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1.
In this paper for a given example we proved that the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral term appears naturally and relates the external force with acceleration within the fractional Newtonian equation. The consideration of some self-similar process that leads to the fractional integral as well as some possible generalizations of the proposed model was discussed.  相似文献   

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The results of two Monte Carlo generators for production of Bc mesons in pp collisions are compared at the large hadron collider energy √s = 14 TeV. In the study, the produced Bc mesons were forced to decay into the final states Bslv, Bsπ, J/ψlv, and J/ψπ. We have estimated that about 104 decays of Bc are expected to be recorded during the first year of the CMS running with a lepton trigger. Many Bc studies can be carried out by using these events with a statistical error at the level of 10^-2.  相似文献   

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A recent advance in understanding the Brazil nuts phenomenon together with insight into the relative motion of different-size particles in a lattice fluid makes this phenomenon amenable to an approach based on hydrodynamic concept. Here we use this conjecture as a stimulus for solving the equation describing asymmetric transport of particles in a medium moving with constant velocity. We also consider a method for constructing invariant solutions, which enables us to study the dependence of the probability density function on the parameters controlling the asymmetry of the flow. Physical realizations of the invariant solutions are in agreement with recent computer simulations by Alexander and Lebowitz.  相似文献   

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The (u, c) quarks and (d, s) quarks arerequired to have mass matrices of a certainform. To achieve these mass matrices appropriate Lagrangians are assumed. Theu quark is coupled to the standard Higgs scalar L. Thec quark has a 5 couplingwith L and R, where R is the Higgs scalar corresponding to theleft-rightmodel. The u quark has no 5 coupling. Both u,c quarks have a Yukawa couplingwith a Higgs multiplet. Exactly similar Lagrangians are chosen for thed, s qurks.Using these mass matrices, the Cabibbo angle is found to be 13° 11. The ratiom c/m s is shown to be approximately 3.1 with the help of the Weinberg mixingparameter. The mixing angles 2 and 1 determine the Cabibbo angle. The ratiotan 2/ tan 1 is shown to be a function of the Weinberg mixing parameter.  相似文献   

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In this work, we investigate the ambiguities proposed by Benhar et al. about different implementation of the impulse approximation (IA) for calculation of the response function of many-Fermion system. The many-Fermion wave-function of composite system is calculated in the framework of impulse approximation by considering the iteration equation of many-Fermion wave-function through the system Hamiltonian propagator, and it is shown that by imposing the plane wave approximation for the struck particle it is possible to remove these ambiguities (the plane wave impulse approximation (PWIA)). Finally it is concluded that in order to get relevant result, one should be careful to perform the IA on the many-Fermion wave function to calculate the response function of the system, since the system response is obviously very sensitive to this quantity.  相似文献   

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We investigate the novel problem of what happens in special relativity and in relativistic field theories whenthree-dimensional space is quantized. First we examine the equation for elastic waves on a linear chain, the simplest example of a quantized medium, and propose, on its analogy, a nonlinearp-k relationp=k(sinhkl)/kl for light and material waves. Here,kl is a new variable which represents the space-quantization effect on the plane wave of wave numberk=|k|. (Note thatkl=0 givesp=k.) This relation makes the light velocity in vacuum dependent onkl. We postulate, however, that the phase and group velocities of each individual light wave are still invariant, and try to generalize special relativity to the case ofkl 0. This can be simply done if the invariance ofkl is assumed. Our results suggest that localization might be a relative concept. One interesting consequence of our proposal is that relativistic field theories become automatically finite. This comes out without violating unitarity or causality. A precise measurement of velocities of high-energy photons or massive particles is desirable for checking our proposal.  相似文献   

