SiO2负载的TiO2光催化剂可见光催化降解染料污染物

 采用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2负载的TiO2光催化剂,考察了制备条件对负载型TiO2光催化剂的晶相、结构、比表面积和可见光催化活性的影响. 结果表明,采用SiO2为载体时,TiO2以纳米颗粒的形态分散在载体表面,负载型TiO2/SiO2催化剂的比表面积大、等电点低而且热稳定性能良好. 偶氮染料酸性橙7的可见光催化降解实验结果表明,染料污染物在催化剂表面的吸附是影响催化剂可见光催化活性的重要因素. 与试剂TiO2样品相比,负载型TiO2/SiO2光催化剂具有更好的光催化活性和沉降性能.     

ZSM-5 晶粒度对其负载的 TiO2 光催化剂性能的影响

 采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X 射线荧光分析、X 射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和吡啶吸附傅里叶变换红外光谱等表征方法以及偶氮染料甲基橙的吸附和光降解反应, 研究了 ZSM-5 晶粒度对 TiO2/ZSM-5 光催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明, TiO2 主要负载于 ZSM-5 沸石外表面, 因而减小载体晶粒度有利于提高 TiO2 的负载量和分散性. 纳米 ZSM-5 沸石负载的 TiO2 催化剂具有较高的甲基橙吸附量, 且吸附发生在 ZSM-5 外表面的酸中心上, 催化剂良好的吸附能力促进了甲基橙的光降解.     

镍离子表面处理对二氧化钛光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米TiO2和TiO2-Ni催化剂. 光催化降解对氯苯酚实验证明, TiO2-Ni催化剂的紫外、可见光催化活性均高于TiO2. FTIR和Raman结果表明, Ni2+离子被化学吸附在TiO2表面形成ONiOO表面物种. SPS的结果表明, TiO2-Ni表面ONiOO物种的表面态能级在价带上方2.84 eV. 该能级既能产生可见光响应, 又有效地促进了光生载流子的分离, 使催化剂紫外、可见光催化活性提高.     

SiO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液

采用实验室合成的SiO2掺杂TiO2作为催化剂,以甲基橙超声降解反应为模型,研究了各种因素对SiO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明在SiO2掺杂TiO2催化剂作用下超声降解甲基橙的效果明显优于非掺杂的锐钛矿型TiO2的催化效果.SiO2掺杂TiO2催化剂用量在0.5～1.0g/L之间,超声波频率25kHz,输出功率1.0W/cm2,pH为1.0～3.0时,在甲基橙水溶液初始浓度20mg/L的条件下,80min,降解率达到了98%以上,COD的去除率也达到了99.0%.因此,SiO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景.     

纳米TiO2混晶的形成及其对光催化性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法通过改变晶型调节剂2-甲基-2,4戊二醇的添加量制备了金红石相和锐钛矿相比例不同的纳米TiO2混晶.以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,制备珍珠岩负载纳米TiO2混晶催化剂,以X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-visiblespectrum)、BET、Raman光谱等方法对纳米TiO2混晶和负载型纳米TiO2催化剂进行表征和性能测定,研究了催化剂的混晶效应对光催化降解甲基橙催化性能的影响.结果表明:晶型调节剂的含量及制备条件对混晶中金红石和锐钛矿相TiO2的比率有较大的影响.对于负载型纳米TiO2催化剂,混晶比影响催化剂的光催化降解效率,当混晶比为6.1时光催化效率最高,这一结果对光催化剂的制备和应用都具有重要的意义.     

Ag@AgI等离子体负载TiO2酸蚀纳米带的制备及可见光光催化性能的研究

采用沉积-沉淀法将AgI分散到TiO2酸蚀纳米带上,然后通过光照进而分解出Ag颗粒,最终获得了Ag@AgI等离子体负载的TiO2酸蚀纳米带(AIST)。利用UV-Vis吸收光谱、XRD、SEM对产物进行表征,并研究了可见光下对甲基橙(MO)的光催化降解性能。结果表明,纳米带酸蚀后利于AgI的沉积,Ag的表面等离子体共振效应可以增强催化剂对于可见光的吸收,使可见光下AIST的光催化降解性能显著提高。     

C–Cl共掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒复合催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

