响应面法优化双羟丙基封端聚硅氧烷的微波合成工艺研究

采用微波辐射法合成双羟丙基封端聚硅氧烷,将响应面分析法应用于1,3-双(3-三甲硅氧基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷的合成工艺,通过Box-Behnken中心组合实验,考察原料摩尔配比、反应时间、微波辐射温度和催化剂加量四个因素对1,3-双(3-三甲硅氧基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷收率的影响,得到最佳微波合成工艺参数并建立多元回归数学模型。结果表明:微波合成最佳反应条件n(2-烯丙基三甲基硅氧烷)/n(1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷)=2.4∶1,反应时间103 min,微波温度95℃,催化剂加量19 mg/kg,得到产物收率可达94.46%。以优化条件下制备的1,3-双(3-三甲硅氧基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷为原料,制备出了双羟丙基封端聚硅氧烷,目标产物转化率可达90.5%。采用IR、1HNMR、GC对产品结构进行了表征。     

并发合成香草乙酮和异香草乙酮

愈创木酚与溴代正丙烷经丙基化反应得1-正丙氧基-2-甲氧基苯(1);1与醋酐经傅-克乙酰基化反应得3-甲氧基-4-正丙氧基苯乙酮(2)和3-丙氧基-4-甲氧基苯乙酮(3)的混合物;以无水三氯化铝对2和3进行选择性脱丙基反应合成了香草乙酮和异香草乙酮,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-ESI-MS确证。     

（2-羟基-3-丁氧基）丙基-羟丙基壳聚糖/聚乙二醇互穿网络凝胶的制备及其释药作用

将壳聚糖改性为（2-羟基-3-丁氧基）丙基 羟丙基壳聚糖（2-H-3-B-P-HPCS）,并以（2-羟基-3-丁氧基）丙基-羟丙基壳聚糖和聚乙二醇（PEG）为原料制备（2-羟基-3-丁氧基）丙基-羟丙基壳聚糖/聚乙二醇互穿网络凝胶,研究了（2-羟基-3-丁氧基）丙基-羟丙基壳聚糖浓度、聚乙二醇的用量、交联剂戊二醛用量、反应温度对该凝胶溶胀性能的影响。 通过红外光谱分析和扫描电子显微镜的方法比较了壳聚糖、（2-羟基-3-丁氧基）丙基-羟丙基壳聚糖和（2-羟基-3-丁氧基）丙基-羟丙基壳聚糖/聚乙二醇互穿网络凝胶结构和形态上的不同。 以阿昔洛韦为模型药物研究了其释药性能。 结果表明,该凝胶均具有良好的溶胀性、pH敏感性和药物缓释作用,有望用作新型的药物载体。     

γ-（甲基丙烯酰氧基）丙基二甲基氯硅烷的合成

利用自制的催化剂C,通过甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯和二甲基氯硅烷的硅氢加成反应制备了γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基二甲基氯硅烷。与经典的Speier催化剂相比,自制催化剂具有更高的催化活性,显著地降低了反应温度,且缩短了反应时间,同时考察了反应条件对催化剂活性和反应结果的影响。     

N-(3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱的制备

以十六醇、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和氯乙酸钠等为原料,通过三步反应合成N-(3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱(HHDB),并探索了反应温度、投料比、反应时间和催化剂等因素对产物产率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。中间体3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基-1-氯丙烷(HHCP)合成的最佳工艺条件:催化剂苄基三乙基氯化铵,体系p H为9.0,n(C_(16)H_(33)OH)∶n(C_3H_5OCl)=1∶1.1,滴加环氧氯丙烷温度65℃,滴加时间1.5h,反应温度95℃,反应时间5 h;中间体N-(3-十六烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基叔胺(HHDT)合成的最佳工艺条件:n(C_(19)H_(39)OCl)∶n(C_2H_7N)=1∶1.2,反应温度85℃,反应时间20 h;产物HHDB制备的最佳工艺条件:n(C_(21)H_(45)ON)∶n(C_3H_4O_2ClNa)=1∶1.1,反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h。在上述工艺条件下,HHDB产率达到95.2%,对产物HHDB及中间体进行红外光谱与核磁氢谱表征,测定其临界胶束浓度为9.8 mmol·L-1,水溶液表面张力为18.8 m N·m-1,发泡力为1.15,产物具有较好的表面活性。     

