表面寄生着几百种、数以亿万计的细菌，它们中绝大多数在有氧的条件下不能生长繁殖，故称为厌氧菌．厌氧细菌学的出现，引起了医务工作者的高度重视．十多年来，积累了大量资料，为医学中的微生物学、免疫学、传染病学、流行病学甚至许多临床学科，增添了新的知识，对厌氧菌的感染，用目前医院的常规细菌培养方法不能检出，用常用的抗生素治疗，也常无效．它是临床上许多疑难杂症迁延不愈和反复发作的重要原因之…     

高灵敏宽温区吸附热测定装置的建立

 描述了一个适于气／固体系的宽温区、高灵敏的微分吸附热测定装置．在该装置中，吸附放热由Setaram公司热流式微量热量计测定，吸附量由MKS公司电容式压力传感器测定．此外，设计、制作了可在高真空和宽温区内进行吸附热测定的试样池以及对高活泼金属催化剂进行预处理的试样处理池．用标准物质对热量计进行了标定．为验证该装置对吸附热测定的可靠性，测定了H2在Pt／SiO2和γ－Mo2N上的吸附热，所得结果与文献值一致．数据的误差分析结果表明，吸附热测定的相对误差在4％以内．     

Microcalorimetric Study on Tyrosine Oxidation Catalyzed by Tyrosinase

At present, several methods are available for kinetic studies of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, but study on the reaction of Pseudomonas maltophilia tyrosiase by microcalorimetry has not been reported yet. Tyrosinase, ecoded by mel gene, is copper-containing enzyme, which can catalyze and oxidize tyrosine L-dopa to melanin. It exists in the organism of fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria, gymnosperms, angiosperms, insects, chordata, mammals, and human etc.. Tyrosinase from different source has differ…     

微量量热法研究淀粉酶催化反应

酶催化水解反应;热动力学;微量量热法研究淀粉酶催化反应     

细胞呼吸爆发的微量量热学研究

The heat production of Wistar rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was measured by an LKB 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. When PMN were activited with phorbol-12-myristate13-acetate (PMA), the respiratory burst was recorded by greatly incr eased heat production. Experiment was also carred out in the present of the inhibitor, Total Flavonoids of Lycium Barbarum L. (TFL). The respiratory burst heat production peak was disappeared, but the heat production curve was higher than that of PMA because TFL increased the metabolic activities of PMN.