Ga3+对Ce3+光致发光的影响

研究了Ｇａ３＋在ＳｒＳ∶Ｃｅ和ＳｒＧａ２Ｓ４∶Ｃｅ薄膜电致发光（ＴＦＥＬ）材料中的作用及其对Ｃｅ３＋发光特性的影响。在ＳｒＳ中掺入Ｇａ２Ｓ３并烧结，发现Ｇａ３＋的浓度增加时，Ｃｅ３＋的发光显著向短波方向移动，激发谱中对应于ＳｒＳ带间吸收的激发峰相对减弱，而对应于Ｃｅ３＋的基态到激发态跃迁的激发效率相对提高，并出现逐渐增强的ＳｒＧａ２Ｓ４的带间吸收。Ｇａ３＋的引入使Ｃｅ３＋周围的配位场发生变化，相应的能级分布有所改变，Ｓｒ２＋离子性的增强和Ｃｅ３＋－Ｃｅ３＋相互作用的减弱对Ｃｅ３＋发光特性有显著影响。     

Hydroamination of alkynes with aromatic amines catalyzed by digallane (dpp-bian)Ga—Ga(dpp-bian)

Digallane (dpp-bian)Ga—Ga(dpp-bian) (1) (dpp-bian is the 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) catalyzes the addition of 4-chloroaniline to some terminal alkynes RC≡CH (R = Buⁿ, Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄). The reaction orders in each of the substrates were found for the reaction of phenylacetylene with 4-chloroaniline catalyzed by compound 1. The reaction of compound 1 with phenylacetylene in a molar ratio of 1: 10 led to 1-[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]-2-(1-phenylethylidene)acenaphthene (5) and the compound [C₁₂H₆(NC₆H₃Pr₂ ⁱ)(PhC=CH₂)(PhC=CH)]Ga(C≡CPh)₂ (6). The reaction of digallane 1 with phenylacetylene and aniline in a stoichiometric ratio of 1: 2: 2 gave bis-anilide (dpp-bian)-Ga[N(H)Ph]₂ (7) in 40% yield. The compound (PhC≡C)₃Ga·THF (9) was obtained by the reaction of three equivalents of sodium phenylacetylide (prepared in situ from phenylacetylene and sodium) with one equivalent of GaCl₃ in tetrahydrofuran. Compounds 5—7 and 9 were characterized by IR spectroscopy, ¹H NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize products 5, 6, and 9, whereas EPR spectroscopy was used for amide 7. The structures of compounds 5—7 and 9 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Why Does a Ga2 Dimer React Spontaneously with H2, but a Ga Atom Does Not?—A Detailed Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Differences in Reactivity Between Ga Atoms and Ga2 Dimers,in Combination with Experimental Results

The spontaneous and photoactivated reactions between Ga(2) and H(2) in a matrix of solid Ar at 12 K have been followed by using IR spectroscopy and have been shown to give access to several isomers of the subvalent hydride Ga(2)H(2). We now present Raman spectra for this system, to complete its characterization on the basis of vibrational spectra. In addition, the differences between the reactivity of a Ga atom and a Ga(2) dimer toward H(2) are evaluated. The matrix isolation experiments have shown that Ga(2) reacts spontaneously with H(2,) at 12 K, to give the cyclic subvalent hydride Ga(micro-H)(2)Ga (D(2h) symmetry), which can be transformed into two other isomers of Ga(2)H(2) by selective photoactivation. Interestingly, the spontaneous reaction is subject to a marked isotopic effect. In total, the experimental results provide detailed information about the reaction mechanism. In contrast to Ga(2), Ga atoms do not react spontaneously with H(2); on photoactivation they instead yield the radical species GaH(2). The quantum chemical calculations presented herein start with an analysis of the structures and relative energies of the relevant species at the MP2 level, by using extended basis sets, and lead on to a discussion of the correlation diagrams for both reactions. Finally, CASSCF and MRCI methods, in combination with moderate-sized basis sets, were employed to analyze in detail the mechanisms of the two reactions. It will be shown that the computational results, in concert with the experimental findings, provide a satisfying explanation of the contrasting reactivities of Ga and Ga(2).     

