柱芳烃机械互锁结构的制备及功能化

柱芳烃是一类具有柱状空腔结构的大环主体,近年来逐渐成为主客体作用构筑超分子体系的重要模块之一。柱芳烃家族包含柱[5]芳烃到柱[15]芳烃等成员,其中柱[5]芳烃为热力学稳定产物,合成产率最高;其次为柱[6]芳烃。柱[5]芳烃或柱[6]芳烃可做为主体,参与构筑[1](准)轮烷、[1](准)索烃等机械自锁结构,以及[n]轮烷(n≥2)、[2]索烃、雏菊链等机械互锁结构;体系中独立分子之间存在相对运动,如轮烷中柱芳烃在轴线上可以进行穿梭运动;丰富的衍生基团赋予柱芳烃互锁结构相应的功能,如手性翻转、荧光共振能量转移、超分子凝胶、Langmuir膜、催化反应等,甚至基于柱芳烃轮烷还可构筑更复杂的树枝状分子。本文综述了柱芳烃超分子互锁体系的研究进展,详细阐述了基于柱芳烃的互锁结构的合成方法及其功能化并讨论了其在构筑分子器件及其他超分子复杂体系方面的应用前景。     

基于柱[5]芳烃的新型双-[1]轮烷的设计与合成

以不同长度的亚烷基二胺单元作为柱[5]芳烃边缘侧链的一系列柱[5]单酰胺衍生物,在氯仿中能够形成准[1]轮烷.基于这一中间体准[1]轮烷的合成,通过柱[5]单酰胺衍生物和双水杨醛的缩合反应,成功构建了8个柱芳烃的机械自锁分子(MSMs),即双-[1]轮烷.通过多种方法详细地对新合成的双-[1]轮烷进行了研究,包括1HNMR, 13CNMR,2D NOESY NMR和MS分析,发现这类新型MSMs与Cu~(2+)有较强的识别作用,两者之间以1∶2进行络合.     

呼吸图法制备基于准聚轮烷的响应性薄膜

响应性薄膜能够响应外界的刺激来改变自身的结构或性能,是智能材料的重要组成部分.本工作以1,4-二乙氧基柱[5]芳烃(1,4-diethoxypillar[5]arene,DEP5A)和聚己内酯-b-聚乙二醇-b-聚己内酯(PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL)构建的准聚轮烷(polypseudorotaxane,PPR)为原...     

水溶性柱[6]芳烃与1,1'-双取代二茂铁衍生物的主-客体作用研究

基于单取代二茂铁与柱芳烃主体大环分子构筑的超分子功能体系在诸多领域中已经取得了较好的进展.对1,1'-双取代二茂铁衍生物与水溶性柱[6]芳烃的主-客体作用进行了初步的探索与研究,为以后开展基于双取代二茂铁衍生物与水溶性柱[6]芳烃的轮烷、准轮烷体系以及其他相关超分子功能体系奠定基础.     

基于碘功能化柱[5]芳烃超分子有机凝胶的制备和性能

柱芳烃作为一种新型的大环芳烃化合物,基于柱芳烃的超分子凝胶一直深受大家关注.设计合成了一种碘功能化的柱[5]芳烃.该柱[5]芳烃在环己醇中可以形成稳定的超分子有机凝胶,相转变温度约为96℃.分别使用浓度核磁,2DNOESY氢谱,X射线衍射(XRD)粉末衍射和扫描电镜等实验对凝胶的形成过程进行了表征.结果表明,碘功能化的柱[5]芳烃自组装形成了一种片状结构.同时,研究了该凝胶的荧光识别性质.当在凝胶上分别加入Fe~(3+),Ag~+,Ca~(2+),Co~(2+), Ni~(2+), Cd~(2+), Pb~(2+), Zn~(2+), Cu~(2+), Mg~(2+)和Hg~(2+)等金属离子, 10 min后发现Hg~(2+)和Ag~+可以使凝胶的蓝色荧光猝灭.因此,该凝胶可以用于荧光检测Hg~(2+)与Ag~+.     

