Lyapunov and LMI analysis and feedback control of border collision bifurcations

Feedback control of piecewise smooth discrete-time systems that undergo border collision bifurcations is considered. These bifurcations occur when a fixed point or a periodic orbit of a piecewise smooth system crosses or collides with the border between two regions of smooth operation as a system parameter is quasistatically varied. The class of systems studied is piecewise smooth maps that depend on a parameter, where the system dimension n can take any value. The goal of the control effort in this work is to replace the bifurcation so that in the closed-loop system, the steady state remains locally attracting and locally unique (“nonbifurcation with persistent stability”). To achieve this, Lyapunov and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques are used to derive a sufficient condition for nonbifurcation with persistent stability. The derived condition is stated in terms of LMIs. This condition is then used as a basis for the design of feedback controls to eliminate border collision bifurcations in piecewise smooth maps and to produce the desirable behavior noted earlier. Numerical examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control techniques are given.     

Elucidating the escape dynamics of the four hill potential

This paper treads discontinuous bifurcation in piecewise smooth systems of Filippov type. These bifurcations occur when a fixed point or a periodic orbit crosses with the border between two regions of smooth behavior. A detailed analysis of generalization Poincaré map and monodromy matrix which are related shows that subfamily of system with invariant cone-like objects is foliated by periodic orbits and determines its stability. In addition, we introduce a theoretical framework for analyzing 3D perturbed nonlinear piecewise smooth systems and give necessary conditions so that different types of bifurcations occur. The analysis identifies criteria for the existence of a novel bifurcation based on sensitively the location of the return map. Moreover, the piecewise smooth Melnikov function and sufficient conditions of the existence of the periodic orbits for nonlinear perturbed system are explicitly obtained.     

Periodic Orbits for Planar Piecewise Smooth Systems with a Line of Discontinuity

In this work we examine the existence of periodic orbits for planar piecewise smooth dynamical systems with a line of discontinuity. Unlike existing works, we consider the case where the line does not contain the equilibrium point. Most of the analysis is for a family of piecewise linear systems, and we discover new phenomena which produce the birth of periodic orbits, as well as new bifurcation phenomena of the periodic orbits themselves. A model nonlinear piecewise smooth systems is examined as well.     

Border collision bifurcations in 3D piecewise smooth chaotic circuit

A variety of border collision bifurcations in a three-dimensional (3D) piecewise smooth chaotic electrical circuit are investigated. The existence and stability of the equilibrium points are analyzed. It is found that there are two kinds of non-smooth fold bifurcations. The existence of periodic orbits is also proved to show the occurrence of non-smooth Hopf bifurcations. As a composite of non-smooth fold and Hopf bifurcations, the multiple crossing bifurcation is studied by the generalized Jacobian matrix. Some interesting phenomena which cannot occur in smooth bifurcations are also considered.     

Non-observable chaos in piecewise smooth systems

In the present paper, we discuss bifurcations of chaotic attractors in piecewise smooth one-dimensional maps with a high number of switching manifolds. As an example, we consider models of DC/AC power electronic converters (inverters). We demonstrate that chaotic attractors in the considered class of models may contain parts of a very low density, which are unlikely to be observed, neither in physical experiments nor in numerical simulations. We explain how the usual bifurcations of chaotic attractors (merging, expansion and final bifurcations) in piecewise smooth maps with a high number of switching manifolds occur in a specific way, involving low-density parts of attractors, and how this leads to an unusual shape of the bifurcation diagrams.     

一类非光滑映射的边界碰撞分岔

对于一类分段映射讨论了非线性幂次z导致的不同非光滑性, 推导了周期n 解的边界碰撞分岔及光滑flip和fold 分岔条件. 通过数值仿真验证了这些分岔条件的正确性, 发现存在稳定周期窗的加周期分岔序列是非光滑映射的一个普遍现象, 根本原因在于边界碰撞分岔和光滑flip 或fold 分岔相互作用. 当z取值不同分岔序列有很大的不同, 而参数γ 对于分岔序列的结构影响不大, 因此令参数γ=0 可简化映射的参数分析.     

一类双自由度碰振系统运动分析

基于Poincare映射方法对一类两自由度碰撞系统进行了分析。经过详细的理论演算得到单碰周期n的次谐运动的存在性判据和稳定性条件,给出计算Jacobi矩阵特征值的公式。数值模拟表明,该方法具有令人满意的结果。此外,还讨论了当不满足所提出的单碰周期n次谐运动的存在性条件时,可能会出现的运动形式。     

On the Chaotic Behaviour of Discontinuous Systems

We follow a functional analytic approach to study the problem of chaotic behaviour in time-perturbed discontinuous systems whose unperturbed part has a piecewise C ¹ homoclinic solution that crosses transversally the discontinuity manifold. We show that if a certain Melnikov function has a simple zero at some point, then the system has solutions that behave chaotically. Application of this result to quasi periodic systems are also given.     

