激光辐照固体靶产生等离子体反冲研究

提出一种通过诊断等离子体反冲动量来计算激光加载产生冲击压强的方法. 当强激光辐照固体靶表面时, 所产生的高速喷射的等离子体对靶具有反冲作用, 通过诊断等离子体反冲动量的变化可以计算激光辐照固体靶产生的冲击压强变化. 本文利用辐射流体力学软件研究了这种诊断方法, 模拟采用的激光功率密度为5×10¹²-5×10¹³ W/cm², 激光脉宽选取纳秒量级. 模拟结果表明该方法是有效且可行的.     

大气压介质阻挡辉光放电中放电电流的测量与分析

介质阻挡放电产生的低温等离子体具有广泛的应用前景而成为研究热点。文章利用平行平板介质阻挡放电装置,在流动的氦气中实现了大气压均匀辉光放电,得到了大气压下的均匀等离子体。利用电学方法将放电电流从总电流中分离出来,从而得到了辉光放电的放电电流。通过分析放电电流、外加电压、气隙上电压以及壁电荷电量之间的相互关系,可以研究气体放电过程中壁电荷积累的微观动力学行为。实验结果表明壁电荷主要是在放电电流脉冲持续期间积累的,但电流脉冲结束后,由于气隙电压没有改变极性,壁电荷还会逐渐积累,气隙电压改变极性后,壁电荷量随时间减小。这些结果对壁电荷在介质阻挡辉光放电中作用的深入研究和大气压介质阻挡辉光放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

Electron momentum distribution and Compton profiles of europium

The electron momentum distribution and Compton profiles of the rare earth element Eu was measured using HPGe photon detector. The target atoms were excited by means of 59.54 keV gamma rays from Am-241 radioactive source of strength 300 mCi. Elemental foil of uniform aerial density, and purity better than 99.9% was used as target. The data were recorded and analyzed using a 4 K multichannel analyzer. These data duly corrected for instrumental resolution effects, sample absorption, energy dependence of the differential Compton cross-section and double scattering, and compared with theoretical renormalized free atom (RFA) values.     

Effect of gas pressure on amplitude and duration of electron beam current in a gas-filled diode

The parameters of an electron beam generated in helium in the pressure range p = 10⁻⁴−12 atm are studied. Nanosecond high-voltage pulses are applied to a gap between a tubular cathode and planar anode, which is made of 45-μm-thick AlBe foil. Behind the anode, an electron beam is detected at a helium pressure of 12 atm. The pressure dependence of the beam current amplitude shows three peaks at p ≈ 0.01, ≈ 0.07, and ≈ 3 atm. The beam-induced glow of a luminescent film placed behind the foil and the discharge glow at different helium pressures in the gas-filled diode are photographed.     

Generation of laser-driven flyer dominated by shock-induced shear bands: A molecular dynamics simulation study

High-power pulsed lasers provide an ingenious method for launching metal foils to generate high-speed flyers for high-pressure loading in material science or aerospace engineering.At high-temperature and high-pressure laser-induced conditions,the dynamic response of the metals and the mechanism of flyer formation remain unclear.In this study,the overall process of the laser-driven aluminum flyer,including laser ablation,rupture of metal foil,and the generation of the flyer was investigated by molecular dynamics combined with the two-temperature model.It was found that under high laser fluence(over 1.3 J/cm;with 200-fs laser pulse duration),the laser induced a shock wave with a peak pressure higher than25 GPa,which led to shear bands expanding from the edge of the laser ablation zone in the foil.Compared with the cases of low laser fluence less than 0.5 J/cm^-1,the shear band induced by high laser fluence promotes the rupture of the foil and results in a high-speed flyer(>1 km/s)with better flatness and integrity.In addition,the shock wavefront was found to be accompanied by aluminum crystal phase transformation from face-centered cubic(FCC)to body-centered cubic structure.The crystal structure reverts with the decrease of pressure,therefore the internal structure of the generated flyer is pure of FCC.The results of this study provide a better understanding of the laser-induced shock effect on the foil rupture and flyer quality and forward the development of the laser-driven flyer.     

脉冲电流作用下TIG电弧的数值分析

建立了脉冲电流下自由燃烧的TIG电弧的二维轴对称数学模型,利用FLUENT软件,通过选择合适的边界条件和强烈耦合控制方程组对脉冲TIG电弧进行了数值模拟,得到了在焊接电流周期性变化下电弧形态、电弧温度场、电弧轴线方向上的温度和速度及焊接工件表面电弧压力的变化情况;针对电弧压力,得到了不同峰值电流、占空比、脉冲频率作用下的分布情况,并分析了它们在脉冲电流作用下的周期性变化规律.分析结果表明:当脉冲电流发生突变时,它们的变化滞后于脉冲电流的变化,且从基值电流向峰值电流变化时的响应速度更快,并最终达到一个相对稳 关键词： 脉冲TIG焊 电弧 数值模拟 FLUENT     

甘油的黏度对激光等离子体推进的影响

以液体甘油为烧蚀靶材,研究了不同环境温度下超短脉冲激光烧蚀后产生的等离子体的推进特性.实验结果表明:甘油产生的动量和烧蚀压力与环境温度密切相关,其原因是甘油的黏度受温度影响较大.     

