Simulation of natural convection under high magnetic field by means of the thermal lattice Boltzmann method

The thermal lattice Boltzmann method (TLBM), which was proposed by J. G. M. Eggels and J. A. Somers previously, has been improved in this paper. The improved method has introduced a new equilibrium solution for the temperature distribution function on the assumption that flow is incompressible, and it can correct the effect of compressibility on the macroscopic temperature computed. Compared to the previous method, where the half-way bounce back boundary condition was used for non-slip velocity and temperature, a non-equilibrium extrapolation scheme has been adopted for both velocity and temperature boundary conditions in this paper. Its second-order accuracy coincides with the ensemble accuracy of lattice Boltzmann method. In order to validate the improved thermal scheme, the natural convection of air in a square cavity is simulated by using this method. The results obtained in the simulation agree very well with the data of other numerical methods and benchmark data. It is indicated that the improved TLBM is also successful for the simulations of non-isothermal flows. Moreover, this thermal scheme can be applied to simulate the natural convection in a non-uniform high magnetic field. The simulation has been completed in a square cavity filled with the aqueous solutions of KCl (11wt%), which is considered as a diamagnetic fluid with electrically low-conducting, with Grashof number Gr=4.64× 10^4 and Prandtl number Pr=7.0. And three cases, with different cavity locations in the magnetic field, have been studied. In the presence of a high magnetic field, the natural convection is quenched by the body forces exerted on the electrically low-conducting fluids, such as the magnetization force and the Lorentz force. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the quenching efficiencies decrease with the variation of location from left, symmetrical line, to the right. These phenomena originate from the different distributions of the magnetic field strengths in the zones of the symmetrical central line of the magnetic fields. The results are also compared with those without a magnetic field. Finally, we can conclude that the improved TLBM will enable effective simulation of the natural convection under a high magnetic field.     

热声热机热声核内传热与流动特性实验研究

本文通过搭建扬声器驱动的热声热机可视化实验台,利用粒子成像测速仪(PIV)和红外热像仪得到冷、热端换热器间速度及温度场分布,对有无声场两种情况下热声核中速度及温度场的变化进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,外加声场改变了热声核中热对流的基本模式,增强了冷热端换热器间的换热能力,对热声核中的温度分布有着显著的影响。揭示了热声核中的流动与换热规律。     

用矢量势和涡方程计算闭腔内水的三维自然对流

本文应用三维矢量势和涡函数,导出了水的密度和温度之间任意变化情况下的矢量势和涡方程。然后利用矢量势和涡方程以及人工瞬变方法计算封闭腔中水的三维粘性自然对流。最后通过典型算例来分析和讨论水的密度和温度之间的反常变化特性对其三维自然对流的影响。     

Neural-net based modeling of velocity and concentration fields

This paper proposes a novel algorithm using an artificial neural network for modeling simultaneously both a 3-D flow velocity vector and a concentration field. The neural network is trained so that four outputted values of the network, three components of a 3-D velocity vector and a concentration of substances such as air pollutants or bacilli, agree with measured ones and additionally the continuity and diffusion equations are satisfied in the flow field. An approximate model for the velocity and concentration field can be constructed in the neural network from sparsely measured data. When any 3-D position, (x, y, z), is inputted to the neural network model, it outputs a 3-D velocity vector and a concentration at the position. The entire 3-D velocity vector and concentration field, therefore, can be easily estimated using the model. To validate the algorithm, the smoke concentration distribution estimated from a very limited set of measured data is compared with the measured one in which most of the data is unused for the modeling. Even from sparsely measured velocity vectors and smoke concentrations, the novel algorithm gives the entire concentration distribution whose flow characteristics are almost similar to the experimental result.     