In3+与Ga3+对纯铝在KOH溶液中电化学行为的影响

通过极化曲线、交流阻抗的方法研究了纯给在1mol·L－1KOH溶液中的电化学行为，分析了铝在碱性介质中活性溶解时的特殊动力学现象．通过溶液中添加金属离子In3十和Ga3＋，研究了高析氢过电位金属离子对纯铝在KOH溶液中阳极溶解过程的影响机制，并结合扫描电镜照片（SEM）证明了In3十和Ga3十对铝电极溶解的影响过程．     

Ga2S3∶Eu2+和SrGa2+xS4+y∶Eu2+系列荧光粉的发光性能研究

采用高温固相法合成了Ga2S3∶Eu2+和SrGa2S4∶Eu2+系列荧光粉. 发现Ga2S3∶Eu2+的发射峰位于570 nm附近, SrGa2S4∶Eu2+的发射峰位于535 nm附近. 同时进一步探讨了SrGa2+xS4+y∶Eu2+体系中, 过量的Ga对发光的影响, 通过漫反射光谱和XRD谱确定过量的Ga是以Ga2S3的形式存在于SrGa2S4相中; 通过荧光光谱发现过量的Ga并不引起SrGa2S4∶Eu2+发射峰的位移, 而是增强其在400～520 nm处激发峰的强度, 从而增强Eu2+在535 nm处的发光强度.     

Ga和Cu/In衬底上电沉积金属Ga

在酸性水溶液中,分别在金属Ga和Cu/In衬底上进行了Ga电沉积的研究。用循环伏安法研究了导电盐、pH值对电沉积Ga的影响。系统研究了Ga的沉积过程,发现Ga会逐渐向薄膜内部扩散,在Cu/In界面上与CuIn合金反应生成CuGa₂合金。针对Cu/In薄膜和Ga薄膜是活泼金属的特点,在溶液中加入三乙醇胺有效地保护了Cu/In薄膜和Ga金属薄膜不被氧化,并且提高了Ga沉积的电流效率。在Cu/In薄膜上制备出了均匀光亮的金属Ga薄膜。对电沉积出Cu-In-Ga预置层进行了硒化处理,得到了质量较好的Cu(In_1-xGa_x)Se₂(CIGS)薄膜,并制备了太阳电池。电池效率达到了9.42%。     

Why Do Five Ga+ Cations Form a Ligand‐Stabilized [Ga5]5+ Pentagon and How Does a 5:1 Salt Pack in the Solid State?

The reaction of the Ga⁺ source [Ga(PhF)₂]⁺[Al(OR^F)₄]^? with the neutral σ‐donor ligand dmap (4‐Me₂N‐C₆H₄N) produces the unexpectedly large and fivefold positively charged cluster cation salt [Ga₅(dmap)₁₀]⁵⁺([Al(OR^F)₄]^?)₅. It includes a regular and planar Ga₅ pentagon with strong metal–metal bonding. Additionally, the compound represents the first salt in which an ionic 1:5 packing is realized. We discuss the nature of this structure which results from the conversion of the non‐bonding 4s² lone‐pair orbitals into fully Ga‐Ga‐bonding orbitals and the solid‐state arrangement of the ions constituting the lattice as an almost orthohexagonal AX₅ lattice, possibly the aristotype of any 5:1 salt.     

Complexes of β-cyclodextrin with chloronitrobenzenes and with solvents in water + organic solvent mixtures

Inclusion complexes of chloronitrobenzenes with -cyclodextrin in aqueous 0.1 M phosphate buffer solutions containing various concentrations of ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetone and acetonitrile have been studied by a polarographic method. The diffusion coefficients and the stability constants of the corresponding complexes have been determined. Using an equation derived by us which takes account of the change in the cyclodextrin concentration due to the simultaneous complexation of the solvent, both stability constants have been calculated. The influence of solvent on the stability constant of chloronitrobenzenes is discussed     

Iridium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes with nitriles

[Ir(cod)Cl](2)/DPPF or BINAP efficiently catalyzed the cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes with nitriles to give pyridines. The reaction can accommodate a very wide range of nitriles. Both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles smoothly reacted with α,ω-diynes to give pyridines. Ten equivalents of unactivated aliphatic nitrile were enough to give the product in high yield. Aliphatic nitriles bearing an acetal or amino moiety could be used for the reaction. The highly regioselective cycloaddition of unsymmetrical diyne bearing two different internal alkyne moieties was achieved. The observed regioselectivity could be reasonably explained by considering the different reactivities of the α-position in iridacyclopentadiene. Regioselective cycloaddition was successfully applied to the synthesis of terpyridine and quinquepyridine. This chemistry was extended to a new and efficient synthesis of oligoheteroarenes. Five aromatic or heteroaromatic rings were connected in a single operation. [Ir(cod)Cl](2)/chiral diphosphine catalyst can be applied to enantioselective synthesis. Kinetic resolution of the racemic secondary benzyl nitrile catalyzed by [Ir(cod)Cl](2)/SEGPHOS gave a central carbon chiral pyridine in 80% ee. The mechanism was analyzed on the basis of the B3LYP level of density functional calculations.     