等离子体源离子注入鞘层随时空演化的数值模拟

在等离子体源离子注入装置中(PSⅡ),靶被直接放入均匀等离子体源中,并在其上加负高压脉冲,从而使靶的周围形成了一个只存在离子的等离子体鞘层,离子以较高速度注入靶中。利用冷流体方程和泊松方程组成的非线性方程组对一维平面几何鞘层时空演化过程进行数值模拟,所采用的负高电势脉冲波形为方波和梯形波,得到了电子密度、离子密度、电势分布的时空演化曲线,并首次对梯形波下降沿时间内鞘层时空演化作了详细讨论。     

Effect of a transverse magnetic field on the generation of electron beams in the gas-filled diode

The effect of a transverse magnetic field (0.080 and 0.016 T) on generation of an electron beam in the gas-filled diode is experimentally investigated. It is shown that, at voltage U = 25 kV across the diode and a low helium pressure (45 Torr), the transverse magnetic field influences the beam current amplitude behind a foil and its distribution over the foil cross section. At elevated pressures and under the conditions of ultrashort avalanche electron beam formation in helium, nitrogen, and air, the transverse magnetic field (0.080 and 0.016 T) has a minor effect on the amplitude and duration of the beam behind the foil. It is established that, when the voltage of the pulse generator reaches several hundreds of kilovolts, some runaway electrons (including the electrons from the discharge plasma near the cathode) are incident on the side walls of the diode.     

基于神光III原型装置开展的激光直接驱动准等熵压缩研究进展

整形激光驱动准等熵压缩是高效的物质动态压缩方式,是开展材料高压压缩特性研究的重要手段.本文系统介绍了近年来基于神光Ⅲ原型激光装置开展的整形激光直接驱动准等熵压缩研究工作：创立了凝聚态物质的准等熵压缩理论模型,改进了实验设计方法和数据处理方法,掌握了制靶工艺,开展了激光加载实验并在多种靶型中实现了数百GPa的准等熵压缩.实验获取的参数范围超过传统加载方式,数据质量达到国际先进水平.     

平面火花隙三电极开关研制及性能测试

 研制了一种适用于平行板传输连接的平面火花隙三电极开关，开关正负电极为半圆形状，触发电极为细条状。将之替代立体式（半球形电极）火花隙三电极开关并应用于爆炸箔起爆装置中，装置回路参数将得以优化。实验测试了空气间隙为4.12， 3.14和2.2 mm的平面火花隙三电极开关的性能。结果表明，在开关间隙间距一定的情况下，随着电压的升高，开关间隙的放电时延和分散时间呈指数降低，开关电感小于15 nH；对于不同范围内的应用电压，使用不同间隙间距的开关，其分散时间不大于10 ns。该开关应用于较低充电电压（小于10 kV）的脉冲功率装置中，与立体式火花隙三电极开关相比，回路电感降低了约50 nH，放电周期缩短近1/3，峰值电流增加约1/3。     

Dielectric and electrical properties of a tungsten bronze tantalate ceramic

Using high temperature solid state reaction the polycrystalline sample of K₂Pb₂Dy₂W₂Ti₄Ta₄O₃₀ was prepared. Single-phase compound formation was confirmed by preliminary X-ray structural analysis. The surface morphology recorded by scanning electron microscope at room temperature exhibits a dense uniform grain distribution on the surface of the sample. Ferroelectricity in the material is confirmed by the variation of polarization with temperature. The temperature and frequency dependence of electrical parameters (impedance, modulus, conductivity, etc.) of the material exhibits a strong correlation with its microstructure (i.e., bulk, grain boundary, etc.) and electrical properties. A typical Arrhenius behavior was observed in the temperature dependence of dc conductivity. The nature of frequency dependence of ac conductivity obeys Jonscher's universal power law. The variation of current with temperature shows that the material has high pyroelectric coefficient and figure of merit, thus making it useful for pyroelectric sensors with working temperature upto 500 °C.     

