Characterization and electrochemical properties of molecular icosanuclear and bidimensional hexanuclear Cu(II) azido polyoxometalates

Two new Cu(II) azido polyoxometalates compounds have been synthesized, and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound Na(14)[SiW(9)O(34)Cu(3)(N(3))(2)(OH)(H(2)O)](2) x 24H(2)O (1) is built from two [SiW(9)O(34)Cu(3)(mu(1,1,3)-N(3))(2)(mu-OH)(H(2)O)](7-) subunits where the copper centers, connected by two azido ligands and one hydroxo group, form a nearly equilateral triangle. The two subunits are related by an inversion center and connected via the two mu(1,1,3)-N(3) ligands in an end-to-end fashion, affording a hexanuclear Cu(II) cluster. Linkage of these fragments via Cu-O=W bonds leads to a bidimensional arrangement of the polyoxometalate units. The complex LiK(14)Na(9)[P(8)W(48)O(184)Cu(20)(N(3))(6)(OH)(18)] x 60H(2)O (2) consists of two {Cu(5)(OH)(4)}(6+) and two {Cu(5)(OH)(2)(mu(1,1,3,3)-N(3))}(7+) subunits connected via four mu-OH and four mu(1,1)-N(3) additional ligands, the 20 copper centers being encapsulated in the [P(8)W(48)O(184)](40-) crown polyoxotungstate ligand. 1 represents the first multidimensional compound based on azido polyoxometalate (POM) units, and 2 represents by far the largest azido POM complex isolated to date. Magnetic measurements revealed an overall antiferromagnetic behavior for both compounds. Nevertheless, the study of the variation of the magnetization with the applied field indicates that 1 possesses a triplet ground state, which can be attributed to weak ferromagnetic interaction between the S = 1/2 triangular subunits. The stability of 1 and 2 evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy and gel filtration chromatography, in particular at pH 5, has allowed a detailed study of their redox and electrocatalytic properties. For both compounds, the stability of the Cu(II)/Cu(I) couple is remarkable compared with the observations made in other Cu(II)-substituted POMs. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements clearly demonstrate that the formation of the Cu(I) species occurs neatly without the formation of Cu(0). The accumulation of such Cu(II) centers within the complexes is a favorable condition to envision applications involving several electrons. The electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide was achieved efficiently and has shown that the reactivity increases with the nuclearity and/or the Cu/W ratio of the POM complex. The dioxygen reduction is an overall four-electron process with water as the final product. Finally, the reduction of the W centers triggers a strong electrocatalysis of solvent reduction.     

Polyoxometalate HIV-1 protease inhibitors. A new mode of protease inhibition.

Nb-containing polyoxometalates (POMs) of the Wells-Dawson class inhibit HIV-1 protease (HIV-1P) by a new mode based on kinetics, binding, and molecular modeling studies. Reaction of alpha(1)-K(9)Li[P(2)W(17)O(61)] or alpha(2)-K(10)[P(2)W(17)O(61)] with aqueous H(2)O(2) solutions of K(7)H[Nb(6)O(19)] followed by treatment with HCl and KCl and then crystallization affords the complexes alpha(1)-K(7)[P(2)W(17)(NbO(2))O(61)] (alpha(1)()1) and alpha(2)-K(7)[P(2)W(17)(NbO(2))O(61)] (alpha(2)()1) in 63 and 86% isolated yields, respectively. Thermolysis of the crude peroxoniobium compounds (72-96 h in refluxing H(2)O) prior to treatment with KCl converts the peroxoniobium compounds to the corresponding polyoxometalates (POMs), alpha(1)-K(7)[P(2)W(17)NbO(62)] (alpha(1)()2) and alpha(2)-K(7)[P(2)W(17)NbO(62)] (alpha(2)()2), in moderate yields (66 and 52%, respectively). The identity and high purity of all four compounds were confirmed by (31)P NMR and (183)W NMR. The acid-induced dimerization of the oxo complexes differentiates sterically between the cap (alpha(2)) site and the belt (alpha(1)) site in the Wells-Dawson structure (alpha(2)()2 dimerizes in high yield; alpha(1)()2 does not). All four POMs exhibit high activity in cell culture against HIV-1 (EC(50) values of 0.17-0.83 microM), are minimally toxic (IC(50) values of 50 to >100 microM), and selectively inhibit purified HIV-1 protease (HIV-1P) (IC(50) values for alpha(1)()1, alpha(2)()1, alpha(1)()2, and alpha(2)()2 of 2.0, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 microM, respectively). Thus, theoretical, binding, and kinetics studies of the POM/HIV-1P interaction(s) were conducted. Parameters for [P(2)W(17)NbO(62)](7)(-) were determined for the Kollman all-atom (KAA) force field in Sybyl 6.2. Charges for the POM were obtained from natural population analysis (NPA) at the HF/LANL2DZ level of theory. AutoDock 2.2 was used to explore possible binding locations for the POM with HIV-1P. These computational studies strongly suggest that the POMs function not by binding to the active site of HIV-1P, the mode of inhibition of all other HIV-1P protease inhibitors, but by binding to a cationic pocket on the "hinge" region of the flaps covering the active site (2 POMs and cationic pockets per active homodimer of HIV-1P). The kinetics and binding studies, conducted after the molecular modeling, are both in remarkable agreement with the modeling results: 2 POMs bind per HIV-1P homodimer with high affinities (K(i) = 1.1 +/- 0.5 and 4.1 +/- 1.8 nM in 0.1 and 1.0 M NaCl, respectively) and inhibition is noncompetitive (k(cat) but not K(m) is affected by the POM concentration).     