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In spite of great progress in resolving the geometric structure of the water-splitting Mn4O x Ca cluster in photosystem II, the binding sites and modes of the two substrate water molecules are still insufficiently characterized. While time-resolved membrane-inlet mass spectrometry measurements indicate that both substrate water molecules are bound to the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in the S 2 and S 3 states (Hendry and Wydrzynski in Biochemistry 41:13328–13334, 2002), it is not known (1) if they are both Mn-bound, (2) if they are terminal or bridging ligands, and (3) in what protonation state they are bound in the different oxidation states S i (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) of the OEC. By employing 17O hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy we recently demonstrated that in the S 2 state there is only one (type of) Mn-bound oxygen that is water exchangeable. We therefore tentatively identified this oxygen as one substrate ‘water’ molecule, and on the basis of the finding that it has a hyperfine interaction of about 10 MHz with the electron spin of the Mn4O x Ca cluster, we suggest that it is bound as a Mn–O–Mn bridge within a bis-μ2 oxo-bridged unit (Su et al. in J Am Chem Soc 130:786–787, 2008). Employing pulse electron paramagnetic resonance, 1H/2H Mims electron-nuclear double resonance and 2H-HYSCORE spectroscopies together with 1H/2H-exchange here, we test this hypothesis by probing the protonation state of this exchangeable oxygen. We conclude that this oxygen is fully deprotonated. This result is discussed in the light of earlier reports in the literature.  相似文献   

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A detailed study of associated Standard Model Higgs production (WH and ) at the LHC (or a possible upgraded Tevatron collider), where the Higgs boson decays to pairs, is reported for 80m H <120 gev.=" even=" for=">b-tagging performances of the detector, the signal cannot be cleanly extracted from the background. For an integrated luminosity of 104 pb –1 andm H =100 GeV, one can expect at best 110 reconstructed decays fromWH production, above a resonant background of 150WZ events and a non-resonant background of 4800 events, and 100 reconstructed pairs (of which 50 from decay) from production, above a background of 4000 events. The main difficulty in extracting these two channels is in the expected low signal rate after reconstruction, the need for accurate control of all the background sources and for extremely goodb-tagging performance. Nevertheless, for a few years of running at a luminosity of 1033 cm–2s–1, channel may be the best way to probe the region 80m H <100>  相似文献   

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In this survey we stress the importance of the higher transcendental Mittag-Leffler function in the framework of the Fractional Calculus. We first start with the analytical properties of the classical Mittag-Leffler function as derived from being the solution of the simplest fractional differential equation governing relaxation processes. Through the sections of the text we plan to address the reader in this pathway towards the main applications of the Mittag-Leffler function that has induced us in the past to define it as the Queen Function of the Fractional Calculus. These applications concern some noteworthy stochastic processes and the time fractional diffusion-wave equation We expect that in the next future this function will gain more credit in the science of complex systems. Finally, in an appendix we sketch some historical aspects related to the author’s acquaintance with this function.  相似文献   

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We define an ‘information wave function’, Ψ(q). We underline the role of risk-neutral probabilities in financial non-arbitrage. We argue how a change in the probabilities based on Ψ(q) can induce arbitrage.  相似文献   

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Within the RMF approach, considering the contribution of σ*,φ mesons and baryon octet {n,p,Λ,Σ0+0}, some properties of neutron star matter have been investigated in the temperature region between 5—15MeV. It is found that when the contributions of σ*,φ mesons are included, (1) the critical baryon density decreases (but for the Λ hyperon, the effect is not obvious), but the number of hyperons increases; (2) the equation of state becomes soft at higher energy density; (3) the maximum mass decreases while the corresponding radius increases; (4) the central density, the central energy density, and the central pressure all become smaller. At T=5MeV and 10MeV and for Σ00+, the σ*,φ mesons make critical baryon density greatly decrease; but at T=15MeV, 20MeV, and 25MeV, the effect is not obvious. However, for Λ,Σ hyperons, at all the above temperatures, the effect is not obvious.  相似文献   

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We have found that the electronic transport of the binary icosahedral (i) Cd-Yb is extremely sensitive to a minute substitution of Mg for Cd atoms; the positive temperature coefficient of the resistivity (TCR) at low temperatures seen in the binary i Cd-Yb disappears by addition of only 0.1 at. % Mg and, moreover, the TCR stays negative well up to 60 at. % Mg. Such sensitiveness of the resistivity in the very dilute Mg concentration region, which is a consequence of the long coherence length (>28 A) of the conduction electrons in the quasiperiodic lattice, has led us to an unexpected conclusion: The negative TCR in the ternary i phase is due to partial chemical disorder; i.e., it is not a consequence of the quasiperiodicity.  相似文献   

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The recently discovered resonance at 125 GeV has properties remarkably close to those of the Standard Model Higgs boson. We perform model-independent fits of all presently available data. The non-standard best-fits found in our previous analyses remain favored with respect to the SM fit, mainly but not only because the γγ rate remains above the SM prediction.  相似文献   

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