基于综合实验周的工程伦理教育新模式研究

通过分析工程伦理教育的独立设课和跨课程教学模式不足,结合工科专业教学体系重视实践教学的背景,首次提出在综合实验周中融入工程伦理教育的新型教学模式。具体以"材料回收与资源综合利用实验周"为例,从教学目标、内容设计、教学形式和评价标准等方面,探讨在综合实验周教学环节对学生进行工程伦理教育。新教学模式凸显工程伦理教育实践有效性,切实提高学生的工程伦理意识和工程伦理实践能力。     

化学实验课程的信息化教学设计——以实验项目“水中化学需氧量COD的测定”为例

根据信息化教学的理念和特征,本文提出了信息化教学模式,并以实验项目"水中化学需氧量COD的测定"为案例,探讨该模式在化学实验教学中的运用,分析新模式对化学实验教学的影响。实践表明,在新教学模式下学生对该实验的掌握程度明显提高,大大缩短了实验时间,提高了教学效果。     

基于"虚实结合"的医用有机化学实验混合教学模式的应用与探索

针对现有医用有机化学实验课程教学内容单一、教学模式传统、实验学时不足、学生重视程度不够等问题,构建了基于"虚实结合"的医用有机化学实验混合教学模式,主要包括教学方法变更、教学内容丰富、虚拟仿真实验引入、课程考核体系完善.实践发现,混合教学模式的应用更好地培养了学生自主创新的实践能力,为实践课程教育改革提供了有效依据,同时,让实践教学以时时、处处、人人皆可学的"新形态"展现在学生面前.     

高师“化学教学论”课堂教学改革与实践

"化学教学论"是高师院校化学教育专业中最能体现师范性,与基础教育化学教育教学联系最为紧密的一门专业必修课程,但没有得到师范生应有的重视。为此,内蒙古师范大学的"化学教学论"课程从教学内容、教学模式及教学评价3个方面进行了课堂教学改革,并取得了一定的成效,既促进了学生的学习积极性和课堂参与度,又训练并提高了学生的课堂教学技能。     

基于信息加工模拟结构的化学教学实践研究

介绍了美国心理学家加涅运用信息加工理论模拟学习过程的结构,"多元智能"的含义,"问题连续体"理论的5种问题类型,以及在化学教学设计过程中,根据学生的智力发展水平构建5个层次的问题类型以开展教学设计.实验研究证明,实验前后学生的学习成绩、学习兴趣、学习注意力、思维能力、互动效果存在显著差异(P<0.01);采用"问题连续体"教学模式进行教学,学生在探究实验的过程中知识得到深化,思维得到升华,发展了学生的多元智能,发散思维,探索、创新、实践等能力.     

"PBL"模式下有机化学实验的教与学

结合化学实践教学特点,分析有机化学实验教学中存在的问题,讨论如何将"PBL"教学模式应用到"有机化学实验"教学中,形成"学生为主,教师为辅"的新型教学模式;同时探索思政教育融入有机化学实验课程的实践途径,提出在实践教学过程中,通过典型案例融入思政元素的具体方法,以"立德树人"为理念形成融会贯通、持续创新的新工科教育体系,加强学生的思想教育建设,系统推进大学组织模式、学科专业结构、人才培养机制和教师评价机制等方面的综合改革,构建一流卓越人才培养体系。     

分析化学课程群建设探索

分析化学系列课程教学团队不断改进和探索新的教育教学模式。在课程教学中,实行线上线下混合+双语的教学模式,并将该学科中所蕴含的思政元素与课程内容相互渗透;依托MOOC和虚拟仿真教学项目开展分析化学实验课程教学,在提升学生专业知识水平和训练综合能力的基础上,厚植爱国情怀,并培养学生严谨求实的科学态度。     

高师院校"化学教学论"课程中实施论辩教学的研究与实践

论辩教学是一种能够调动学生学习主动性、提升教学效果的教学模式,针对当前高师院校"化学教学论"课程实施过程中教师讲授为主,缺乏学生课堂参与的现状,从课前准备、课堂论辩、课后反思和评价三方面精心设计并实施了论辩教学。基于对学生书面论辩修改稿和学生期末考试作答情况的分析,可以认为实施论辩教学对于提高"化学教学论"课程的教学效果,提升化学专业师范生对化学教育理论问题的认识和理解能力有重要价值。     

基于生态教育理念的高职分析化学教学设计与实践

针对当前高职分析化学“保姆式”教学模式、学生学习无积极性等问题,依据生态教育理念,以酸碱滴定实验内容为例,从课前准备,课中渗透生态思想,课后学生反思、自查和总结等3个方面进行教学设计,并运用于实践教学中,提升了学生的实验兴趣和应用创新能力,培养了学生的工作责任心,实现了真正的和谐生态课堂。     

化学实验与科研方法课程教学模式探讨

将研究型教学模式引入化学实验与科研方法课程,通过构建"课堂学习-自主实验-科学指导"三位一体的教学体系,开展科研方法论理论教学,设计以文献调研、实验设计、实验实施、结果分析为主线的研究型教学实验,建立多元化考核体系,激发学生科研热情和创新意识。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。