Lipids of the fruit of Feijoa sellowiana

The composition and amounts of liposoluble substances in the flesh and peel of feijoa fruit has been investigated. About 30 groups of lipid substances have been identified. The main groups of lipids in the flesh were triacylglycerols, sterols, cerebrosides, ceramide phosphate inositol oligosides, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidic acids, phosphotidylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines. In the peel, hydrocarbons, sterols, esters of fatty acids and lower alcohols, cerebrosides, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, ceramide oligosides, phosphatidylglycerols, and include predominated. The fatty acids of the flesh were found to include 15 representatives (C_12:0–C_28:0), and those of the flesh 11 representatives tives (C_12:0–C_18:3).M. V. Lomonosov Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 464–467, July–August, 1991.     

Oxygenated acids of the lipids ofOnopordum acanthium seeds

The structures of the oxygenated fatty acids of the lipids ofOnopordum acanthium L. seeds have been studied by the methods of chemical, chromatographic, and spectral analyses. Triepoxy acids of the C₁₈ series and 24 monohydroxy acids with chain lengths of C₁₄–C₁₈ have been identified, of which the 8-OH-9Z,12Z-18:2 and the 14-OH-9Z,12Z-18:2 acids have been isolated as natural compounds for the first time.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 515–518, July–August, 1993.     

Oxygenated acids of the reserve lipids of Rumex paulsenianus

The composition of the fatty mono- and dihydroxy acids of the fruit ofRumex paulsenianus Rech. fil. (familyPolygonaceae) has been determined by a combination of IRS, UVS, GLC, and mass-spectrometric methods. (22) Monohydroxy acids of the C₁₄–C₂₀ series, including isomers and isologues, and four dihydroxy acids from C₁₈ to C₂₀, including a new isomeric 9-OH-10, 12–17:2 acid have been detected.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 762–765, November–December, 1991.     

Additivity of atomic static polarizabilities and dispersion coefficients

A new empirical method is proposed to evaluate the average molecular polarizabilities assuming the additivity of atomic static polarizability. Atomic static polarizability for each atom in a particular valence state is obtained. Calculated molecular polarizabilities of 94 non-halogenated compounds and of the bases in nucleic acids show the excellent agreement with experimental data.To check the further validity of this method, dispersion coefficients for CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈,n–C₄H₁₀,n–C₅H₁₂,n–C₆H₁₄,n–C₇H₁₆,n–C₈H₁₈, H₂, H₂O and NH₃ are obtained from a sum of atomic terms using a London-type formula, and are compared with the accurate values of dipole oscillator strength distribution (DOSD) method. The results show the excellent agreement between theory and experiment.     

Nonglyceride lipids of the seed coats ofArtemisia absinthium andOnopordum acanthium

The seed coats ofArtemisia absinthium andOnoporum acanthium have been shown to contain paraffinic hydrocarbons (C₃₁-C₂₅ and C₃₁-C₂₇, respectively), wax esters (C₃₂-C₂₃ and C₅₁-C₃₃), acetyltriterpenols (six types, five types), and acyltriterpenols with a predominance of palmitoyltriterpenols (esters of higher saturated unbranched C_32:0-C_12:0 fatty acids and triterpenols with a molecular weight of 426 belonging to the ursene group).Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 154–157, March–April, 1981.     

Lipids of the vegetative and generative organs ofHibiscus sp.

The lipids of the leaves, stems, and roots ofHibiscus sp. have been studied. Their fatty acid compositions have been determined. The greatest amount of unsaturated fatty acids was present in the glycolipids of the leaves and the stems. More than 25% of low-molecular-mass C₁₀-C₁₂ fatty acids have been found in the neutral lipids of the roots.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 705–708, September–October, 1996. Original article submitted March 11, 1996.     

