氧阴离子引发甲基丙烯酸-2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙酯聚合制备Y型大分子单体

氧阴离子聚合(Oxyanion－initiated Polymerization)是一类新型的聚合方法[‘,’‘．利用个乙烯基苦醇钾作为功能性引发剂,引发甲基丙烯酸－2－(NJ－二乙氨基)乙酯聚合,形成末端带可聚合官能团的大分子单体‘”“．氧阴离子引发剂通常难以引发甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体聚合,但却能引发甲基丙烯酸氨基酯类单体发生聚合．由于氨基乙酯基7位上氮原子的供电子性,它能与钾离子形成螫合物,使氧阴离子的亲核性增加,从而更具有活性,引发单体聚合．氧阴离子聚合具有速度快、活性高、反应温度接近室温和产物的单分散性好等特点．尽管目前还不清楚这种反…     

纤维素-g-聚甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯对SO_4~(2-)的吸附性能研究

将自制的纤维素-g-聚甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(cellulose-g-PDMAEMA)接枝共聚物作为阴离子吸附剂,采用离子色谱方法对其吸附SO42-的能力进行研究。通过考察SO42-浓度、吸附剂接枝率、质量与吸附时间等对吸附能力的影响,建立了一种新型纤维素接枝物吸附剂吸附SO42-的方法。同时应用其吸附橡胶废水中的SO42-。实验结果表明,在较小的吸附剂用量(0.01g)下,对两种橡胶废水样品中SO42-的吸附量分别为9.0mg和15.0mg,为橡胶工业废水处理提供了一个新方法。     

主链含酯键的基于聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的共聚物合成与表征

通过己内酯(CL)和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)的杂化聚合制备了主链含酯键结构单元的聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的共聚物,并通过核磁(~1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)等对聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,膦腈碱t-Bu P4能高效催化CL和DMAEMA的杂化聚合,得到含CL和DMAEMA 2种结构单元的刺激响应性可降解共聚物.该共聚物只存在一个玻璃化转变温度且共聚物组成与单体投料比接近.GPC数据表明共聚物的数均分子量范围为1.63×10~4~2.47×10~4,分子量分布为2.11~2.54.酯键的引入赋予了聚合物良好的降解性能,同时使其低临界相转变温度(LCST)从52.6℃降到了44.5℃.TEM结果表明得到的共聚物能够在水中形成平均直径约60 nm的胶束.     

甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯/丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯的可逆加成断裂链转移聚合研究

合成了二硫代苯甲酸2-(乙氧基羰基)异丙酯(ECPDB)、二硫代苯甲酸异丙苯酯(CDB)、二硫代苯甲酸1-苯基乙酯(PEDB)3种二硫代苯甲酸酯链转移剂.以这3种转移剂为基础,用凝胶渗透色谱和核磁共振测试了甲基丙烯酸N ,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)和丙烯酸N ,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEA)两种碱性单体的可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合的聚合物分子量、分子量分布和结构.发现有的聚合体系聚合物分子量分布较窄,但实验数均分子量与理论数均分子量相差较大;有的体系则转化率很低,聚合物分子量很小.这些可能是由聚合体系中单体活性和链转移剂链转移能力之间的匹配不太协调,使可逆加成断裂链转移快速平衡反应发生偏移或破坏造成的.因此,可通过更换单体或链转移剂来调节这种匹配,从而使可逆加成断裂链转移快速平衡保持稳定,达到聚合更可控,实验分子量与理论分子量更接近,分子量分布更窄的目的.     

