化学气相沉积法制备的TiO_2薄膜的光学性质及其应用

以ＴｉＣ１４为源物质采用常压化学气相沉积法制备了ＴｉＯ２薄膜。用紫外光谱测定了膜的透过率,进而计算出折光率、消光系数、光学带隙能等光学参数。结果发现,在不同气流量、沉积温度为１００～２５０℃的条件下制备的ＴｉＯ２膜,其折射率在２．１６～２．８２范围内,消光系数在０．０４×１０－３～６．７０×１０－３范围内,光学带隙能在２．８～３．０８ｅＶ范围内。在光催化作用下,ＴｉＯ２膜用于处理苯酚溶液,苯酚的转化率高达５４．０５％。关键词##4化学气相沉积（ＣＶＤ）;;沉积率;;折光率;;消光系数;;光催化     

α－石英表面自由基和离体肺泡巨噬细胞内游离Ca~（2＋）、Mg~（2＋）浓度的关系

本文用ＡＲ－ＣＭ－ＭＩＣ阳离子测定系统及Ｆｕｒａ－２荧光技术，研究了研磨后表面存在自由基的α－石英，和离体肺泡巨噬细胞作用后细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］）和游离Ｍｇ２＋浓度（［Ｍｇ２＋］ｉ）的关系．发现在含Ｃａ２＋和Ｍｇ２＋的介质中，α－石英表面自由基越多，［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ和［Ｍｇ２＋］ｉ升高越大；在无Ｃａ２＋和Ｍｇ２＋的介质中，新研磨的α－石英能引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ和［Ｍｇ２＋］ｉ升高．Ｃａ２＋和Ｍｇ２＋的升高可能部分由于细胞内结合钙和结合镁的释放．     

铅于旋转银盘电极上欠电位沉积的计时库仑法研究

用计时库仑法研究了Ｐｂ２＋于旋转Ａｇ盘电极（Ａｇ－ＲＤＥ）上的欠电位沉积（ＵＰＤ）性质。实验证明,支持电解质（０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ　ＨＮＯ３＋０．０１　ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣＩ）中Ｃｌ－离子的存在有利于取得稳态条件下ＵＰＤ Ｐｂ的电量值。其氧化过程电量（Ｑａ）,代表Ｐｂ２＋吸附单层被定量转化为ＵＰＤ Ｐｂ单层的量,Ｑａ的平均值为３９３．３μＣ／ｃｍ２,相应于２×１０－９ｍｏｌ／ｃｍ２Ｐｂ２＋表面复盖量。     

甲烷直接氧化制甲醇：Ⅱ.催化膜反应器（CMR）

采用溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）法制备了微孔结构均匀的“ＳｉＯ２／陶瓷”膜和“Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－Ｏ／ＳｉＯ２／陶瓷”催化功能膜，并用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和孔径测定等技术进行了表征。在常压，５００～７００℃的条件下，在催化膜反应器（ＣＭＲ）中考察了甲烷氧化制甲醇的反应。在相似的反应条件下（转化率为１．０％），用ＣＭＲ（甲醇选择性１?．２％）可获得较固定床反应器（甲醇选择性４．５％）高得多的甲醇选择性。     

甲烷直接氧化制甲醇Ⅱ．催化膜反应器（CMR）

采用溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）法制备了微孔结构均匀的“ＳｉＯ＿２／陶瓷”膜和“Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－·Ｏ／ＳｉＯ＿２／陶瓷”催化功能膜，并用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和孔径测定等技术进行了表征。在常压、５００～７００℃的条件下，在催化膜反应器（ＣＭＲ）中考察了甲烷氧化制甲醇的反应。在相似的反应条件下（转化率为１．０％），用ＣＭＲ（甲醇选择性１１．２％）可获得较固定床反应器（甲醇选择性４．５％）高得多的甲醇选择性。     