Lactones ofFerula gigantea

The following substances have been isolated from an acetone extract ofFerula gigantea B. Fedtsch.: a coumarin — umbelliferone, C₉H₆O₂, mp 230–233°C; and sesquiterpene lactones — talassin A, C₂₅H₃₀O₇, mp 188–191°C; malaphyllinin, C₂₄H₂₄O₇, mp 231–235°C; malaphyll, C₂₉H₃₂O₉, mp 212–213°C; and malaphyllin, C₂₆H₂₈O₉, mp 216–218°C. Structures have been proposed for three new sesquiterpene lactones on the basis of an analysis of their spectral characteristics.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Botanical Garden, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 490–495, July–August, 1979.     

Thiophene separation from aliphatic hydrocarbons using the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ionic liquid

The ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate has been tested as solvent for the separation of thiophene from aliphatic hydrocarbons. Liquid–liquid equilibrium data have been determined for ternary systems containing the ionic liquid, thiophene and C₆, C₇, C₁₂ or C₁₆ alkanes at T = 298.15 K. The performance of the ionic liquid as solvent in such systems has been evaluated. The experimental data were correlated using the NRTL and UNIQUAC equations, and the binary interaction parameters have been reported. The phase diagrams for the ternary mixtures including both the experimental and calculated tie-lines have been presented.     

Analysis of the hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides of sea buckthorn seed oil

The TMS derivatives of the hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides of sea buckthorn seed oil have been analyzed by mass spectrometry. On the basis of characteristic fragments it has been established that an acyl residue of one of the seven hydroxy acids found previously in hydrolysis products by the GC-MS method is attached in one of the positions of the hydroxyacyldiacylglycerides. The remaining positions are substituted by acyl radicals of the C_18:1, C_18:2, C_18:3 and C_18:0 acids. The 24 most probable components of the triglycerides include these acyl and hydroxyacyl substituents. Features of the fragmentation of the components due to presence of polyunsaturated acids have been revealed.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 176–182, March–April, 1991.     

Structure and stereochemistry of the coumarins ofFerula lehmannii

Two new 7-hydroxycoumarins have been isolated from the roots ofFerula lehmannii (Lehmann's giant fennel): lehmferidin (I), C₂₄H₂₈O₄, M⁺ 380, mp 173–174°C, and lehmferin (II), C₂₄H₃₀O₄, M⁺ 382, mp 118–119°C; and badrakemin (III) has also been identified. The structures and configurations of the asymmetric centers of the new coumarins have been established on the basis of spectral characteristics and conversion into known substances.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 709–712, November–December, 1983.     

Nonglyceride complex of the seed oil ofOnopordum acanthium

Extraction of the comminuted seeds has yielded an oil from which have been isolated: C₃₃-C₂₅, C₁₈ and C₁₇ paraffinic hydrocarbons, C_18:1, C_18:2, C_18:3, C_17:1, C_17:2 and C_17:3 olefinic hydrocarbons, ethyl esters of C_32:0, C_31:0, C_30:0, C_29:0, and C_28:0 fatty acids, sterols with molecular weights of 414, 412, and 400, and the alcohols -amyrin and lupeol with their natural acetates. Extraction of the uncomminuted seeds has shown that the paraffinic hydrocarbons, ethyl esters, and alcohol acetates pass into the oil from the husks of the seeds. This is the first time that the C_31:0 and C_29:0 fatty acids have been detected as natural compounds, and it is the first time that the ethyl esters of C₃₄, C₃₃, C₃₂, C₃₁, and C₃₀ fatty acids have been isolated from seed oils of higher plants.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 612–615, September–October, 1979.     

Lipids of the fruit of Feijoa sellowiana

The composition and amounts of liposoluble substances in the flesh and peel of feijoa fruit has been investigated. About 30 groups of lipid substances have been identified. The main groups of lipids in the flesh were triacylglycerols, sterols, cerebrosides, ceramide phosphate inositol oligosides, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidic acids, phosphotidylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines. In the peel, hydrocarbons, sterols, esters of fatty acids and lower alcohols, cerebrosides, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, ceramide oligosides, phosphatidylglycerols, and include predominated. The fatty acids of the flesh were found to include 15 representatives (C_12:0–C_28:0), and those of the flesh 11 representatives tives (C_12:0–C_18:3). M. V. Lomonosov Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 464–467, July–August, 1991.     