硫、硒杯[4]芳烃萃取银

以5,11,17,23-四（1,1-二甲基乙基）-25,27-二羟基-26,28-二[（2-乙基硫）乙氧基]杯[4]芳烃（1）和5,11,17,23-四（1,1-二甲基乙基）-25,27-二羟-26,28-二[（2-乙基硒）]乙氧基杯[4]芳烃（2）为萃取剂,研究了在弱酸性条件下杯芳烃衍生物与银的络合行为。杯芳烃衍生物与银形成1：1萃取络合物,在大量碱金属、碱土金属、常见过渡金属离子存在下,对银离子有很高的萃取率和选择性。     

准聚轮烷的研究进展

准聚轮烷由于在刺激响应性材料、自修复材料、分子机器及荧光传感器等领域有着潜在的应用价值,近年来引起了研究人员极大的兴趣。根据准轮烷基团所处位置的不同,可将准聚轮烷分为三种类型：主链型、侧链型和其他类型 （如支化和网状准聚轮烷等）。本综述主要根据上述三种类型,基于冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲和柱芳烃这五种超分子主体分子所构筑的准聚轮烷的最新研究进展进行简要的综述,并对其未来的发展作了进一步的展望。     

1,4-双正丙氧基柱[7]芳烃的合成及主客体化学

我们以1,4-二正丙氧基-2,5-双甲氧甲基苯为原料用对甲苯磺酸为催化剂在二氯甲烷中制备了1,4-双正丙氧基柱[5]芳烃, 1,4-双正丙氧基柱[6]芳烃和1,4-双正丙氧基柱[7]芳烃. 我们用氢谱, 碳谱和质谱对它们进行了表征. 它们有不同的氢谱却有相似的碳谱. 对比它们的空腔尺寸, 柱[5]的内径大约是4.6 Å, 与葫芦脲[6]及α-环糊精类似. 柱[6]的内径大约是6.7 Å, 与葫芦脲[7]及β-环糊精类似. 柱[7]的内径大约是8.7 Å, 与葫芦脲[8]及γ-环糊精类似. 我们用正辛基三乙基六氟磷酸铵盐作为模型客体研究了它们之间的主客体络合. 柱[5]与之有微弱的络合, 柱[6]显示了良好的络合, 而柱[7]与之没有络合.     

基于柱[n]芳烃(准)轮烷的研究进展

柱芳烃作为一类新型的大环主体分子,自2008年首次报道以来,引起了人们,特别是化学家的广泛关注.目前,它已在分子识别、(准)轮烷、超分子聚合物、分子弹簧、智能跨膜离子通道、囊泡、金属有机骨架结构等众多研究领域作为重要模块得到初步的应用.主要将以柱芳烃作为主体大环分子来构筑(准)轮烷的研究进展进行简要的综述,同时还介绍了基于柱芳烃的(准)聚轮烷的研究概况,并对未来的发展作了进一步展望.     

镧系超分子核酸荧光探针的研究和应用 --杯[4]芳烃对Pr(Ⅲ)自发荧光的猝灭作用

研究了Pr(Ⅲ)-杯[4]芳烃-DNA体系的相互作用和荧光发光情况.试验结果表明,Pr(Ⅲ)可产生λex,max=300.0nm、λem,max=600.0nm的自发荧光,杯[4]芳烃在一定条件下能猝灭其荧光,加入DNA后荧光产生大幅增强,故可以杯[4]芳烃与Pr(Ⅲ)形成的发光镧系超分子作荧光探针测定DNA,同时初步探讨了体系相互作用机理.试验方法的线性范围为0～1.0μg@ml-1和2.0～4.0μg@ml-1,检出限为1.276×10-3μg@ml-1.此法简单、灵敏、可靠.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.