Bioadsorption and ion exchange of Cr3+ and Pb2+ solutions with algae

Heavy metals can be removed from effluents and recovered using physico-chemical mechanisms as biosorption processes. In this work “Arribada” seaweed biomass was employed to assess its biosorptive capacity for the chromium (Cr³⁺) and lead (Pb²⁺) cations that usually are present in waste waters of plating industries. Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were conducted in a mixed reactor on a batch basis. Biosorption equilibrium and fluid-solid mass transfer constants data were analyzed through the concept of ion exchange sorption isotherm. The respective equilibrium exchange constants (K _eqCr=173.42, K _eqPb=58.86) and volumetric mass transfer coefficients ((k _mCr a)′=1.13×10⁻³ s⁻¹, (k _mPb a)′=0.89×10⁻³ s⁻¹) were employed for the dynamic analysis of Cr and Pb sorption in a fixed-bed flow-through sorption column. The breakthrough curves obtained for both metals were compared with the predicted values by the heterogeneous model (K _eqCr=171.29, K _eqPb=60.14; k _mCr a=7.81×10⁻² s⁻¹, k _mPb a=2.43×10⁻² s⁻¹), taking into account the mass transfer process. The results suggest that these algae may be employed in a metal removal/recovery process at low cost. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Iridium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes with isocyanates

[Ir(cod)Cl](2)/BINAP was found to be an efficient catalyst for the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes with isocyanates to give 2-pyridones. A wide range of isocyanates can be used for this reaction. Both aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates smoothly reacted with α,ω-diynes to give 2-pyridones in high yields. Aliphatic isocyanates were more reactive than aromatic isocyanates. For aromatic isocyanates, the electronic properties of the substituents affected the reactivity: electron-donating substituents enhanced the reaction. The reaction of unsymmetrical α,ω-diynes possessing two different internal alkyne moieties with isocyanates was regiospecific and gave a single product. This regioselectivity could be explained by the reaction of iridacyclopentadiene with a nitrogen-carbon double bond. The regioselectivity of the reaction of malonate-derived diyne was controlled by a steric effect, while that of the reaction of ester-tethered diyne was controlled by an electronic effect. [Ir(cod)Cl](2)/chiral diphosphine catalyst could be used for the enantioselective synthesis of C-N axially chiral 2-pyridone. The reaction of diyne 1a with o-methoxyphenyl isocyanate (7a) gave C-N axially chiral 2-pyridone (R)-8aa in 78% yield with 94% ee.     

Open-shell spherical aromaticity: the 2N2 + 2N + 1 (with S = N + ½) rule

4N Baird's rule represented the extension of Hückel's 4N + 2 rule to triplet state systems. In this work we extend the 2(N + 1)(2) Hirsch rule for spherical aromatic species to open-shell spherical compounds and we provide evidence that those spherical species having a same-spin half-filled last energy level with the rest of the levels being fully-filled, i.e., those having 2N(2) + 2N + 1 electrons and S = N + ?, are aromatic.     

一种具有荧光性质的阳离子Ga⁃MOF用于Fe3+和硝基化合物识别

通过溶剂热法合成了一种新型阳离子镓金属-有机框架Ga-MOF, 其化学式为[Ga₃O(H₂O)₃(TCA)₂]·NO₃·6DMF·2H₂O(JOU-27, H₃TCA=4,4′,4″-三苯胺三羧酸). 结构分析表明, JOU-27是基于氧心三核镓簇的三维微孔结构. 由于荧光配体H₃TCA的引入, JOU-27具有强的荧光发射强度, 因此可用于检测Fe³⁺离子和硝基芳香族化合物. 结果表明, 其对Fe³⁺的检出限低至2.22×10^-6 mol/L(Stern-Volmer常数K_SV=52823 L/mol); 当硝基苯(NB)浓度仅为3.27×10^-3 mol/L时, 荧光猝灭效率可达91%. 进一步的研究表明, JOU-27的猝灭性能可能与荧光共振能量转移(FRET)效应、 激发光吸收竞争以及骨架激发态与硝基芳烃化合物之间的电子转移有关.     

静电纺丝技术制备Gd3Ga5O12:Eu3+多孔发光纳米带

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Gd(NO3)3+Ga(NO3)3+Eu(NO3)3]复合纳米带,将其进行热处理,得到了Gd3Ga5O12:Eu3+(简称GGG:Eu3+)多孔发光纳米带.采用XRD,SEM,TEM,TG-DTA,FTIR和荧光光谱等技术对样品进行了表征.PVP/[Gd(NO3)3+Ga(NO3)3+Eu(NO3)3]复合纳米带为非晶态,经800 ℃焙烧8 h后,获得了单相石榴石型的GGG:Eu3+纳米带,属于立方晶系,空间群为Ia3d.复合纳米带表面光滑,尺寸均一,平均宽度约10 μm,厚度约为100 nm,彼此没有交联;经800 ℃焙烧后GGG:Eu3+多孔纳米带平均宽度约2.5 μm,厚度30 nm,长度大于500 μm,呈多孔网状多晶结构.当焙烧温度高于700 ℃时,复合纳米带中DMF、有机物和硝酸盐分解挥发完全,总失重率为93.1%.焙烧温度为800 ℃时,生成了纯净的无机氧化物.在254 nm的紫外光激发下,GGG:Eu3+纳米带发射出主峰位于591 nm的明亮红光,属于Eu3+的 5D0→7F1跃迁.对GGG:Eu3+纳米带形成机理进行了讨论.     