甲基丙烯酸2-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的氧化共聚合的机理研究

研究了CuCl/五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)催化的甲基丙烯酸2-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)在氧气存在下的氧化共聚合,通过改变单体配比、催化剂浓度和反应温度对实验条件进行研究.结果显示,在本实验中的单体配比(［DMAEMA］∶［MMA］=10∶0~5∶5)、催化剂浓度(［CuCl/PMDETA3］= 3.1×10-5 mol/L~6×10-3 mol/L)和反应温度(30~80℃)下,聚合均可以顺利发生,而且聚合过程中单体转化率和所得聚合物的分子量都随着反应进行而增加,且分子量呈现宽分布.1H-NMR结果显示所得聚合物中含有DMAEMA和MMA的单体单元.DSC结果显示所得聚合物是一个部分相容体系.利用此方法所得的PDMAEMA进行MMA的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)扩链过程则证实,所得聚合物具有C—Cl末端官能团.由此可以认为,在以上过程中,O2先将CuCl氧化成［Cu(Ⅱ)Cl］+,［Cu(Ⅱ)Cl］+再将二甲胺基氧化成N—CH2・ 自由基,N— CH2・ 自由基与［Cu(Ⅱ)Cl］+构成反向ATRP体系,从而得到以C—Cl为末端的聚合物.     

甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯的CuX/PMDETA催化氧化聚合

在添加一定浓度的CuX (X=Cl/Br)/五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)后,甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯（DMAEMA）于室温下只需暴露于空气中即可聚合形成PDMAEMA.通过一系列对比试验验证了该过程的催化氧化聚合特征,通过改变催化剂浓度与反应温度等反应条件,利用气相色谱、核磁共振和凝胶渗透色谱研究了该聚合过程的动力学和所得PDMAEMA的结构.结果表明,单体转化率与所得聚合物分子量均随反应时间的延长而逐渐增加,过高或者过低浓度的CuX/PMDETA均无法催化该聚合过程,所得聚合物具有与普通线型PDMAEMA类似的化学结构.我们提出了一个假设性的机理以解释此现象.     

过渡金属盐催化甲基丙烯酸2-(N,N-二乙氨基)乙酯的自引发自由基聚合

研究了高氧化态过渡金属盐(CuX2/L、FeX3/L,X=Cl或Br;L=2,2'-联吡啶、N,N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N,N-五甲基二亚乙基三胺;CuSO4)催化甲基丙烯酸2-(N,N-二乙氨基)乙酯(DEAEMA)的自引发氧化聚合,利用气相色谱跟踪单体转化率、利用凝胶渗透色谱和多角激光光散射跟踪聚合物分子量在聚合过程中的变化.结果显示,不加入任何引发剂,高氧化态过渡金属盐可在30~60℃范围内催化DEAEMA的自引发氧化聚合,且随着反应的进行,所得聚合物的分子量随转化率的增大而缓慢上升,且分子量呈现宽分布.多角激光光散射的结果则显示即使低转化率时所得PDEAEMA的绝对分子量也已呈现少见的多峰分布,并且低分子量组分的含量随聚合的进行逐渐减少.通过与CuSO4催化小分子叔胺氧化还原引发能力的比较可知,DEAEMA在高氧化态过渡金属盐的催化下起到自身还原性引发型单体的作用,高氧化态过渡金属盐通过氧化还原将DEAEMA的二乙基氨基位CH键氧化成C自由基,引发DEAEMA的普通自由基聚合,形成线型PDEAEMA初级链.随后高氧化态过渡金属盐与PDEAEMA构成氧化还原体系,引发DEAEMA聚合,最终得到具有一定数量侧链的高分子量支化PDEAEMA.以上结果表明,自身还原性引发型单体可通过一锅煮式普通自由基聚合制备长链支化聚合物.     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯酚光度法测定铀的研究

铀的测定一般采用铀试剂-Ⅲ或5-Br-PADAP光度法。2-喹啉偶氮类试剂已用于一些金属离子的测定,由于其共轭体系大,比吡啶偶氮类试剂具有更高的灵敏度。我们合成了2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯酚(QADMAP),产品经IR,MS及^1H NMR表征(谱图略)。研究其和铀的显色反应,建立了一种测定矿石中铀的方法。     

2-[2''''-(4''''-甲基-苯并噻唑)偶氮]-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸与钯(Ⅱ)显色反应的研究及应用

合成了新试剂2-[2'-(4'-甲基-苯并噻唑)偶氮]-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸,并研究了其与钯(Ⅱ)的显色反应.实验表明,在50%乙醇介质中,该试剂与钻(Ⅱ)反应生成1:l络合物,其最大吸收彼长为698nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为5.83×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).钯量在0~1.3μg/ml范围内符合比尔定律.本法可不经预分离而直接测定催化剂中微量钯,平均回收率为100.4%,结果满意.     