Analytical period-3 motions to chaos in a hardening Duffing oscillator

In this paper, bifurcation trees of period-3 motions to chaos in the periodically forced, hardening Duffing oscillator are investigated analytically. Analytical solutions for period-3 and period-6 motions are used for the bifurcation trees of period-3 motions to chaos. Such bifurcation trees are based on the Hopf bifurcations of asymmetric period-3 motions. In addition, an independent symmetric period-3 motion without imbedding in chaos is discovered, and such a symmetric period-3 motion possesses saddle-node bifurcations only. The switching of symmetric to asymmetric period-3 motions is completed through saddle-node bifurcations, and the onset of asymmetric period-6 motions occurs at the Hopf bifurcations of asymmetric period-3 motions. Continuously, the onset of period-12 motions is at the Hopf bifurcation of asymmetric period-6 motions. With such bifurcation trees, the chaotic motions relative to asymmetric period-3 motions can be determined analytically. This investigation provides a systematic way to study analytical dynamics of chaos relative to period-m motions in nonlinear dynamical systems.     

Quantitative methodology for stability analysis of nonlinear rotor systems

IntroductionRotor-bearings systems applied widely in industry are nonlinear dynamic systems of multi-degree-of-freedom.Synchronous vibration is its typical motion under unavoidable unbalance.Subharmonic,quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations,caused by the …     

Transition waves in bistable structures. II. Analytical solution: wave speed and energy dissipation

We consider dynamics of chains of rigid masses connected by links described by irreversible, piecewise linear constitutive relation: the force-elongation diagram consists of two stable branches with a jump discontinuity at the transition point. The transition from one stable state to the other propagates along the chain and excites a complex system of waves. In the first part of the paper (Cherkaev et al., 2004, Transition waves in bistable structures. I. Delocalization of damage), the branches could be separated by a gap where the tensile force is zero, the transition wave was treated as a wave of partial damage. Here we assume that there is no zero-force gap between the branches. This allows us to obtain steady-state analytical solutions for a general piecewise linear trimeric diagram with parallel and nonparallel branches and an arbitrary jump at the transition. We derive necessary conditions for the existence of the transition waves and compute the speed of the wave. We also determine the energy of dissipation which can be significantly increased in a structure characterized by a nonlinear discontinuous constitutive relation. The considered chain model reveals some phenomena typical for waves of failure or crushing in constructions and materials under collision, waves in a structure specially designed as a dynamic energy absorber and waves of phase transitions in artificial and natural passive and active systems.     

Types of Bifurcations of FitzHugh–Nagumo Maps

The FitzHugh–Nagumo-like systems are of fundamental importance to the understanding of the qualitative nature of nerve impulse propagation. Our work provides a numerical investigation of bifurcations associated with a family of piecewise differentiable canonical maps for a planar FitzHugh–Nagumo system. We describe the bifurcation structure of the maps with the variation of the parameters.     

Occurrence of multiple attractor bifurcations in the two-dimensional piecewise linear normal form map

Multiple attractor bifurcations occurring in piecewise smooth dynamical systems may lead to potentially damaging situations. In order to avoid these in physical systems, it is necessary to know their conditions of occurrence. Using the piecewise-linear 2D normal form, we investigate which types of multiple attractor bifurcations may occur and where in the parameter space they can be expected. For piecewise smooth maps, multiple attractor bifurcations will be expected to occur if the condition we identified for the piecewise-linear 2D normal form are satisfied in the close neighborhood of the border.     

Diversity and transition characteristics of sticking and non-sticking periodic impact motions of periodically forced impact systems with large dissipation

A forced vibration system with dual bodies and an endstop is considered in this paper. A large energy loss is considered as one of the mass blocks of the system hits the endstop, and the impact associated with the large energy loss is first assumed to be completely plastic. The plastic impact may bring about the occurrence of the sticking phase, which is equivalent to a change in the structure of the forced vibration system at a certain stage after the impact. The incidence relation between dynamical characteristics and model parameters is studied through the multi-target and multi-parameter collaborative simulation analysis for determining the reasonable matching range of parameters. Pattern types, occurrence regions, distribution regularities and bifurcation characteristics of periodic and subharmonic impact vibrations are presented on a series of parameter planes. The key features of Poincaré mapping, associated with the plastic impacts, are primarily manifested in piecewise continuity caused by sliding bifurcation and grazing discontinuity induced by grazing bifurcation. Integrative effects of these two nonstandard bifurcations can bring about some abnormal transitions to occur. The large dissipation case associated with small collision recovery coefficient is briefly analyzed, and the induced mechanism of chatter-sticking motion and the incidence relation between the sticking characteristics and the restitution coefficient R are discussed. The nonstandard dynamic characteristics associated with the plastic impacts are further demonstrated by dynamic mechanical behaviors of two practical impact machines applied in engineering.     

