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在有机化学反应中,过渡金属和有机小分子催化剂联合催化反应为构建复杂结构分子提供了强有力的策略。根据催化剂的作用方式以及加料的顺序不同,可分为协同催化、串联/序列催化。随着对氮杂环卡宾催化反应的不断深入研究,氮杂环卡宾与Br?nsted酸/碱,Lewis酸串联/序列催化或协同催化得到了迅速发展,实现了反应选择性、对映选择性及非对映选择性的精准调控。目前,氮杂环卡宾在与钯、钛、铜和钌等过渡金属协同催化反应中取得了重要进展,该类反应可被用于一些手性活性分子、生物医药小分子等骨架的构建,具有潜在的应用价值及发展前景。 相似文献
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N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) plays an important role in catalytic processes, as the catalyst it has shown high activities in organic reactions. Synthesis of chiral triazole carbene, the structure and the application of NHCs in asymmetric catalytic benzoin reactions are described. The aims are to broad students' vision and make students feel the charm of organic chemistry through extension of undergraduate curriculum content. Meanwhile, their ability of finding, analyzing and solving problems on the basis of generalizing and thinking about the knowledge will be improved. 相似文献
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七元环作为重要的结构单元广泛存在于多种天然产物、活性化合物和药物分子中.与五、六元环结构相比,七元环的构筑更具挑战性,且合成方法相对较少.因此,发展高效构筑七元环结构的方法具有重要意义.氮杂环卡宾(NHC)为重要的有机催化剂,其共价催化特性为高效构筑多种新颖手性结构提供了独特方法.尽管该领域已取得重要进展,然而,目前大量研究仍集中于构筑五、六元环结构.综述了近年来利用NHC催化策略构筑七元环结构的研究进展.通过对NHC催化构筑七元环结构合成策略的总结,旨在启发从事相关领域的合成化学家发展更多高效构筑七元环的新策略. 相似文献
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近年来,氮杂环卡宾作为有机小分子催化剂在共催化领域取得了飞速发展,氮杂环卡宾通过与Lewis酸、Brønsted酸、Brønsted碱、氢键等不同催化模式相结合,可以有效提升惰性底物的活性和催化体系的立体控制能力,该策略已经成为复杂手性分子骨架合成的重要工具.相对而言,由于氮杂环卡宾与过渡金属的强配位能力,其与过渡金属共催化反应依旧是氮杂环卡宾在共催化领域中长期存在的挑战性工作.目前,氮杂环卡宾在与钯、铜和钌的共催化反应中取得了重要进展,通过配体和反应体系中碱性强弱的调控,可以有效实现氮杂环卡宾与过渡金属配位的可控调节,避免催化剂失活的同时提升反应体系催化活性.这一策略已经被成功用于一些活性分子骨架构建.本文将对该领域中的研究进展进行介绍. 相似文献
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Michael加成反应是有机化学中的重要反应,作为有机催化剂的氮杂环卡宾也能够催化Michael加成反应。本文主要对氮杂环卡宾催化的Michael加成反应进行了详细介绍,氮杂环卡宾可以和醛进行结合,形成具有亲核性的Breslow中间体,醛的反应极性由亲电性转变为亲核性,极性反转的醛与α,β-不饱和酮、酯等Michael受体发生加成反应,即Stetter反应;氮杂环卡宾也可以作为Br?nsted碱,活化醇等发生Michael加成反应。对于氮杂环卡宾催化的Michael加成反应的介绍,能够丰富和拓展基础教学中Michael加成反应知识点的内容,有利于学生了解学科的前沿发展,激发学生的学习兴趣。 相似文献
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提高催化剂在反应体系中的分散性,是有效提高催化剂活性的重要手段。本文利用Ullmann反应在大位阻氮杂环卡宾配体(NHC配体)上修饰丙三醇基团,以此来提高催化剂的分散性,进而促进其催化效率的提升。并通过这种大位阻NHC配体与乙酰丙酮钯的络合反应,制备高活性的钯复合物催化剂,进一步以Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应为模型反应,评价该催化剂的活性与稳定性。结果表明,该催化剂在多种溶剂中表现出较好的分散性,针对溴苯甲醚和苯硼酸的偶联反应,在不同催化条件下,均表现出良好的催化活性,其中转化数(TON)值最高可达到99000。而且该催化剂针对溴苯与苯硼酸的反应体系中,具有广泛的反应底物适用性。与传统的四-(三苯基膦)钯相比较,该催化剂在空气气氛中仍可保持高效的催化行为,表现出较好的稳定性。 相似文献
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Jin‐Hui Xu Sheng‐Cai Zheng Ji‐Wei Zhang Prof. Dr. Xin‐Yuan Liu Prof. Dr. Bin Tan 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(39):11834-11839
A chiral‐NHC‐catalyzed highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective dearomatizing double Mannich reaction of isoquinolines was developed that provides a powerful and straightforward synthetic route toward substituted tropane derivatives with four contiguous stereocenters. A unique feature of this strategy is the use of readily available isoquinolines to provide two reactive sites for dearomatization, thus opening up an unprecedented approach to tropane derivatives with excellent stereoselectivity. The four‐component reactions proceeded smoothly with good results. Thus, the present method is suitable for the diversity‐oriented synthesis of useful tropane derivatives with high efficiency. 相似文献
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Dr. Lenka Pallova Dr. Laura Abella Marion Jean Dr. Nicolas Vanthuyne Cécile Barthes Dr. Laure Vendier Prof. Jochen Autschbach Dr. Jeanne Crassous Dr. Stéphanie Bastin Dr. Vincent César 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(17):e202200166
The first chiral helicene-NHC gold(I) complexes efficient in enantioselective catalysis were prepared. The L-shaped chiral ligand is composed of an imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene (IPy) scaffold laterally substituted by a configurationally stable [5]-helicenoid unit. The chiral information was introduced in a key post-functionalization step of a NHC-gold(I) complex bearing a symmetrical anionic fluoreno[5]helicene substituent, leading to a racemic mixture of complexes featuring three correlated elements of chirality, namely central, axial and helical chirality. After HPLC enantiomeric resolution, X-ray crystallography and theoretical calculations enabled structural and stereochemical characterization of these configurationally stable NHC-gold(I) complexes. The high potential in asymmetric catalysis is demonstrated in the benchmark cycloisomerization of N-tethered 1,6-enynes with up to 95 : 5 er. 相似文献
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Qiupeng Peng Donghui Guo Jianbo Bie Prof. Dr. Jian Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(14):3767-3771
The unprecedented enantioselective aza‐benzoin reaction of aldehydes with 2H‐azirines was developed by utilizing a chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene as the catalyst. A wide range of corresponding aziridines can be obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities. The obtained optically active aziridines should be useful in the synthesis of other valuable molecules. 相似文献