新显色剂2-[2-(5-溴-噻唑)偶氮]-5-二甲氨基苯甲酸与铑的显色反应的研究

本文研究了新显色剂5-Br-TAMB与铑(Ⅱ)的显色反应。在pH5.0～7.0的水溶液中,铑(Ⅱ)与5-Br-TAMB形成1:2型稳定的蓝色配合物,其最大吸收波长为674nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.1×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),铑(Ⅱ)含量在0～12μg/ml范围内服从比耳定律。采用加入适量EDTA的方法消除了Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)等干扰离子。建立了一个在二元配合物体系中具有高灵敏度及选择性、稳定、简便地吸光光度测定微量铑(Ⅱ)的新方法。     

Influence of the nature of the porous confining network on the sorption, diffusion and mechanical properties of hydrogel IPNs

Two series of amphiphilic hydrogels of various compositions were prepared by sequentially interpenetrating two polymer networks, a poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) network inside either a macroporous matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or a macroporous poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) network. In both cases poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) served as network II, and the firstly formed porous network was a hydrophobic homonetwork, PMMA or PEA, that conferred mechanical strength to the hydrogel. In order to obtain hydrogels with high hydrophilic content, the first network was prepared in the presence of a solvent, thus yielding a macroporous network. The two families of IPNs thus obtained were: (net-PMMA)-ipn-(net-PHEA) and (net-PEA)-ipn-(net-PHEA), with a PHEA content ranging from 36% to 87% and from 64% to 94%, respectively. The novelty of the work consisted in comparing the effect of using as the first macroporous network a polymer which is glassy at room temperature (PMMA) and another of the same family (PEA) but which is in the rubber state at room temperature. Swelling studies showed that the specific equilibrium water content of PHEA falls from 1.6 for pure (unconfined) PHEA to values that range from 0.4 to 1, for the (net-PMMA)-ipn-(net-PHEA), whereas in the second IPNs family, the equilibrium water uptake of PHEA phase is, at least, the same as that of the pure PHEA (in some cases it is greater). This means that the expansion of the PHEA phase is not restricted by the confining hydrophobic component when this last is in the rubber state at room temperature. Whereas for the first IPNs the mechanical properties significantly increased (storage modulus at 37 °C from 0.25 to 2.5 GPa) compared with those of pure PHEA (25.12 MPa), little if any reinforcing effect was observed in the second type of IPNs. This is due to the fact that the glass transition of the PEA network takes place at a lower temperature than that of PHEA, so both components are in the rubbery state at room temperature. Both series behave differently also in dynamic water sorption experiments: the rigid PMMA network hinders the diffusion of water, yielding lower values of the apparent diffusion coefficients. By contrast, with the PEA polymer as network I this diffusion is similar to that of the pure PHEA homonetwork.     

New interpenetrating polymer networks based on uralkyd/poly(glycidyl methacrylate)

Semi- and full-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on uralkyd resin (UA)/poly(glycidyl methacrylate) were synthesized in the laboratory by the sequential technique. Infrared spectra of the homopolymers and the IPNs were studied. A study of the mechanical properties viz. tensile strength and elongation percentage was carried out. The apparent densities of the homopolymers and their IPNs were determined and compared. Glass transition studies of the IPNs were conducted with the aid of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Phase morphology of the IPNs was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DSC results revealed a single glass transition temperature (T_g) for both the semi- as well as the full-IPNs suggesting good interpenetration in them. The SEM micrographs as well as the IR-spectra gave an indication that apart form the interpenetration phenomena, grafting reaction between the -NCO groups of UA and the epoxy group of glycidyl methacrylate might have occurred to some extent.     

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Uralkyd Resin Based on Hydrogenated Castor Oil and Poly(Butyl Acrylate)

Abstract

Semi‐ and full‐interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of uralkyd (UA) resin based on hydrogenated castor oil and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) were prepared by the sequential mode of synthesis. These IPNs were characterized for their resistance to thermal behavior, swelling (%), and mechanical properties. The morphology of the IPNs was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the variations of the blend ratios on the above‐mentioned properties was examined. The mechanical properties significantly enhanced by increasing UA component in the blend. Full‐IPNs exhibited higher apparent densities, mechanical properties, and thermal stability than the corresponding semi‐IPNs.     