离子束混合条件下Fe—Dy多层膜的非晶化

在超高真空（１０＾－７Ｐａ）条件下用双源蒸镀法在单晶Ｓｉ和ＮａＣｌ衬底上制备了一系列Ｆｅ，Ｄｙ原子配比的成分调制多层膜。用卢瑟福背散射（ＲＢＳ）和俄歇能谱（ＡＥＳ）分析成分沿厚度的分布，并用掠入射Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）离子束混合前后的结构。结果表明，随Ａｒ＾＋离子剂量的增加混合量增加，在１０＾１７Ａｒ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２达到均匀混合，同时混合还诱发非晶化，平均成分约为Ｆｅ６０Ｄｙ４０的多晶膜完全转变为     

CO在YBa2Cu3Ox薄膜上吸附与加氢的研究

ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ（ｘ＝６－７）薄膜被合成在ＹＳＺ基底上，用ＦＴＩＲ，ＸＰＳ，ＸＲＤ等手段原位研究ＣＯ在薄膜上的吸附及加氢行为。ＣＯ吸附在Ｃｕ位置上，与ＹＢＣＯ体相中的Ｏ作用，生成表面ＣＯ２或－ＣＯＯ基团，导致ＹＢＣＯ中生产氧空位，使ＹＢＣＯ发生昌型转变，Ｃｕ＾２＋被还原为Ｃｕ＾＋或Ｃｕ＾０．ＹＢＣＯ中的氧空位有利于ＣＯ、ＣＯ２及Ｈ２的吸附。ＣＯ、ＣＯ２在ＹＢＣＯ膜上的加氢产物为ＣＨ３ＯＨ、ＣＨ３     

CO_2在TiO_2薄膜修饰p／p~＋－Si电极上的光电化学还原

ＣＯ_２在ＴｉＯ_２薄膜修饰ｐ／ｐ~＋－Ｓｉ电极上的光电化学还原魏培海，祁学永淳于宝珠（山东教育学院化学系济南２５００１３）（山东大学化学系济南）关键词二氧化碳，ＴｉＯ_２薄膜，光电化学，ｐ／Ｐ~＋－Ｓｉ电极在半导体电极表面实现ＣＯ２的光电化学还原，可获?..     

CrOx/SiO2催化剂上丙烷在CO2气氛中脱氢反应的研究

采用ＸＲＤ、ＵＶ－ｖｉｓ　 ＤＲＳ、ＥＳＲ和微分吸附量热等技术,考察了铬担载量分别为２．５、５和 １０ｗｔ％的 ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的结构、表面性质和氧化还原性能。结果表明,催化剂表面上存在多种Ｃｒ的氧化态和聚集形式。随着Ｃｒ担载量从２．５ｗｔ％到１０ｗｔ％的逐渐增大,催化剂表面占主导地位的Ｃｒ物种由ＣｒＯ３单体转为多聚ＣｒＯ３和Ｃｒ２Ｏ３晶相。在 ＣＯ２气氛中催化剂对丙烷转化率和丙烯选择性的大小顺序为 ２． ５ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２ ＞５ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２＞１０ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２,反应过程中的原位 ＥＳＲ和 ＵＶ－ｖｉｓＤＲＳ测定结果表明,催化剂表面的反应活性中心为Ｃｒ５＋, Ｃｒ５＋可由催化剂预处理过程中 Ｃｒ３＋的氧化及丙烷反应过程中 ＣｒＯ３单体的还原产生,在反应中 ＣＯ２可使Ｃｒ３＋重新氧化为Ｃｒ５＋。     

α-石英表面自由基和离体肺泡巨噬细胞内游离Ca2+、Mg2+浓度的关系

本文用ＡＲ－ＣＭ－ＭＩＣ阳离子测定系统及Ｆｕｒａ－２荧光技术，研究了研磨后表面存在自由基的α－石英，和离体肺泡巨噬细胞作用后细胞内游离Ｃａ＾２＾＋浓度（［Ｃａ＾２＾＋）ｉ）和游离Ｍｇ＾２＾＋浓度（［Ｍｇ＾２＾＋］ｉ的关系。发现在含Ｃａ＾２＾＋和Ｍｇ＾２＾＋的介质中，α－石英表面自由基越多，［Ｃａ＾２＾＋］ｉ和［Ｍｇ＾２＾＋］ｉ升高越大；在无Ｃａ＾２＾＋和Ｍｇ＾２＾＋的介质中，新研磨的α－石英能引起     

一种偶氮染料金属螯合物薄膜的光学特性研究

偶氮染料是一类广泛应用的纺织用有机染料^[1],近年来随着光电子技术的发展,偶氮染料作为非线性光学材料^[2]和光信息记录介质^[3]引起人们极大的兴趣.偶氮染料具有对光吸收大,容易制备,在有机溶剂中具有较高的溶解度而适用于湿法涂布等优点,可以作为可录光盘(CD-R)的记录介质.     