Alkylhydrazides and their protonated forms: Physical methods andab initio calculations

The basicity of hydrazides of the highest aliphatic carboxylic acids RC(O)NHNH₂ (R = C_nH_2n+1,n = 5-12) has been studied by potentiometric titration, and IR and¹H NMR spectroscopy.Ab initio Hartree-Fork calculations using the 6–31G^* basis set with full optimization of geometry were carried out on the simplest acy1hydrazines and their possible protonated forms. Based on these calculations, and the 1R and¹H NMR spectra, the tautomerism of alkylhydrazides and the structures of their protonated forms are discussed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2645–2649, November, 1996.     

Lipids of microalgae. III. Lipids of the biomass ofMonocrysis lutheri grown under the conditons of an accumulation culture

The class composition of the lipids of the biomass of the microalgaMonochrysis lutheri grown under the accumulation regime of cultivation has been investigated for the first time. A predominance of triacylglycerols in the neutral lipids, of phosphatidylcholine in the phospholipids, and of digalactosyldiacylglycerols in the glycolipids has been established. New natural alkan-8-ones of the C₃₆-C₅₀ series have been detected.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances. Academy of Sciences, of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. FAX (3712) 62 73 48. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 325–330, May–June, 1994.     

Tin(IV) complexes ofSchiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and aminoalcohols

11 and 12 molar reactions of tin(IV) chloride with theSchiff bases, HO–C₆H₄CHNROH [where R=–(CH₂)₂–, –CH₂–, –CH(CH₃)–, –(CH₂)₃–, and –CH(C₂H₅)CH₂–] have been studied in different stoichiometric ratios and derivatives of the type SnCl₄(SBH₂) and SnCl₄(SBH₂)₂ (whereSBH₂ represents theSchiff base molecule) have been isolated. These have been characterised by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements and I.R. spectral studies.     

Oxidative transformations of cembrane diterpenoids III. Epoxycembrenes

Summary 1. It has been established that the epoxidation of cembrene with perbenzoic and peracetic acids takes place stereospecifically at each of the trisubstituted double bonds with the formation of 4S,5R-, 7S,8S-, and 11S,12S-monoepoxycembrenes, the structures and absolute configurations of which have been established by spectral methods.2. Epoxidation of cembrene at the C₁₁–C₁₂ double bonds under the conditions used takes place preferentially as compared with epoxidation at the C₇–C₈ double bond.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Novosibirsk State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 525–531, July–August, 1977.     

Interaction between a Decahydro-closo-Decaborate(2–) Anion and Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

Interaction between a closo-decaborate anion B₁₀H^2– ₁₀and carboxylic acids RCOOH (R = H, CH₃, C₂H₅, iso-C₃H₇, C₄H₉) is studied. The mono-, di- tri- and tetrasubstituted products B₁₀H_{10 – n} (OCOR)^2– _n are formed in sequence with the temperature growth. The reaction follows an essentially regioselective mechanism: only one of all possible isomers forms at every stage of the process. The respective hydroxy-closo-decaborates B₁₀H_{10 – n} (OH)^2– _n were prepared by alkaline hydrolysis in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. All the compounds were identified by chemical analysis and ¹¹B NMR and IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of [Pb(Bipy)(DMF)(B₁₀H₉OH)] · DMF was determined by X-ray diffraction.     

