水中9种微囊藻毒素的质谱分析

通过对离子源、毛细管电压等质谱条件的研究,建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析水中9中微囊藻毒素的方法,并对特征母离子及子离子进行了解析。水样经过过滤,以高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源正离子多反应模式进行检测。在0~50μg/L范围内9种微囊藻毒素具有良好的线性关系和回收率,相对标准偏差小于10%。方法的检出限(以3倍信噪比计)能够满足WHO及我国地表水体中关于微囊藻毒素控制标准的要求。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时测定地表水中9种微囊藻毒素

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联三重四极杆质谱(SPE-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)联用技术分析水中9种微囊藻毒素的方法。样品经SPE提取和净化后,以Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱,以含0.1%甲酸乙腈和含0.1%甲酸水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源电离、正离子多反应监测模式质谱进行定性和定量分析。9种微囊藻毒素在0.1～50 μg/L或0.5～100 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9990～0.9998,方法的检出限(以3倍信噪比计)为0.1～0.5 ng/L;高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为75.8%～109%,相对标准偏差为0.49%～10.0%。结果表明,该方法灵敏、准确,检测范围广,分析速度快。应用该方法检测了杭州市两处水库水样中的微囊藻毒素,分别检出了3种和8种微囊藻毒素。     

直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定地表水中9种微囊藻毒素

建立水样直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析地表水中9种微囊藻毒素(MCs)的方法.水样过滤后注入高效液相色谱,在电喷雾离子源正离子多反应模式下进行检测.对色谱及质谱条件进行优化,对过滤滤膜进行筛选,并采用本方法测定了实际样品.研究表明,地表水中9种MCs的浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回收率92.4％～100.1％,相对标准偏差均＜7％.方法的检出限为0.007～0.047 μg/L,能够满足WHO及我国地表水中关于微囊藻毒素控制标准的要求.本方法灵敏、快速,适于地表水中9种MCs的测定.     

芯片液相色谱-质谱法高灵敏度检测水产品中微囊藻毒素

建立了一种芯片液相色谱-高分辨质谱测定3种微囊藻毒素（MC-RR、MC-YR和MC-LR）的分析方法.在最优条件下,3种藻毒素在16 min内实现基线分离,并选择电喷雾源正离子模式进行质谱测定.方法在2.5~2 000 ng/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数大于0.996 5,检测限介于0.5~2.0 ng/mL之间.鱼肉和虾肉样品经固相萃取法净化处理后未测得上述毒素残留,加标回收率为82.8%~120.3%.方法具有样品用量少、定性快速准确、灵敏度高等优点,适合用于水产品等生物样品中藻毒素的痕量监测.     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱指纹图谱检测毒蕈中4种鹅膏肽类毒素

建立了基于超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱技术(UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF)的4种鹅膏肽类毒素特征信息的色谱和质谱指纹图谱和分析鉴定方法。样品用含0.1%TFA的甲醇溶液提取后,再用Oasis HLB固相柱净化,洗脱液经UPLC HSS T3色谱柱分离后,采用ESI-TOF MS和ESI-Q-TOF MS2进行测定;建立了包含毒素准分子离子准确质量数及其同位素特征,以及二级质谱特征子离子信息的指纹图谱;方法定量测定的线性范围在50～1000μg/L,相关系数在0.9974～0.9985之间;4种毒素的检出限均为10μg/L;定量限为50μg/L;加标回收率在68.2%～88.2%之间;相对标准偏差为7.2%～11.8%。对采集的20余种野生菌样品进行分析,有5种样品检测出含有毒素。本方法快速、准确、选择性好、特异性强,适用于突发毒蕈中毒事件样品中α-鹅膏毒肽、β-鹅膏毒肽、二羟鬼笔毒肽、羧基二羟鬼笔毒肽的确证分析。     

复方丹参片的高效液相色谱/质谱特征图谱研究

研究了复方丹参片乙醇提取物电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-MS)和(HPLC-MS)特征图谱,并对特征图谱中各主要峰进行了初步定性分析,为复方丹参片的快速指纹鉴别提供了新方法。     

刺五加中苷类化合物的电喷雾多级串联质谱

采用小柱层挤、电喷雾多级串联质谱方法，通过分子量及正负离子多级串联质谱的信息对刺五加提取物中的有效成分刺五加苷B、刺五加苷E进行了定性分析，并提出了其电喷雾质谱碎裂机理。该方法样品处理简单，分析速度快且灵敏度高，实验重复性好，适宜于作为刺五加有效成分鉴定的指纹图谱，对刺五加药品质量控制具有重要意义。     