强迫对流影响二元合金非等温凝固枝晶生长的相场法模拟

在二元合金相场模型的研究基础上,建立了耦合溶质场、温度场和流场的相场模型,采用Simple算法求解质量和动量守恒方程,用交替隐式有限差分法求解温度控制方程,模拟了流场作用下二元合金等温和非等温凝固过程中枝晶的生长过程,研究了流场对枝晶生长形貌、溶质场和温度场分布情况的影响,将流场作用下二元合金等温和非等温凝固枝晶生长过程进行比较,分析了由于凝固潜热的释放对流场作用下凝固枝晶生长的影响． 关键词： 相场法 对流 非等温凝固 枝晶生长     

Three-dimensional mixed convection flow with variable thermal conductivity and frictional heating

In this article,three-dimensional mixed convection flow over an exponentially stretching sheet is investigated.Energy equation is modelled in the presence of viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity.Temperature of the sheet is varying exponentially and is chosen in a form that facilitates the similarity transformations to obtain self-similar equations.Resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically employing the Runge-Kutta shooting method.In order to check the accuracy of the method,these equations are also solved using bvp4c built-in routine in Matlab.Both solutions are in excellent agreement.The effects of physical parameters on the dimensionless velocity field and temperature are demonstrated through various graphs.The novelty of this analysis is the self-similar solution of the threedimensional boundary layer flow in the presence of mixed convection,viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity.     

NMR imaging of thermal convection patterns

Two special magnetic resonance imaging techniques were applied to the Rayleigh/Bénard problem of thermal convection for the first time. The methods were tested using a water cell with horizontal bottom and top covers kept at different temperatures with a downward gradient. Using Fourier encoding velocity imaging (FEVI) a five-dimensional image data set was recorded referring to two space dimensions of slice-selective images and all three components of the local velocity vector. On this basis, the fields of the velocity components or of the velocity magnitude were evaluated quantitatively and rendered as gray shade images. Furthermore the convection rolls were visualized with the aid of two- or three-dimensional multistripe/multiplane tagging imaging pulse sequences based on two or three DANTE combs for the space directions to be probed. Movies illustrating the fluid motions by convection in all three space dimensions were produced. It is demonstrated that the full spatial information of the convection rolls is accessible with microscopic resolution of typically 100 × 100 × 100 μm³. This resolution is effectively limited by flow displacements in the echo time, which should be well within the voxel dimension. The main perspective of this work is that the combined application of FEVI and multistripe/multiplane tagging imaging permits quantitative examinations of thermal convection for arbitrary boundary conditions and with imposed through-flow apart from the direct visualization of convective flow in the form of movies.     

水平圆管通道内热磁对流的实验研究

由于温度分布不均匀而导致磁场中的磁性流体受到非平衡的磁场力作用,而发生流动的现象,称为热磁对流。它是一种由体积力驱动的类似自然对流的流动,可以通过设计合适的磁场来控制热磁对流的强度和方向。本文对水平圆管通道内热磁对流进行了实验研究,测量了通道内及壁面的温度分布,并通过两种不同的方法根据实验测得的温度分布估算了热磁对流的流量和速度的大小。     

EFFECTS OF FREE-STREAM VELOCITY ON TURBULENT NATURAL-CONVECTION FLOW ALONG A VERTICAL PLATE

A detailed measurement of heat transfer and fluid flow of turbulent boundary-layer air flow in natural and mixed convection adjacent to an isothermal vertical flat plate are reported. A cold-wire anemometer and laser Doppler velocimeter were used, respectively, to measure simultaneously the time-mean turbulent temperature and velocity distributions and their turbulent fluctuations. In this experimental study, measurements of the flow and thermal fields were carried out at one streamwise location, x     

三维方腔内竖直平板自然对流的数值模拟

三维方腔内竖直平板自然对流的数值模拟杨沫，李少华，徐志明，杨善让（东北电力学院动力系吉林１３２０１２）陶文铨（西安交通大学动力系西安７１００４９）关键词封闭腔；自然对流；数值模拟１引言三维封闭腔内孤立物体的自然对流换热在工程上具有广泛应用背景。例如；...     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的超声速非平衡流模拟

基于D1Q4可压缩格子Boltzmann模型,按照流通矢量分裂方法的思路,采用坐标旋转技术构造求解三维带化学反应Navier-Stokes方程对流通量求解器.结合有限体积法求解三维化学非平衡流Navier-Stokes方程,采用时间算子分裂算法解决化学反应刚性问题,数值模拟超声速化学非平衡流的三个经典算例.数值结果表明:在高马赫数下,采用D1Q4可压缩格子Boltzmann模型构造的三维对流通量求解器数值模拟中没有出现非物理解,同时在超声速化学非平衡流场中正确分辨激波、燃烧波等物理现象,精度和分辨率均较高,验证了本文构造的三维对流通量求解器的可靠性,拓宽了D1Q4可压缩格子Boltzmann模型的应用范围,为计算超声速化学非平衡流提供一种新方法.     