MPS‐Modified Silica Nanoparticles Linked with Cd2+ Ions

Silica nanoparticles were linked by using 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as a coupling agent and Cd²⁺ as bridging ions. The TEM micrographs showed approximately linear linkage between the silica nanoparticles rather than dense packing. The UV‐visible absorption spectra confirmed the formation of S‐Cd‐S bonds between the silica nanoparticles. The alternative films of MPS‐modified SiO₂ nanoparticles and Cd²⁺ ions were also prepared using the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly technique and characterized by AFM.     

New gallium germanates with tunnel structures: α-Ga4GeO8 and Ga4Ge3O12

The structure of several gallium germanates has been established or confirmed (Ga₄GeO₈ α and β forms, Ga₂GeO₅, Ga₄Ge₃O₁₂). Among them, α-Ga₄GeO₈ exhibits a new type of tunnel structure resulting from an intergrowth of GeO₂ rutile elements in the β-gallia network. Large hexagonal tunnels take place at the junction of both lattices. This compound is the first term of a series having as general formula Ga₄M_2n−1O_4n+4. Several other compounds M = Ge (n = 1, 2), Ti (n = 2, 3, 11 …), and Sn (n = 1) belong to the same family.     

纤锌矿型β-CuGa1-xZnxO2的Zn2+取代Ga3+不等价掺杂对其结构及光催化性质的影响

采用离子交换法制备了Zn²⁺在Ga-位不等价掺杂的功能陶瓷材料（β-CuGa_1-xZn_xO₂）. 通过X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对材料的晶体结构进行表征, 通过原位高温X射线衍射（HT-XRD）和同步热分析仪（TG-DSC）对材料的热稳定性进行表征, 通过紫外-可见漫散射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）以及第一性原理计算对材料的光学性质进行研究, 并通过甲基橙（MO）的降解反应评价了Zn²⁺在Ga-位的引入对该功能陶瓷光催化性能的影响. 结果显示, Zn²⁺的引入引起带隙变宽, 吸光范围变窄, 自发极化变小, 进而导致单位时间内生成的高活性物质减少, 不利于降解反应. 通过光致发光光谱（PL）对降解机理进行了初步探究. 根据实验结果提出了改进β-CuGaO₂性质的可能方法.     

Reactions of Au+ and Au− with benzene and fluorine-substituted benzenes

Reactions of gold anions and cations generated by laser desorption/ionization were studied in the FTICR spectrometer. Au⁻ associated with C₆F₆ to give the novel Au⁻(C₆F₆) complex, whose binding energy was estimated to be 24 ± 4 kcal mol⁻¹ from analysis of the radiative association (RA) kinetics. Au⁺ associated with C₆F₅H to give Au⁺(C₆F₅H), with binding energy estimated to be 31 kcal mol⁻¹. Au⁺ reacted with C₆H₆ to form the well known Au⁺(C₆H₆) and Au⁺(C₆H₆)₂ complexes. The observation of rapid charge transfer from Au⁺(C₆H₆) to C₆H₆ was interpreted as showing that benzene binds more strongly to neutral Au than to Au⁺. The neutral Au–C₆H₆ bond is accordingly concluded to be stronger than about 70 kcal mol⁻¹.     

The excess enthalpies of liquid GaGeTe and GaSnTe alloys

The excess enthalpies of the liquid alloys GaGeTe and GaSnTe were measured in a heat-flow calorimeter at 1203 K. The enthalpy surface in the ternary space in both systems is characterized by a valley stretching from the exothermic minimum in the GaTe system to the minima of the GeTe and SnTe systems. The minima in the ternary systems were found in this valley, i.e. on the sections Ga₂Te₃-GeTe and Ga₂Te₃-SnTe. A comparison of the experimental data with those calculated from the excess enthalpies of the constituent binaries with the aid of the Bonnier model, reveals only small deviations. A preliminary investigation was made into the ternary phase diagram of GaSnTe. This system contains the two quasibinary sections Ga₂Te₃-SnTe, GaTe-SnTe and the ternary compound Ga₆SnTe₁₀. The previously reported compounds Ga₂SnTe₃ and GaSnTe₂ do not exist.