Damping characteristics and mechanical properties of silica filled PUR/PEMA simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks

Simultaneous polyurethane/poly(ethyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer network was synthesised by the one-shot route at the 70PUR/30PEMA composition ratio. This semi-miscible IPN exhibited its potential as a material for damping application by a broad loss factor (tan δ) ? 0.3 spanning a temperature range of 132 °C. The TEM micrographs revealed a multiphase morphology where the mixing between the two polymers was extensive. Incorporation of silica was made in order to study the effects of filler on the IPN properties in terms of glass transition temperature, dynamic mechanical properties, and mechanical and thermal properties. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis indicated that the filler enhanced the damping ability of the IPN at certain temperature range. Furthermore, the addition of filler resulted in improved material strength.     

INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS BASED ON OIL MODIFIED CASTOR OIL URETHANE AND POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)

Castor oil was initially subjected to an interesterification reaction with linseed and tung oils and the resulting intermediate was used for the preparation of polyurethanes and their IPNs with poly(methyl methacrylate). They were characterized for their physico-mechanical, swelling, and thermal properties. The morphologies of IPNs were studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. On comparing the mechanical properties of castor oil polyurethane (CU) and their IPNs (C-IPNs) with those of the castor oil modified with linseed and tung oil (L-IPN and T-IPN, respectively) it was found that L-IPNs showed higher tensile strength, hardness, and better compatibility than C-IPNs. All IPNs showed synergistic effect in elongation and exhibited similar thermal behavior with no significant change with respect to their composition. However, the castor oil polyurethane and their IPNs showed relatively higher elongation and better resistance to solvents.     

甲基丙烯酸－N，N－二甲氨基乙酯及其聚合物的热和pH响应性

甲基丙烯酸－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲氨基乙酯及其聚合物的热和ｐＨ响应性陈双基，薛梅，李福绵（北京大学分校化学系北京１０００８３）（北京大学化学系北京１００８７１）关键词聚（甲基丙烯酸－Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲氨基乙酯），热响应性，ｐＨ响应性，功能高分子材料近年来，关于热响应...     

聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿聚合物网络的研究

本文对(蓖麻油-聚乙二醇)聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PU/PMMA)互穿聚合物网络(IPN)体系进行了研究.实验结果表明:IPN的力学性能受网络化学构型控制.在PU/PMMA为25/75时,应力-应变曲线出现屈服点,产生类似皮革行为,并在此点抗张强度最高,表现明显的协同效应.动态力学性能及电镜均证明该体系相分离十分严重,通过加入扩链剂及网间交联剂能显著改善两组分相容性,其中网间交联剂效果最好。     

新型X光显影含糖聚合物的合成与表征

用自由基本体聚合方法合成了一种新型的X光显影含糖三元共聚物P(2-IEMA-AcGEMA-MMA). 探讨了单体配比和链转移剂用量对聚合物分子量及其分布的影响, 并用FTIR, 1H NMR和GPC对其结构进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 改变单体配比对聚合物的分子量几乎不产生影响, 但减少链转移剂用量时, 可明显增加三元共聚物的分子量. 聚合物分子量分布一般在2~3之间, 符合自由基聚合产物分子量分布的一般规律. 聚合物具有良好的显影性, 显影效果随着样品厚度的增加而增强.     

聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的相容性与力学性能

用同步法合成了聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物［ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／ＰＭＭＡＩＰＮ］，调节ＩＰＮ中两组分组成比制备出由完全弹性体、增强弹性体、增韧塑料到脆性塑料多种高聚物合金材料．用ＤＳＣ、动态力学谱、ＴＥＭ对ＩＰＮ的研究结果表明，ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／ＰＭＭＡＩＰＮ的两组分是完全相容的；同时对各种组成比的ＩＰＮ材料进行力学性能测试，用相容性ＩＰＮ中互穿、缠结结构解释其力学行为，并用ＳＥＭ对断面形貌进行了观察解释．