直拉法晶体生长过程非稳态流体热流耦合

为了改善复杂对流形态下的晶体生长品质, 提出了一种改进的格子Boltzmann方法研究非稳态熔体流动和传热的耦合性质. 该方法基于不可压缩轴对称D2Q9模型, 构建了包含旋转惯性力和热浮力等外力项的演化关系, 实现了对轴对称旋转流体的速度、温度和旋转角速度的计算与分析. 结果表明, 非稳态熔体中的流、热耦合性质与格拉斯霍夫数和雷诺数的相互作用有关; 通过调节高雷诺数, 可有效抑制熔体中的自然对流, 改善温度分布, 有助于提高单晶的品质. 数值计算结果与实际硅单晶生长试验均证明了所提方法的正确性及有效性.     

“绿色”液体激光介质的热流场特性研究

选取掺钕四氟化钆钠(Nd3+:NaGdF4)纳米晶分散到二甲基亚砜作为"绿色"液体介质,构建单侧抽运和液体横流系统,使用ANSYS软件对液体介质稳定热流场分布进行模拟分析。结果表明:当流道形状、流动状态、壁面相同时,液体流场分布基本相同,泵浦光的频率对流场分布影响很小;液体介质入口的流速会影响流线分布,流速越快,流线越密;泵浦区域中,介质沿着液体流动方向温度逐渐升高;在液体流向变化小的区域,可获得较为均匀的温度分布。     

Numerical modeling of the effect of number of electrodes on natural convection in an EHD fluid

Numerical modeling of the electrohydrodynamic effect on natural convection in enclosures is investigated. The interactions between electric field, flow field, and temperature field are analyzed by using the computational fluid dynamics technique. Flow pattern and temperature distribution are substantially affected by the voltage supplied at the wire electrodes, especially at low Rayleigh number. It can be concluded that the fluid velocity and heat transfer coefficient in the presence of an electric field are significantly increased with when a large number of electrodes is used. Surprisingly, a minimum value of augmented heat transfer occurs with an intermediate number of electrodes. The optimized condition between the aspect ratio of an enclosure and number of electrodes which leads to maximum heat transfer enhancement is expressed in terms of the parameters concerned.     

基于总能形式的耦合的双分布函数热晶格玻尔兹曼数值方法

双分布函数热晶格玻尔兹曼数值方法在微尺度热流动系统中得到广泛的应用. 本文基于晶格玻尔兹曼平衡分布函数低阶Hermite展开式, 创新性地提出了包含黏性热耗散和压缩功的耦合的双分布函数热晶格玻尔兹曼数值方法, 将能量场内温度的变化以动量源的形式引入晶格波尔兹曼动量演化方程, 实现了能量场与动量场之间的耦合. 研究了考虑黏性热耗散和压缩功的和不考虑的两种热自然对流模型, 重点分析了不同瑞利数和普朗特数下流场内的流动情况以及温度、速度和平均努赛尔数的变化趋势. 本文实验结果与文献结果一致, 验证了本文数值方法的可行性和准确性. 研究结果表明: 随着瑞利数和普朗特数的增大, 方腔内对流传热作用逐渐增强, 边界处形成明显的边界层; 考虑黏性热耗散和压缩功的模型对流作用相对增强, 黏性热耗散和压缩功对自然对流的影响在微尺度流动过程中不能忽略.     