Crystal structure of ionic and non-ionic surfactants based on polyoxyethylenated dodecanol: A13C-CP-MAS-NMR and x-ray investigation

Crystal structure of monodisperse non-ionic surfactants having the general formula C₁₂H₂₅O–(CH₂–CH₂–O)_nH (C₁₂E_n),n=7,9, 10, 15, 16 and ionic derivatives, C₁₂H₂₅–O–(CH₂–CH₂–O)_n–CH₂COONa (C₁₂E_nC),n=3,4,5,6,7,9, 12 has been investigated by¹³C-CP-MAS-NMR and x-ray diffraction. A structural model, in which aliphatic and polyether segments are segregated in bilayers stacking parallel to the elongation direction of the molecules, fits the experimental data for both series. The experimental values of the repeat distance along the stacking directiond(001) are linearly dependent onn and the slope is nearly equal to twice the repeat distance of7/2 helix conformation, which is typical for crystalline polyethyleneoxide. The values ofd(001) agree very well with the values expected for the C₁₂ segment in a planar zig-zag conformation, which is tilted with respect to the polyerther segment (7/2 helix conformation) in such a way that both the aliphatic and the polyether regions adopt the mass density of the corresponding crystalline compound. Two additional phases have been detected for C₁₂E_nC. One of them is probably characterized by the planar zig-zag conformation of the polyether chain. The meader model, previously proposed in the literature for surfactants containing polyethylene oxide segments is inconsistent with the obtained experimental data.     

Cyclopalladation of mono-, di- and tribenzylamine by palladium(II) acetate: Influence of bulkiness around the nitrogen atom of benzylamine upon internal metallation

Cyclopalladation of mono-, di- and tribenzylamine has been investigated by reacting the corresponding amines with an equimolar amount of palladium(II) acetate (reaction i), or by heating the corresponding bis-amine complexes [Pd(O₂CMe)₂{(PhCH₂)_nNH_3−n}₂] (n=1, 2) (reaction ii). By the reaction i, all the three amines undergo cyclopalladation. However, in the case of the reaction ii, only the dibenzylamine complex [Pd(O₂CMe)₂{(PhCH₂)₂NH}₂] has been converted into a cyclopalladated complex. The reactivity of the three benzylamines towards cyclopalladation has been discussed in terms of the co-ordinating ability influenced by the bulkiness around the nitrogen atom. Temperature-dependent ¹H-NMR spectra are observed for mononuclear cyclopalladated complexes [Pd(O₂CMe){C₆H₄CH₂N(CH₂Ph)₂–C¹, N}L] (L=PPh₃, AsPh₃) and are attributed to the dissociation of the nitrogen atom in the cyclopalladated chelate ring. A heteroleptic bis-cyclopalladated complex [Pd[C₆H₄CH₂N(CH₂Ph)₂–C¹, N](C₆H₄CH₂NMe₂–C¹, N)] has also been prepared. X-ray crystallographic studies on [{Pd(O₂CMe)[C₆H₄CH₂N(CH₂Ph)₂–C¹, N]}₂] and [Pd[C₆H₄CH₂N(CH₂Ph)₂–C¹, N](C₆H₄CH₂NMe₂–C¹, N)] have been reported.     

Molecular DFT structure and packing effect of thiodipropionic and dithiodiglycolic acids and salts

Molecular and periodic DFT structure calculations of thiodipropionic and dithiodiglycolic acids, S_n[(CH₂)(COOR)]₂ (n = 1,2, R = H, Na), were performed. Computed structures were analyzed and compared to the experimental data (a C_s conformation is favored in solution than C₂ in solid state). Four close and low-energy optimized conformations were analyzed: C_2v, C₂, C_s and C₁. Small changes in the conformation stability (ΔG) and symmetry group were observed in polar medium. Periodic DFT-GGA approaches have been performed to determine the importance of weak interaction upon the crystal structure of the thiodipropionic acid, e.g., S–H and/or O–H hydrogen bonding. More SH and OH dispersed bands were observed in the optimized structure. Using a full analysis of the DOS of O–H or S–H bonding contributions, a notable interlayer bonding in the parent structure was revealed. Therefore, the presence of such weak interaction ONa⁺ or OH may thus change the point group symmetry of the crystal upon packing effect.