TiO2光催化剂具有无毒、物理化学性质稳定及光催化活性较高等优点,因而在能源及环境净化等领域备受关注.但是,TiO2纳米颗粒作为催化剂仍存在以下不足:(1)TiO2带隙较宽,只能吸收利用太阳光能的紫外光部分,而照射到地球表面的太阳光大部分为可见光;(2)光生载流子(电子/空穴)的复合使得光催化活性不高;(3)纳米催化剂的回收利用困难;(4)单独使用TiO2,成本较高;(5)针对低浓度有机污染,常见TiO2催化剂比表面积较小,吸附富集能力较差,导致光催化降解效率较低.TiO2自身这些缺陷大大限制了其进一步的实际应用.针对上述这些问题,我们在本研究中设计了一种简便易行的溶胶凝胶法,在较低的温度(70℃)下合成了非金属C–Cl共掺杂的TiO2/凹凸棒(TiO2/ATT)复合催化剂.XRD及HRTEM分析证明,通过调节反应溶液的pH可以分别合成含锐钛矿/金红石、锐钛矿/金红石/板钛矿的两相和三相的混合相TiO2,且锐钛矿/金红石比例可以通过改变pH而进行调节.XPS分析证明,C和Cl同时成功掺进TiO2/ATT复合催化剂.UV-Vis漫反射结果显示,非金属C和Cl的掺杂使得所合成复合催化剂的光吸收性能明显拓展到可见光区,因而可以充分利用可见光能进行有机污染物催化降解,而ATT作为TiO2的载体,减少了TiO2使用量,改善了TiO2的表面特性和孔结构,且有利于光催化剂的回收利用.以酸性红G为目标有机污染物,在可见光照射下对复合催化剂的可见光催化活性进行了测试.结果表明,当合成反应体系的pH值为3.0时,所获得的锐钛矿/金红石/板钛矿三相TiO2/ATT复合催化剂具有良好的可见光吸收特性,其可见光催化活性远远高于市售P25型TiO2,对难降解的酸性红溶液G具有优异的脱色效果和良好的TOC去除性能.循环光催化实验和FTIR表征结果表明,在5次循环利用后,TiO2/ATT复合催化剂仍表现出很高的催化活性,表明其稳定性优异.荧光分析和自由基捕获实验表明,光催化降解反应中的主要活性物种是羟基自由基、空穴和超氧自由基.TiO2/ATT复合催化剂高效稳定的可见光催化性能主要归因于:(1)非金属C和Cl的共掺杂改善了其可见光吸收性能;(2)催化剂中的TiO2由金红石、锐钛矿和板钛矿混合相组成,有利于抑制光生载流子的复合;(3)多孔结构的ATT作为载体提高了TiO2的比表面积,增加了反应活性位,同时改善了孔结构,从而有利于模拟有机污染物(酸性红G)分子的吸附和降解,有利于反应产物扩散,从而提高了催化剂的可见光催化效率.     

光催化活性二氧化钛溶胶的低温制备与表征

以钛酸丁酯为原料,在70 ℃制备了具有光催化活性的TiO2溶胶.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了溶胶结构;用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了TiO2溶胶对甲基橙的吸附和光催化降解性能.XRD图谱表明TiO2溶胶粒子的一次粒径约4 nm,晶型主要为锐钛矿型,并含有少量结晶不完善的板钛矿型;TEM图像表明溶胶中TiO2粒子分散良好,二次粒径约10 nm.吸附实验表明TiO2溶胶使甲基橙溶液褪色约17%;光催化实验表明TiO2溶胶光催化性能优异,自然光催化降解甲基橙溶液(10 mg/L),16min后甲基橙浓度几乎降为0.     

La3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2的合成及其光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以三嵌段非离子表面活性剂P123为模板,采用水热法合成了La3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)等手段,考察了La3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2的结构与光学特性.实验结果表明,La3+和SiO2掺杂使TiO2的晶粒在生长过程中受到阻碍.Ti-O-Si键和Ti-O-La键的形成抑制了金红石相的形成和晶粒长大,提高了TiO2的热稳定性,有利于获得高纯度锐钛矿相纳米TiO2.La3+-SiO2掺杂将TiO2的光响应范围拓宽至可见光区,提高了纳米TiO2的光催化性能.与纯纳米TiO2相比,La3+-SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的性能显著提高.     

Ag/AgCl/GO可见光催化剂的制备及其性能

采用微乳液法成功制备了AgCl/GO复合可见光催化剂,利用XRD、TEM、FT-IR、UV-vis对复合光催化剂进行了表征.以甲基橙为目标污染物,考察AgCl/GO可见光催化降解活性.研究结果显示AgCl粒子实际上是以Ag/AgCl纳米结构形式较好地负载在石墨烯表面上.在甲基橙为20 mg·L~(-1),催化剂为0.05g的条件下,可见光照射100min后甲基橙的降解率达到91%以上.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.