Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox超导体高温电阻率的研究

研究了高温热处理对BPSCCO-2223超导体高温电阻率的影响，观察到电阻率的奇异变化．实验结果表明，高温氮气退火，除Bi-O层外，Cu-O层也发生脱氧，同时伴随金属离子的运动．氧含量和氧重布及金属离子的运动引起了BPSCCO-2223相微结构的多样性． 关键词：     

固相反应时Bi1.92Pb0.32Sr2Ca1.7Mg0.3Cu3.07Ox超导体中2223相的生长

用固相反应法合成了名义组分为Bi_1.92Pb_0.32Sr₂Ca_1.7Mg_0.3Cu_3.07O_x的块状样品。X射线衍射谱(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子探计X射线分析(EDAX)结果以及块状和粉状试样的交流磁化率测量表明,样品中存在110和85K两个超导相;2223相(110K)首先在2212相(85K)晶体的晶界和外部区域生成。本文认为,最初存 关键词：     

Bi系超导体高Tc相的形成机制

本文研究Bi系超导体高T_c(2223)相的形成机制。提出Bi系氧化物超导体高T_c相的形成过程是:首先Sr-Ca-Cu氧化物(Ca_0.85Sr_0.15CuO₂)与低T_c(2212)相反应形成高T_c相的核,然后样品内2223相核通过象结晶学中晶体生长那样的方式长大成2223相晶粒。2223相成核过程中Sr-Ca-Cu氧化物的形成途径有两条:一条是通过固相反应 关键词：     

零电阻为106.5K的单相超导化合物Bi1.65Pb0.35Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy的制备与超导电性

采用固相反应法合成了名义组份为Bi_2-xPb_xSr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_y (x=0.30;0.35;0.40;0.45)的样品。对样品进行了物相和结构分析,同时测量了电阻-温度关系和直流磁化率。结果表明:x=0.35的样品为单相材料,X射线相分析和电子衍射表明其相结构类似2223相,为四方结构,其晶格常数为a=b=5.414?,c=37.106?,且沿a,b两个方向都观察到调制结构。电阻和直流磁化率测量结果显示:在温度高于50K以上,仅存在一个107K超导相。此外,单相材料的制备条件(组分、烧结温度、室温下淬火及淬火速率)非常苛刻。如同1-2-3相材料一样,氧含量不仅影响样品的成相规律、零电阻温度,而且还严重影响其正常态的输运性质。 关键词：     

Formation of the (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δphase: reaction mechanism and kinetics

In order to elucidate the formation mechanism of the Bi, Pb(2223) phase, extensive investigations have been performed by means of combined differential thermal analysis and thermo-gravimetric measurements, X-ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis.Starting from co-precipitated oxalate powders, the transformations leading to the formation of the Bi, Pb(2223) phase were studied. Based on these investigations the Bi,  Pb(2223) phase formation process, involving the Bi, Pb(2212), Ca₂PbO₄and alkaline-earth cuprate phases as precursors has been separated into elemental steps. A new model for the formation mechanism of the Bi, Pb(2223) phase will be presented.The Bi, Pb(2223) phase formation kinetics has been studied using the Avrami relation for isothermal phase transformations. The analysis of the Bi, Pb(2223) phase evolution revealed a marked change of the Avrami exponent during the course of the Bi, Pb(2223) phase formation after about 12 hours sintering at 857 ° C.The activation energy for the formation of the Bi, Pb(2223) phase has been determined under various experimental conditions. The nominal composition of the precursor powders, the temperature at which they were calcined as well as the size of their constituents were found to have a significant influence on the value of the activation energy.     

Studies on fabrication of Ag/Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10/CdSe heterostructures with electrochemical technique

The Ag/Tl₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀/CdSe heterostructure was fabricated at room temperature by soft electrochemical processing technique for the first time. The formation of the heterostructure with non-diffusive interfaces was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The crystallite sizes determined for Tl-2223 and CdSe films were 33 nm and 25 nm, respectively. The Tl₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ film electrodeposited onto Ag-substrate has shown the superconducting transition temperature T_c at 116.5 K and J_c = 2.1 × 10³ A/cm². These values were found to improve after the deposition of CdSe onto Ag/Tl-2223 films. The effect of red He-Ne laser irradiation on the superconducting properties of heterostructure are studied and discussed at length in this paper.     

(Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy单相样品的超导电性与载流子浓度

对(Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_y单相样品进行不同条件下的热处理,通过X射线衍射、电阻-温度关系、交流磁化率,以及Hall系数等测量,发现样品均具有较好的单相性,随着热处理条件的变化,其超导转变中点温度(T_c)有规律地分布在100—110K之间,T_c随载流子浓度(n_H)的增加而升高。实验结果表明,热处理条件对样品的相结构、超导 关键词：     

Growth kinetics and morphological transformation of Bi-2223 crystals

Avrami’s equation was found to be the best kinetics theory to describe the high-T_c Bi-2223 crystal formation so far. There are three parameters (exponential index n, activation energy E and parameter k) in the equation. A series of research works have been done on the determination of parameters n and E, but few on another parameter k are to be found. The purpose of the approach was to determine and study the role of k in the formation of Bi-2223 crystals. The analysis in the research showed that the parameter k could describe the exhausting speed of reactants, and determine reaction probability and mean lifetime of reactants. The growth mechanism of the 2223 polycrystals was found to show some differences from the prediction of the Avrami’s theory model. At the initial duration, the 2223 crystal growth was much lower than the theoretical prediction; especially there was a mature duration to be found at the last growth duration, at which the 2223 crystal almost did not increase, but its crystal grains obviously became larger. This was a typical morphological transformation. The morphological transformation was the first time to be reported for the growth of the 2223 phase.     

Sb5+和Sb3+在新的高温相形成中的作用

本文通过比较Sb⁵⁺和Sb³⁺样品的R-T曲线及X射线衍射谱,讨论了Sb⁵⁺和Sb³⁺在新的高温相中的作用。发现Sb³⁺替代Bi时形成了2223结构,而Sb⁵⁺替代Bi时却形成了一种新的高温相。 关键词：     

Atmospheric reactive plasma sprayed Fe-Al2O3-FeAl2O4 composite coating and its property evaluation

In the present study, Fe-Al₂O₃-FeAl₂O₄ composite coatings were successfully deposited by reactive plasma sprayed Al/Fe₂O₃ agglomerated powder. Phase composition and microstructure of the coatings were determined by XRD and SEM. The results indicated that the composite coatings were principally composed of three different phases, i.e. FeAl₂O₄ phase as main framework, dispersed ball-like Fe-rich phase, and small splats of Al₂O₃ phase, and it was thought that the in situ synthesized metal phase was helpful to toughen the coating matrix. According to the results of the indentation and frictional wear tests, the composite coating exhibited excellent toughness and anti-friction properties in comparison with conventional Al₂O₃ monophase coating, though its microhardness value was a little lower than that of Al₂O₃ coating. The formation mechanism and the toughening mechanism of the composite coating were clarified in detail.     

Reactivity and oxygen diffusion property of resistive barriers for Bi-2223/Ag tapes

Reactivity of several oxide materials (OM) with BSCCO powder and oxygen diffusion through OM layer has been tested at temperature ≈840 °C in air. The OM (e.g.: BaZrO₃, SrCO₃, MgO and ZrO₂) showing the low or no reactivity with BSCCO have been mixed (10 wt.%) with precursor powder and used for single-core tapes. Bi-2223/Ag/OM/Ag single-core tapes with oxide barriers made of BaZrO₃, SrCO₃, ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ have been also prepared by a standard powder-in-tube technique. The used OM in the direct contact with BSCCO influences the electrical properties of Bi-2223 phase differently. These is because the oxides react with BSCCO during the heat treatment and simultaneously affect the 2212→2223 phase transformation, the Bi-2223 grain growth and so also grain connectivity. SrCO₃ powder has been evaluated as the best material from the point of no destructive effect on 2223 phase transport current property. The oxide barrier controls the oxygen diffusion during the tape heat treatment and simultaneously the HTS phase formation kinetics, its purity and content within the superconducting core. For single-core Bi-2223/Ag/OM/Ag tapes, the highest current density was measured for Al₂O₃ due to only slightly reduced oxygen diffusion through the barrier.     

Vibrational study of H3OUO2PO4·3 H2O (HUP) and related compounds. Phase transitions and conductivity mechanism: Part II,H3OUO2PO4·3 H2O

Infrared and Raman spectra of polycrystalline H₃OUO₂PO₄·3 H₂O (HUP) and its D and P¹⁸O₄ derivatives, in the form of dense transparent disks and wet powder, have been investigated at various temperatures in the 100–300 K region. The bands due to framework vibrations are similar to those of KUP, whereas those for the protonic species are different. OH stretching and bending bands of the oxonium ion have been identified at 2920, 1740 and 1160 cm^?1 in the low-temperature spectrum of HUP. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) intensity investigations show a phase transition between 274 and 260 K. The mechanism of the phase transition consists, as in the case of KUP, of ordering of the protonic species, which induces ordering of PO₄ tetrahedra. The ordering can be influenced by excess water content, stacking faults and stress (ferroelastic behaviour is evidenced). The conductivity mechanism in HUP is discussed.     

Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O体系中的单斜相与掺Ba效应的研究

采用固相反应法合成名义组份为Bi₂Sr₂Ca_1-xBa_xCu₂O_y(A),Bi_1.7Pb_0.3Sr₂Ca_2-xBa_xCu₃O_y(B)的样品。此样品的物相和结构分析表明:在Bi系中存在着一种新的单斜相,其晶胞参量为a=24.8 关键词：     

Analysis of the DC and AC behaviour of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes arranged in z-stack configuration

The DC and AC behaviour of Ag-sheathed Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x(BSCCO-2223) tapes, arranged in a z-stack configuration, are investigated. The number of tapes in the stack can be varied, from one (single tape) to four, as well as the inter-tape separation. Tapes are isolated and connected in series to ensure a uniform current distribution among the tapes. The critical currents and the average AC losses per tape as a function of the transport current are measured. By increasing the number of tapes or/and reducing the separation between them, the critical current of each tape is decreased while the average losses are increased. Tapes in a stack are found to be electromagnetically coupled, the degree of this coupling being dependent on the separation among them. Theoretical models are provided to explain the experimental results.     

Ba2(Cu0.7Cd0.3)O3: a new double-center perovskite structure

A new phase of Ba₂(Cu_0.7Cd_0.3)O₃ has been discovered. The composition of the phase was examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The phase exhibits a tetragonal structure with lattice constants a=4.077 Å and c=7.970 Å, and its space group is P4/mmm. We propose a double-center-perovskite structure model, which is similar to that of (Ba, Sr)₂CuO₂(CO₃) [1, 2]. The simulated XRD is close to the observed one. The analysis results of elemental analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer reveal that the phase does not contain CO . The cuprate is an insulator, but its new cell structure and the large size of the CuO₂ planes seem to suggest a good reason for researching new superconductors. The roles of CdO in the solid state reaction and the formation of the new phase are discussed.     

Comparative photoemission study of Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2O8+y and Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+y

The electronic structure of Bi-based 2223 single phase superconductor has been studied by ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission. By comparison with that of 2212 phase superconductor, we find a higher density of states nearE _F for 2223 phase. From analysis of the Cu 2p core-level spectroscopy, we obtain a relatively smaller charge transfer energy between copper and oxygen as well as the Coulomb repulsion energy on Cu site for 2223 phase. We relate these changes to the increase of hole concentration from 2212 to 2223 phase. The experimental results support the viewpoint that the transition temperature should be correlated with the density of states atE _F .     

First-principles investigation of Mg2Ni phase and high/low temperature Mg2NiH4 complex hydrides

Using a density functional approach calculation, the structural, energetic and electronic properties of Mg₂Ni phase as well as its high/low temperature (HT/LT)-Mg₂NiH₄ complex hydrides are systematically investigated. The optimized structural parameters including lattice constants and atomic positions are very close to the experimental data determined from X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. A detailed study of the electronic structures including the energy band, density of states (DOS) and charge density distribution reveals the orbital hybridization and characteristics of bonding orbits within Mg₂Ni and its hydrides. Based on the calculated results of the reaction heat of hydrogenation, enthalpy of formation and energy cost to remove H atoms, it is found that the formation ability of LT-Mg₂NiH₄ is higher than that of the HT phase during the hydrogenation of Mg₂Ni alloy; moreover, LT-Mg₂NiH₄ has a relatively higher structural stability than HT phase, which is also well explained through the DOS and the charge distributions of HT/LT-Mg₂NiH₄ phases.     

In situ pressure-induced solid-state amorphization in Sm2(MoO4)3, Eu2(MoO4)3 and Gd2(MoO4)3 crystals: chemical decomposition scenario

The effect of pressure on the phase transformations in Sm₂(MoO₄)₃, Gd₂(MoO₄)₃ and Eu₂(MoO₄)₃ crystals has been studied in situ using synchrotron radiation. All three isostructural compounds undergo a structural phase transition at 2.2-2.8 GPa to a new phase, which is interpreted as a possible precursor of amorphization. Amorphization in these crystals occurs irreversibly over a wide pressure range, and its mechanism, interpreted as a chemical decomposition, is found to be weakly affected by the degree of hydrostaticity.     

Polarized infrared reflectivity study of an oriented ceramic of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 + δ (Bi-2223)

The reflectivity spectra of an oriented ceramic of Bi-2223 has been investigated by polarized infrared reflectivity spectroscopy in the energy range 0.005-2.2 eV. It is shown that the data for the polarization parallel to the c axis cannot be fitted with a one-component Drude or extended-Drude model. The conductivity spectrum is then obtained from the best fit of a “double-damping Drude” model to reflectivity spectra, itself derived from the factorized form of the dielectric function, and by a Kramers-Kronig inversion as well. The data and their analysis give a new insight of the 2D character of the system. Received 26 April 2001 and Received in final form 28 August 2001     

Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2Ca2.2Cu3Oy的磁通运动与临界电流特征

制备了银包套的Bi_1.8Pb_0.4Sr₂Ca_2.2Cu₃O_y带材。微结构观察证明样品是高度织构化的Bi2223单相。输运测量发现J_c(T,B,θ,φ)和R(T,B,θ,φ)均与θ有关,与φ无关(T=77K,B<1T),式中的θ和φ分别表示磁场与ab面和电流的夹角。求得了磁通运动的激活能。提出了热激活磁通弯结的形成与运动模型,并用London理论计算了弯结 关键词：