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Dr. Chinna Ayya Swamy P Andrii Varenikov Dr. Graham de Ruiter 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(11):2333-2337
A chiral iridium carbene-oxazoline catalyst is reported that is able to directly and efficiently hydrogenate a wide variety of ketones in excellent yields and good enantioselectivity (up to 93 % ee). Moreover, when using racemic α-substituted ketones, excellent diastereoselectivities were obtained (dr 99:1) by dynamic kinetic resolution of the in situ formed enolate. Overall, the herein described hydrogenation occurs under ambient conditions using low hydrogen pressures, providing a direct and atom efficient method towards chiral secondary alcohols. 相似文献
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Dr. Ke‐Yin Ye Qiang Cheng Dr. Chun‐Xiang Zhuo Prof. Li‐Xin Dai Prof. Dr. Shu‐Li You 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(28):8113-8116
A chiral iridium(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene complex was reported for the first time as the catalyst in the highly enantioselective intramolecular allylic amination reaction. The current method provides facile access to biologically important enantioenriched indolopiperazinones and piperazinones in good yields (74–91 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (92–99 % ee). Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal that the C?H activation occurs at the position ortho to the N‐aryl group of the ligand. 相似文献
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Xiying Zhang Wangbin Wu Weidi Cao Han Yu Xi Xu Xiaohua Liu Xiaoming Feng 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(12):4846-4850
Highly efficient asymmetric intermolecular radical‐polar crossover reactions were realized by combining a chiral N,N′‐dioxide/NiII complex catalyst with Ag2O under mild reaction conditions. Various terminal alkenes and indanonecarboxamides/esters underwent radical addition/cyclization reactions to afford spiro‐iminolactones and spirolactones with good to excellent yields (up to 99 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee). Furthermore, a range of different radical‐mediated oxidation/elimination or epoxide ring‐opening products were obtained under mild reaction conditions. The Lewis acid catalysts exhibited excellent performance and precluded the strong background reaction. 相似文献
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Yoshihiro Shimoyama Dr. Tomoya Ishizuka Dr. Hiroaki Kotani Prof. Dr. Yoshihito Shiota Prof. Dr. Kazunari Yoshizawa Dr. Kaoru Mieda Prof. Dr. Takashi Ogura Dr. Toshihiro Okajima Prof. Dr. Shunsuke Nozawa Prof. Dr. Takahiko Kojima 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(45):14041-14045
Proton‐coupled electron‐transfer oxidation of a RuII?OH2 complex, having an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, gives a RuIII?O. species, which has an electronically equivalent structure of the RuIV=O species, in an acidic aqueous solution. The RuIII?O. complex was characterized by spectroscopic methods and DFT calculations. The oxidation state of the Ru center was shown to be close to +3; the Ru?O bond showed a lower‐energy Raman scattering at 732 cm?1 and the Ru?O bond length was estimated to be 1.77(1) Å. The RuIII?O. complex exhibits high reactivity in substrate oxidation under catalytic conditions; particularly, benzaldehyde and the derivatives are oxidized to the corresponding benzoic acid through C?H abstraction from the formyl group by the RuIII?O. complex bearing a strong radical character as the active species. 相似文献
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Metal carbenes derived from transition metal‐catalyzed decomposition of diazo compounds react with nucleophiles with heteroatoms, such as alcohols and amines, to generate highly active oxonium/ammonium ylides intermediates. These intermediates can be trapped by appropriate electrophiles to provide three‐component products. Based on this novel trapping process, we have developed novel multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of diazo compounds, alcohols/anilines, and electrophiles. The nucleophiles were also extended to electron‐rich heterocycles (indoles and pyrroles)/arenes, in which the resulting zwitterionic intermediates were also trapped by electrophiles. By employing efficient catalysis strategy, the reactions were realized with excellent stereocontrol and wide substrate scope. In this personal account, we introduce our breakthroughs in the development of novel asymmetric MCRs via trapping of the active ylides and zwitterionic intermediates with a number of electrophiles, such as imines, aldehyde, and Michael acceptors, under asymmetric catalysis. Transition metal/chiral Lewis acid catalysis, transition metal/Brønsted acid catalysis, and chiral transition‐metal catalysis, enable excellent stereocontrolled outcomes. The methodologies not only provide experimental evidence to support the existence of protic onium ylides intermediates/zwitterionic intermediates and the stepwise pathways of carbene‐induced O?H, N?H and C?H insertions, but also offer a novel approach for the efficient construction of chiral polyfunctional molecules. 相似文献