Étude numérique de l'influence du transfert radiatif sur la convection naturelle laminaire,bidimensionnelle, permanente,dans un espace annulaire d'axe horizontal,délimité par deux cylindres circulaires isothermes

Combined radiation and natural convection in a participating medium between concentric or vertically eccentric horizontal cylinders is investigated numerically. The annular medium is considered as a gray, emitting, absorbing, and isotropically scattering gas. The equations of steady, laminar, two-dimensional, thermal, natural convection are written by using a two-cylindrical coordinate system, the stream function, and the vorticity. The finite volumes method is used to discretize the coupled equations of momentum, energy, and radiative transfer. To solve the global nonlinear algebraic equations the successive-over-relaxation iterating scheme is applied. Numerical solutions are obtained for a Rayleigh number in the range 10³–10⁵ and radiation-conduction parameter ranging from 0 to ∞. The influences of radiation-conduction parameter, Rayleigh number and other parameters on flow and temperature distributions and heat transfer are discussed.     

矩形腔内纯水凝固过程实验研究

应用PIV并结合温度变化研究纯水在矩形腔内凝固过程中的热自然对流.在侧壁和底部冷却条件下,水平温度梯度是液相区流动产生和发展的主要原因.随着冷却进行,主流区域出现新的对流涡,液相区出现流动反转现象;纯水的临界冰核尺度较大,发生过冷凝固;降低冷端温度可以强化热对流强度,提高凝固速度.     

Advection and Thermal Diode

We prove that under the condition of closed boundary to mass flux, pure advection is not a valid mechanism to make a practical thermal diode. Among the various designs of thermal diodes, many of them involve circulating fluid flow, such as in thermosyphons. However, those designs often employ natural convection, which is basically a nonlinear process. It thus remains unclear how the pure advection of temperature field induced by a decoupled velocity field influences the symmetry of heat transfer. Here we study three typical models with pure advection:one with open boundary, one with closed boundary at unsteady state, and one with closed boundary at steady state. It is shown that only the last model is practical, while it cannot become a thermal diode. Finally, a general proof is given for our claim by analyzing the diffusive reciprocity.     

Natural convection in a fluid with nonuniformly distributed volumetric heat generation

Characteristics of natural convection are analyzed for a heat-generating fluid in an enclosure cooled from the side, with nonuniformly distributed internal heat sources. A theoretical analysis based on analytical estimates and direct numerical simulations is presented. Under certain conditions, the characteristics of natural convection are found to be independent of the details of heat source distribution in horizontal cross sections of the flow domain. The corresponding distributions of bulk temperature and heat transfer to the wall are uniquely determined by the vertical distribution of the horizontally averaged heat source strength.     

Influence of bioconvection on Maxwell nanofluid flow with the swimming of motile microorganisms over a vertical rotating cylinder

In recent times, bioconvection phenomenon through the use of nanomaterials has encountered significant manufacturing and technical applications. Bioconvection has several applications in bio-micro-system, due to the enhancement in mass transformation and mixing, which are crucial problems in different micro-systems. The aim of current article is to scrutinize the bioconvection phenomenon in 3D Maxwell nanofluid flow with useful characteristics of mixed convection, activation energy, motile microorganisms and solutal boundary conditions. The flow problem focused on the related laws, outcomes in a series of PDEs which have also been delayed in ODE's structure. The numerical method based on a shooting technique is applied to implement a bvp4c solver using the computational software MATLAB. Shooting tactic is utilized to construct the numerical arrangement of subsequent problem. The mathematical division for the local Nusselt number, the motile microorganism's number, and the local Sherwood number is provided when applying different characteristics to the concerned parameters. The hypothetical simulations mentioned may be more successful in enhancing thermal extrusion mechanisms and solar energy structures. The numerical results regarding flow, thermal field, solutal field and concentration of microorganisms are revealed for growing values of interesting parameters. Furthermore, it is inspected that velocity field dwindles with enlarged variation of Maxwell fluid parameter. It is analyzed that radial velocity of Maxwell nanofluid reduces for larger magnitude of mixed convection parameter. Additionally, temperature profile of species upsurges for larger values of thermal stratification Biot number. Moreover, it is inspected that concentration of species decline for higher estimation of Lewis number while enhanced for activation energy parameter. Microorganisms concentration field of Maxwell nanofluid is detected to be an declining function of Peclet number and bioconvection Lewis number. Angorgeous concurrence is obtained when our accomplished numerical results are compared with an already existed magnitudes in limiting condition; hence dependable results are being eliminated.