激光驱动带窗口宏观飞片特性实验研究

 利用激光驱动带窗口宏观高速飞片技术可以实现对材料的一维加载,特别适合开展材料的高压状态方程及高应变率下材料的动态力学特性研究。利用小型脉冲YAG激光器进行了驱动飞片技术研究。开展了飞片结构对飞片力学参数影响的实验,结果表明：复合靶飞片的能量耦合效率比单膜结构飞片具有较大的提高,平均速度提高约15%~30%。同时,飞片的平面性和完整性也有明显的改善。实验中测量了飞片的启动弛豫时间,结果显示：飞片的启动弛豫时间为5~10 ns。利用多通道光纤阵列开展了飞片的平面性测量。实验结果表明,在约1.0 mm的范围内,飞片的时间分散性为20~30 ns。利用高灵敏度激光干涉技术,对飞片速度历史进行了测量,结果表明,飞片在前20 ns就加速到最终速度的90%以上。     

A theoretical model of acoustoelectric transducer with a nonuniform distribution of piezoelectric coefficient: application to transducer optimization

A general equation is derived that describes the behavior of a piezoelectric transducer with a nonuniform distribution of piezoelectric coefficient within its bulk, when submitted to an arbitrary distribution of acoustic pressure. Based on this equation, an expression for the receiving transfer function of the transducer is calculated. The results demonstrate the dependence of the transfer function on the distribution of piezoelectric coefficient, and that it is possible to benefit from a nonuniform distribution to optimize the transfer function. The general equation also describes the influence of the external electric circuit loading the transducer, which leads to another independent means of optimizing the transfer function. The proposed model combines effects of piezoelectric material characteristics, acoustic backing, and electric loading, without resorting to Mason or other equivalent circuits for the transducer.     

Nonlinear interaction of ultraintense laser pulse with relativistic thin plasma foil in the radiation pressure-dominant regime

We present a study of the effect of laser pulse temporal profile on the energy /momentum acquired by the ions as a result of the ultraintense laser pulse focussed on a thin plasma layer in the radiation pressure-dominant (RPD) regime. In the RPD regime, the plasma foil is pushed by ultraintense laser pulse when the radiation cannot propagate through the foil, while the electron and ion layers move together. The nonlinear character of laser–matter interaction is exhibited in the relativistic frequency shift, and also change in the wave amplitude as the EM wave gets reflected by the relativistically moving thin dense plasma layer. Relativistic effects in a high-energy plasma provide matching conditions that make it possible to exchange very effectively ordered kinetic energy and momentum between the EM fields and the plasma. When matter moves at relativistic velocities, the efficiency of the energy transfer from the radiation to thin plasma foil is more than 30% and in ultrarelativistic case it approaches one. The momentum /energy transfer to the ions is found to depend on the temporal profile of the laser pulse. Our numerical results show that for the same laser and plasma parameters, a Lorentzian pulse can accelerate ions upto 0.2 GeV within 10 fs which is 1.5 times larger than that a Gaussian pulse can.     

COmparison of Some Basic Plasma Parameters and Discharge Characteristics of Planar Magnetron Sputtering Discharges in Argon and Neon

A comparative investigation is carried out of the discharge characteristics (current-voltage characteristic and dependence of the running voltage on the gas pressure at constant discharge current), as well as of some plasma parameters (electron temperature, floating potential and plasma potential) and densities of the ion current extracted to the substrate, for discharges in neon and argon in a planar magnetron system for sputtering with a graphite target.     

Classical Effects of Carrier--Envelope Phase on Nonsequential Double Ionization

A classical microcanonical 1＋1-dimensional model is used to investigate the ion momentum distributions in nonsequential double ionization with linearly polarized few-cycle pulses. We find that the ion momentum distribution has a strong dependence on the carrier-envelope phase of the few-cycle pulse, which is consistent with the experimental results qualitatively. Back analysis shows that the ionization probability of the first electron at different phases and its returning kinetic energy play the main role on the ion momentum distributions.     

Characteristics of the preplasma formation using an uncompressed picosecond-long laser pulse with a large spot size on Al and mylar targets

A preplasma plays a very important role in laser-driven proton acceleration, where it can increase the proton energy significantly. In this research, we generated a nearly planar preplasma intentionally by sending an uncompressed picosecond-long Ti:sapphire laser pulse with a large spot size onto a thin foil target (Al and mylar) and investigated the characteristics of the preplasma by using a space-time-resolved Nomarski interferometer. In this paper, a simple analytical approach employing the one-dimensional collisional plasma concept was also developed and its result is compared with the experimental results. This work reveals the detailed characteristics of the behavior of the planar preplasma, which is very important in laser-driven proton acceleration, X-ray laser, etc., employing laser-solid interactions.     

Ensemble of ultra-high intensity attosecond pulses from laser-plasma interaction

The efficient generation of intense X-rays and γ-radiation is studied. The scheme is based on the relativistic mirror concept, i.e., a flying thin plasma slab interacts with a counterpropagating laser pulse, reflecting part of it in the form of an intense ultra-short electromagnetic pulse having an up-shifted frequency. In the proposed scheme a series of relativistic mirrors is generated in the interaction of the intense laser with a thin foil target as the pulse tears off and accelerates thin electron layers. A counterpropagating pulse is reflected by these flying layers in the form of an ensemble of ultra-short pulses resulting in a significant energy gain of the reflected radiation due to the momentum transfer from flying layers.