朝鲜淫羊藿的色谱指纹图谱及液相色谱/电喷雾串联质谱分析

建立了长白山区朝鲜淫羊藿药材的高效液相色谱指纹图谱的分析方法. 确定了18批朝鲜淫羊藿药材的13个共有峰, 该指纹图谱的精密度、稳定性和重现性的相对标准偏差均低于3.0%. 结合液相色谱/电喷雾串联质谱对特征峰进行了结构确认, 并根据电喷雾串联质谱数据推测了13个特征化合物的结构. 结果表明采用高效液相色谱与质谱联用技术对朝鲜淫羊藿色谱指纹图谱中的特征峰进行结构确认, 使其色谱指纹图谱的特征性更强, 更适合于药材质量的鉴别与评价.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析蓝藻中微囊藻毒素的总量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱对蓝藻中微囊藻毒素总量的测定方法。样品采用乙酸及甲醇溶液进行抽提后离心,上清液经浓缩用固相萃取柱进行富集、纯化,洗脱液经0.025 mol/L KMnO4和饱和NaIO4溶液在pH 9条件下氧化1h。以BEH C18色谱柱进行梯度洗脱分离,采用离子监测质荷比(m/z 131.10)定量分析。微囊藻毒素总量的回收率在82.0%～98.6%之间。微囊藻毒素总量的检出限为0.80μg/L。该方法适用于测定蓝藻中的微囊藻毒素总量分析。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定土壤中3种微囊藻毒素

建立了测定土壤中典型微囊藻毒素(MC-LR,MC-RR和MC-YR)的固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱(LC/MS)分析方法。土样采用0.01 mol/L EDTA-Na4P2O7溶液涡旋提取,提取液经Sep-Pak C18固相萃取柱富集净化,在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测模式采集数据进行定性与定量分析。结果表明:土壤中MC-LR,MC-RR和MC-YR的检出限量分别为0.25,0.25和0.50μg/kg,回收率分别为72.6%～97.4%,54.9%～62.8%和69.0%～90.7%;相对标准偏差为4.3%～16.9%。应用此方法检测云南滇池周边部分农田土壤中样品,检出微囊藻毒素,含量范围为1.43～21.29μg/kg。     

Ion trap mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of haemoglobin peptides modified by epichlorohydrin and diepoxybutane

Ion trap mass spectrometry has been shown to be particularly suitable for the structural analysis of high molecular weight peptides directly fragmented in the mass analyser without needing further sub-digestion reactions. Here we report the advantages of using multi-stage ion trap mass spectrometry in the structural characterisation of haemoglobin alkylated with epichlorohydrin and diepoxybutane. Alkylated globins were digested with trypsin and the peptide mixtures were analysed by MS(3). This technique allows the sequential fragmentation of peptides under analysis, giving rise to MS(3) product ion spectra with additional information with respect to MS(2) mass spectra. The results obtained complete the previously reported structural characterisation of alkylated haemoglobin, demonstrating the potential of ion trap mass spectrometry.     

Modern biomolecular mass spectrometry and its role in studying virus structure, dynamics, and assembly

Over a century since its development, the analytical technique of mass spectrometry is blooming more than ever, and applied in nearly all aspects of the natural and life sciences. In the last two decades mass spectrometry has also become amenable to the analysis of proteins and even intact protein complexes, and thus begun to make a significant impact in the field of structural biology. In this Review, we describe the emerging role of mass spectrometry, with its different technical facets, in structural biology, focusing especially on structural virology. We describe how mass spectrometry has evolved into a tool that can provide unique structural and functional information about viral-protein and protein-complex structure, conformation, assembly, and topology, extending to the direct analysis of intact virus capsids of several million Dalton in mass. Mass spectrometry is now used to address important questions in virology ranging from how viruses assemble to how they interact with their host.     