Bifurcation of Limit Cycles from a Polynomial Non-global Center

Consider the planar ordinary differential equation , where the set consists of k non-zero points. In this paper we perturb this vector field with a general polynomial perturbation of degree n and study how many limit cycles bifurcate from the period annulus of the origin in terms of k and n. One of the key points of our approach is that the Abelian integral that controls the bifurcation can be explicitly obtained as an application of the integral representation formula of harmonic functions through the Poisson kernel. Dedicated to Professor Zhifen Zhang on the occasion of her 80th birthday     

A non‐conforming least‐squares finite element method for incompressible fluid flow problems

In this paper, we develop least‐squares finite element methods (LSFEMs) for incompressible fluid flows with improved mass conservation. Specifically, we formulate a new locally conservative LSFEM for the velocity–vorticity–pressure Stokes system, which uses a piecewise divergence‐free basis for the velocity and standard C⁰ elements for the vorticity and the pressure. The new method, which we term dV‐VP improves upon our previous discontinuous stream‐function formulation in several ways. The use of a velocity basis, instead of a stream function, simplifies the imposition and implementation of the velocity boundary condition, and eliminates second‐order terms from the least‐squares functional. Moreover, the size of the resulting discrete problem is reduced because the piecewise solenoidal velocity element is approximately one‐half of the dimension of a stream‐function element of equal accuracy. In two dimensions, the discontinuous stream‐function LSFEM [1] motivates modification of our functional, which further improves the conservation of mass. We briefly discuss the extension of this modification to three dimensions. Computational studies demonstrate that the new formulation achieves optimal convergence rates and yields high conservation of mass. We also propose a simple diagonal preconditioner for the dV‐VP formulation, which significantly reduces the condition number of the LSFEM problem. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

Limit cycles in a family of discontinuous piecewise linear differential systems with two zones in the plane

In this paper we study the existence of limit cycles in a one-parameter family of discontinuous piecewise linear differential systems with two zones in the plane. It is characterized for all the parameter values the number of non-sliding limit cycles of the family studied, detecting a rather non-generic bifurcation leading to the simultaneous generation of three limit cycles.     

The Modeling of Deformable Bodies with Frictionless (Self-)Contacts

We propose a mathematical model for m-dimensional deformable bodies moving in , that allows for frictionless contacts or self-contacts while forbidding transversal (self-)intersection. To this end, a topological constraint is imposed to the set of admissible deformations. We restrict our analysis to the static case (although the dynamic case is briefly addressed at the end of the article). In this case, no transversal self-intersection can occur as long as 2m < n, so our modeling is mainly designed to handle the case . For nonlinear hyperelastic bodies, we prove the existence of at least one minimizer of the energy on the set of admissible deformations, under suitable assumptions on the stored energy function. Moreover, for certain choices of m and n, under regularity assumptions on the minimizers, the solutions of the minimization problem satisfy Euler–Lagrange equations.     

Fractal basin boundaries in a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system

The final state for nonlinear systems with multiple attractors may become unpredictable as a result of homoclinic or heteroclinic bifurcations. The fractal basin boundaries due to such bifurcations for a four-well, two-degree-of-freedom, nonlinear oscillator under sinusoidal forcing have been studied, based on a theory of homoclinic bifurcation inn-dimensional vector space developed by Palmer. Numerical simulation is used as a means of demonstrating the consequences of the system dynamics when the bifurcations occur, and it is shown that the basin boundaries in the configuration space (x, y) become fractal near the critical value of the heteroclinic bifurcations.     

Periodic and Chaotic Motions of a Rotor-Active Magnetic Bearing with Quadratic and Cubic Terms and Time-Varying Stiffness

In this paper, we use the asymptotic perturbation method to investigate nonlinear oscillations and chaotic dynamics in a rotor-active magnetic bearings (AMB) system with 8-pole legs and the time-varying stiffness. The stiffness in the AMB is considered as the time varying in a periodic form. Because of considering the weight of the rotor, the formulation on the electromagnetic force resultants includes the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. The resulting dimensionless equations of motion for the rotor-AMB system with the time-varying stiffness in the horizontal and vertical directions are a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear system with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities and parametric excitation. The asymptotic perturbation method is used to obtain the averaged equations in the case of primary parametric resonance and 1/2 subharmonic resonance. It is found that there exist period-3, period-4, period-6, period-7, period-8, quasiperiodic and chaotic modulated amplitude oscillations in the rotor-AMB system with the time-varying stiffness. It is seen from the numerical results that there are the phenomena of the multiple solutions and the soft-spring type and the hardening-spring type in nonlinear frequency-response curves for the rotor-AMB system. The parametric excitation, or the time-varying stiffness produced by the PD controller is considered to be a controlling force which can control the chaotic response in the rotor-AMB system to a period n motion.