新型间氯苯基卟啉-5-氟尿嘧啶化合物的合成与表征

用5-[3-(3-溴丙氧基)苯基]-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)卟啉或5-[3-(4-溴丁氧基)苯基]-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)卟啉与5-氟尿嘧啶反应,合成了1,3-二[5-(3-丙氧基苯基)-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)卟啉]-5-氟尿嘧啶(A1)、1-[5-(3-丙氧基苯基)-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)卟啉]-5-氟尿嘧啶(B1)、1,3-二[5-(3-丁氧基苯基)-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)卟啉]-5-氟尿嘧啶(A2)、1-[5-(3-丁氧基苯基)-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)卟啉]-5-氟尿嘧啶(B2),产率分别为20.4%、12.3%、21.4%、11.4%。通过红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、核磁共振谱和基质辅助激光解吸-电离飞行时间质谱测试技术表征了其结构。对目标化合物的合成分离纯化条件进行了研究。结果表明,选择DMF为溶剂,反应温度在120℃,反应时间10h,产率较高;采用硅胶G(粒径40μm)柱层析,按试验产品量,柱子直径为3cm,柱高10cm,用V(氯仿)∶V(丙酮)=15∶1为洗脱剂,分离效果较好。     

超声法合成聚[2-甲氧基-5-(2′-乙基己氧基)-对亚苯基亚乙烯基]的研究

采用超声合成方法,以对甲氧基苯酚为起始原料,经醚化、溴甲基化和聚合反应,得到无凝胶、完全可溶、高分子量的聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2′-乙基己氧基)-对亚苯基亚乙烯基)(MEH-PPV),其数均分子量高达9.5×105,分子量分布为2.4.并通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和红外光谱进行了结构表征.与常规的机械搅拌反应相比,超声合成方法具有反应时间短、反应温度低、产率高、聚合物分子量较大等特点,特别是这种方法有效抑制了聚合过程中的凝胶化问题,合成的MEH-PPV具有更高的荧光量子效率.     

超声法合成聚[2-甲氧基-5-(2''''-乙基己氧基)-对亚苯基亚乙烯基]的研究

采用超声合成方法,以对甲氧基苯酚为起始原料,经醚化、溴甲基化和聚合反应,得到无凝胶、完全可溶、高分子量的聚(2-甲氧基-5-(2'-乙基己氧基)-对亚苯基亚乙烯基)(MEH-PPV),其数均分子量高达9.5×105,分子量分布为2.4.并通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和红外光谱进行了结构表征.与常规的机械搅拌反应相比,超声合成方法具有反应时间短、反应温度低、产率高、聚合物分子量较大等特点,特别是这种方法有效抑制了聚合过程中的凝胶化问题,合成的MEH-PPV具有更高的荧光量子效率.     

含氟苯并异噁唑衍生物的合成及活性研究

以2,4-二甲氧基苯胺为起始原料,通过乙酰化保护合成N-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺(2),经傅克反应合成N-(4-羟基-2-甲氧基-5-丙酰基苯基)乙酰胺(3),3再与盐酸羟胺反应生成N-(4-羟基-5-(1-(羟基亚氨基)丙基)-2-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺(4),4在DMF-DMA作用下生成N-(3-乙基-6-甲氧基...     

药物中间体4-苄氧基-3-氯苯胺的合成

选用无水碳酸钾做缚酸剂,DMF做溶剂,由4-硝基-2-氯苯酚和氯苄制备4-苄氧基-3-氯硝基苯,进而,4-苄氧基-3-氯硝基苯在催化剂六水合三氯化铁/活性炭,还原剂80%水合肼,溶剂乙醇的作用下得到目标产物,着重考察了反应时间,反应温度,物料物质的量配比对目标产物收率的影响,确定了合成最佳条件为反应温度80℃,反应时间3 h,n(4-苄氧基-2-氯硝基苯)∶n(水合肼)=8∶1,在此条件下,目标化合物收率83.6%,两步总收率收率77.8%,产物经过1HNMR和MS确认.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.