Mass spectrometry-based glycoprofiling of biopharmaceuticals by using an automated data processing tool: SimGlycan®

The therapeutic and immunological properties of biopharmaceuticals are governed by the glycoforms contained in them. Thus, bioinformatics tools capable of performing comprehensive characterization of glycans are significantly important to the biopharma industry. The primary structural elucidation of glycans using mass spectrometry is tricky and tedious in terms of spectral interpretation. In this study, the biosimilars of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody and an Fc-fusion protein with moderate and heavy glycosylation, respectively, were employed as representative biopharmaceuticals for released glycan analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry instead of conventional mass spectrometry-based analysis. SimGlycan® is a software with proven ability to process tandem MS data for released glycans could identify eight additional glycoforms in Fc-fusion protein biosimilar, which were not detected during mass spectrometry analysis of released glycans or glyco-peptide mapping of the same molecule. Thus, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of released glycans not only complements conventional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based glycan profiling but can also identify additional glycan structures that may otherwise be omitted during conventional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry based analysis of mAbs. The mass spectrometry data processing tools, such as PMI Byos™, SimGlycan^®, etc., can display pivotal analytical capabilities in automated liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis workflows, especially for high-throughput structural characterization of glycoforms in biopharmaceuticals.     

Synthesis and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectra of Amino Acid Thiophosphoramidates of Nucleoside

Amino acid thiophosphoramidates of nucleoside were synthesized and determined by negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Hie fragmentation pathways were investigated. The results show that ESI‐MS is a useful tool for structural determination of amino acid thiophosphoramidates of nucleoside.     

High-Throughput Structural Elucidation of Lignans in Flaxseed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were developed for the rapid identification of lignans in flaxseed. The lignans were extracted from dried flaxseed extract power by ultrasonic extraction. The fragment ions were further investigated for structural elucidation and the MS/MS spectra provided an abundance of structural information for the identification. A total of eleven lignans were investigated and three were new compounds. This research demonstrates the rapid characterization of bioactive constituents in plant extracts while avoiding tedious and difficult separation and purification steps.     

类固醇激素的低温等离子体质谱研究

将自行设计和搭建的低温等离子体装置作为离子源,成功地与常压高分辨质谱结合,并将其用于类固醇样品的定性分析.与常规电喷雾质谱相比,用低温等离子体质谱检测类固醇样品具有样品前处理简单、谱图干扰少等优点.对类固醇样品进行了一级质谱以及串联质谱的表征,发现其一级谱图能够体现出类固醇化合物的结构稳定性,而在串联质谱图中则出现了较多的丢水碎片.本工作结合能量计算详细比较分析了典型类固醇样品在碰撞诱导解离(CID)碎裂过程中的丢水过程.另外,通过比较二级质谱的不同以及对其碎裂过程的分析推测,睾酮和去氢表雄酮这对同分异构体得以区分.     

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of protein and carbohydrate biopolymers

Within the past decade significant advances in the field of biological mass spectrometry have resulted in unique approaches to the structural analysis of biopolymers. This article pinpoints key instrumental developments and outlines strategies based upon high field fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry which are allowing hitherto elusive biopolymer structural data to be obtained.     

Gas phase reactivity of isomeric arylglycosides towards amines. A chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry study

Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments have been performed for the structural characterization and isomeric differentiation of two series of C- and O-linked arylglycosides with potential antioxidant activity. Different amines have been used for producing gas phase chemical ionization. Depending on their proton affinity and steric hindrance, adduct ions with different stability are formed. The most stable adducts are produced by ethylamine and they have been extensively structurally characterized by experimental and theoretical approaches. Energy resolved chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric experiments have allowed unambiguous characterization and differentiation of both the anomers differing at the configuration of the glycosidic C(1) atom, and regio- and structural isomers at extremely low concentrations, typical of mass spectrometry. This study has shown that amine chemical ionization mass spectrometry and MS/MS are powerful and versatile tools for the structural characterization of arylglycosides.     

Electrospray ionization mass spectra of amino acid phosphoramidates of adenosine

Amino acid phosphoramidates of adenosine were synthesized and determined by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The fragmentation pathways were investigated. In the positive ion mass spectra abundant characteristic fragment ions appeared, and many complementary ions were found. In the negative ion mass spectra only a few fragment ions were observed, and most of them contained phosphoryl groups. The results show that ESI-MS is a useful tool for structural determination of amino acid phosphoramidates of nucleosides.     

Analysis of sugar epimers using mass spectrometry: N-acetyllactosamine-6,6'-disulfate and the 2'-epimer

Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-6,6'-disulfate and 2'-epimer corresponding to Galbeta1- 4ManNAc-6,6'-disulfate were distinguished by mass spectrometry by utilizing fast atom bombardment (FAB), electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) methods. As for the steric information, negative-ion ESI mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides the most extensive data, but FAB MS/MS also reveals detailed structural information of interest in our case, where MALDI MS is not yet fully equipped with post-source decay.