Three-dimensional quantum photonic crystals and quantum photonic glasses

The structure and optical properties of quantum-dot photonic crystals (quantytes) were studied. Such crystals have the so-called band gaps, which leads to a strong reflection of electromagnetic waves from the crystal surface. It was shown that in certain spectral regions the refractive index has a negative sign, and the group velocity of electromagnetic waves essentially decreases. The applications of quantytes as optical information recording and rewriting devices, negative refractive optical elements, selective mirrors, narrowband filters, and others were discussed.     

Quantitative characterization of the optical properties of absorbing polymer films: Comparative investigation of the internal reflection intensity analysis method

Nondestructive, three‐dimensional refractive‐index measurements are used for the determination of both the crystallinity and orientation in thin polymer films. The prism wave‐guide coupler is particularly suited for three‐dimensional isotropic and anisotropic thin‐film studies because of the quantitative character of the information obtained and the ease of data acquisition. It has been limited, however, to determining only the refractive index of transparent or weakly absorbing thin‐film samples. On the basis of thin‐film optics, this study develops a new internal reflection intensity analysis (IRIA) method, which uses the intensity information rather than the conventional mode angle values to acquire both the refractive index and the extinction coefficient over a range of transparent to highly absorbing polymer films. Therefore, the IRIA method overcomes the limitations of this prism wave‐guide coupler technique, which can only measure the refractive index of a weakly absorbing sample. With a Metricon PC‐2010 as the skeletal framework, a prototype instrument has been developed to apply and test the IRIA method. A study comparing both the refractive index and extinction coefficient obtained with ellipsometry, ultraviolet–visible/near‐infrared reflectometry, and IRIA for solvent blue 59 dyed polystyrene films confirms that the IRIA method is effective for obtaining the three‐dimensional refractive indices and extinction coefficients of polymer films. In addition, the refractive index and extinction coefficient spectrum (400–800 nm) of solvent blue 59 have been determined with the effective media theory. Furthermore, the three‐dimensional complex refractive indices of highly absorbing black electrical tape, inaccessible to other optical measurement because of its surface character, has been determined by the IRIA method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 842–855, 2003     

菁染料的溶剂效应

本文研究了不同系列的16种菁染料在极性不同的溶剂中的吸收光谱。发现染料分子吸收峰(M带)的溶剂化“红移”不仅与溶剂的折射率n有关,而且与溶剂的介电常数ε有关。其v=(λ_max)^-1(cm^-1)与溶剂的上述两种性质的函数f(n,ε)=n²-1/2n²+1 + α(ε-1/ε+2)成良好的线性关系。式中α为比例系数,其值一般小于1,符号取决于染料本身的溶剂化显色性。在混合双液体系中,有些染料可形成二聚体,其双分子吸收带(D带)的溶剂化“蓝移”——△v(cm^-1)亦与上述函数f(n,ε)成良好的线性关系。实验结果表明,染料二聚体与溶剂发生作用时,相当于一个新的光学单元。     

RELATION BETWEEN THE OPTICAL ANISO-TROPY INDEX AND THE POLARIZABILITY ELLIPSOID OF ATOM GROUPS

The optical anisotropy index is a new conception which has been proposed by the author of this paper on the basis of the Gladstone refractivity (i.e. specific energy by Larsen). The conception is very useful for studying the structural-optical mineralogy. The polarizability ellipsoid of atom groups in minerals may be obtained from the optical anisotropy index; conversely, when the crystal structure, orientation, and the polarizability ellipsoid of atom groups are known, the optical anisotropy index of the minerals may be calculated, and then three principal refractive indices, and the optical axis angles may be calculated, too. The calculated values of optical properties are in very good agreement with the experimental values. This calculation method is much simpler thanBragg's for the carbonates, and the precision of calculated values is much higher than that of Bragg's. The principle of calculation method is suitable for all the minerals containing some strong anisotropic atom groups, besides carbonat     

Spectral characteristics and nonlinear studies of crystal violet dye

Solid-state dye-doped polymer is an attractive alternative to the conventional liquid dye solution. In this paper, the spectral characteristics and the nonlinear optical properties of the dye crystal violet are studied. The spectral characteristics of crystal violet dye doped poly(methylmethacrylate) modified with additive n-butyl acetate (nBA) are studied by recording its absorption and fluorescence spectra and the results are compared with the corresponding liquid mixture. The nonlinear refractive index of the dye in nBA and dye doped polymer film were measured using z-scan technique, by exciting with He-Ne laser. The results obtained are intercompared. Both the samples of dye crystal violet show a negative nonlinear refractive index. The origin of optical nonlinearity in the dye may be attributed due to laser-heating induced nonlinear effect.     

Photosensitive cholesteric copolymers with spiropyran-containing side groups I. Phase behaviour and photo-optical properties

A number of terpolymers were synthesized by copolymerization of nematogenic, chiral and photochromic monomers with different contents of spiropyran photosensitive side groups. The synthesized copolymers possess selective light reflection in the visible region of the spectrum. Action of UV light on planarly-oriented films of the copolymers leads to the formation of the merocyanine form of the dye with a maximum of absorbance coinciding with the selective light reflection peak. The 'degeneration' of the selective light reflection is observed during this process. It was shown that such types of material can be used for reversible information storage; the principal scheme for the processes of optical data recording and reading is suggested.     

KARI酶及其抑制剂

酮醇酸还原异构酶(Keto-Acid Reducto－Isomerase, KARI或称作乙酰羟基酸异构还原酶, Aceto-Hydroxyacid Isomero-Reductase, AHIR)是植物、微生物中的支链氨基酸生物合成途径中第二步的关键性酶。由于哺乳动物和人体内并不存在这种酶,因此靶向KARI酶的抑制剂具有安全、高效等特点,成为农用除草剂以及医药抗真菌药物的一个引人注目的研究方向。本文综述了KARI的酶学,KARI抑制剂及其抑制机理和理论研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Refractive index measurements of films with biaxial symmetry. 1. Determination of complex refractive indices using polarized reflectance/transmittance ratio

A new method to extract complex refractive indices of films with biaxial symmetry from polarized transmission and reflection spectra is described. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the reflectance/transmittance ratio (R/T ratio) of two films of different thicknesses but with the same optical anisotropy is a simple function of the refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k). For films with biaxial symmetry, components of n and k on symmetric axes can be extracted from either s- or p-polarized R/T ratios if the film thickness values are known. The R/T ratio method can generate n and k spectra within a particular wavelength range without assuming a specific relationship among n, k, and wavelength, which is an advantage over many currently available techniques. The R/T ratio method is used to extract the anisotropic complex refractive indices of a polyimide film with known uniaxial symmetry. The resultant n and k spectra compare well with simulations based on known n and k values. The accuracy of n and k spectra is affected mostly by data error in reflection and transmission spectra collection, thickness variation across sample films, and error in sample alignment.     

Liquid-crystal-droplet optical microcavities

ABSTRACT

The use of liquid-crystal droplets as optical microcavities and lasers is reviewed and possible applications are discussed. Liquid-crystal droplets are prepared by simple methods that enable scalable production since their internal structure is formed by self-assembly. Light is trapped in droplets due to total internal reflection on the surface due to refractive index mismatch or because of a photonic bandgap structure in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs). Light confinement gives rise to a variety of optical modes and by employing a fluorescent dye end external optical pumping, lasing can be achieved. Liquid-crystal-droplet cavities are largely tunable by applying an electric field or a temperature change. Such cavities can be used as temperature and chemical sensors, and tunable light sources and filters in future integrated soft photonic circuits.