H_8[P_2Mo_(17)Co(OH_2)O_(61)]和H_8[P_2Mo_(17)Ni(OH_2)O_(61)]的抑酶活性研究

合成了2种过渡金属取代的多酸H_8[P_2Mo_(17)Co(OH_2)O_(61)]和H_8[P_2Mo_(17)Ni(OH_2)O_(61)],并对其抑酶活性进行了研究.结果表明,这2种化合物对酪氨酸酶均有有效的抑制效果.抑制机理表明2种化合物均是可逆竞争型抑制剂.H_8[P_2Mo_(17)Co(OH_2)O_(61)]和H_8[P_2Mo_(17)Ni(OH_2)O_(61)]的半抑制率IC_(50)值分别为(0.434 0±0.000 4)和(0.466 5±0.012 0)mmol/L,抑制常数K_Ⅰ分别为0.216 7和0.220 4mmol/L.该研究能够扩大多金属氧酸盐的应用范围.     

Polyoxometalate-supported transition metal complexes and their charge complementarity: synthesis and characterization of [M(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(Phen)(H2O)2]2][M(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(Phen)(H2O)Cl]2].5H2O (M = Al(+, Cr3+)

Two Anderson-type heteropolyanion-supported copper phenanthroline complexes, [Al(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)2]2]1+ (1c) and [Al(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)Cl]2]1- (1a) complement their charges in one of the title compounds [Al(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)2]2][Al(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)Cl]2].5H2O [1c][1a].5 H2O 1. Similar charge complementarity exists in the chromium analogue, [Cr(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)2]2][Cr(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)Cl]2].5 H2O [2c][2a].5 H2O 2. The chloride coordination to copper centers of 1a and 2a makes the charge difference. In both compounds, the geometries around copper centers are distorted square pyramidal and those around aluminum/chromium centers are distorted octahedral. Three lattice waters, from the formation of intermolecular O-H.....O hydrogen bonds, have been shown to self-assemble into an "acyclic water trimer" in the crystals of both 1 and 2. The title compounds have been synthesized in a simple one pot aqueous wet-synthesis consisting of aluminum/chromium chloride, sodium molybdate, copper nitrate, phenanthroline, and hydrochloric acid, and characterized by elemental analyses, EDAX, IR, diffuse reflectance, EPR, TGA, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P. Crystal data for 1: a = 10.7618(6), b = 15.0238(8), c = 15.6648(8) angstroms, alpha = 65.4570(10), beta = 83.4420(10), gamma = 71.3230(10), V = 2182.1(2) angstroms3. Crystal data for 2: a = 10.8867(5), b = 15.2504(7), c = 15.7022(7) angstroms, alpha = 64.9850(10), beta = 83.0430(10), gamma = 71.1570(10), V = 2235.47(18) angstroms3. In the electronic reflectance spectra, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit a broad d-d band at approximately 700 nm, which is a considerable shift with respect to the value of 650-660 nm for a square-pyramidal [Cu(phen)2L] complex, indicating the coordination of [M(OH)6Mo6O18]3- POM anions (as a ligand) to the monophenanthroline copper complexes to form POM-supported copper complexes 1c, 1a, 2c, and 2a. The ESR spectrum of compound 1 shows a typical axial signal for a Cu2+ (d9) system, and that of compound 2, containing both chromium(III) and copper(II) ions, may reveal a zero-field-splitting of the central Cr3+ ion of the Anderson anion, [Cr(OH)6Mo6O18]3-, with an intense peak for the Cu2+ ion.     

Encapsulation of cyanometalates by a tris-macrocyclic ligand tricopper(II) complex: syntheses, structural variation, and magnetic exchange coupling pathways

The reaction of [M(CN)(6)](3-) (M = Cr(3+), Mn(3+), Fe(3+), Co(3+)) and [M(CN)(8)](4-/3-) (M = Mo(4+/5+), W(4+/5+)) with the trinuclear copper(II) complex of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris[3-(1,3,5,8,12-pentaazacyclotetradecane)] ([Cu(3)(L)](6+)) leads to partially encapsulated cyanometalates. With hexacyanometalate(III) complexes, [Cu(3)(L)](6+) forms the isostructural host-guest complexes [[[Cu(3)(L)(OH(2))(2)][M(CN)(6)](2)][M(CN)(6)]][M(CN)(6)]30 H(2)O with one bridging, two partially encapsulated, and one isolated [M(CN)(6)](3-) unit. The octacyanometalates of Mo(4+/5+) and W(4+/5+) are encapsulated by two tris-macrocyclic host units. Due to the stability of the +IV oxidation state of Mo and W, only assemblies with [M(CN)(8)](4-) were obtained. The Mo(4+) and W(4+) complexes were crystallized in two different structural forms: [[Cu(3)(L)(OH(2))](2)[Mo(CN)(8)]](NO(3))(8)15 H(2)O with a structural motif that involves isolated spherical [[Cu(3)(L)(OH(2))](2)[M(CN)(8)]](8+) ions and a "string-of-pearls" type of structure [[[Cu(3)(L)](2)[M(CN)(8)]][M(CN)(8)]](NO(3))(4) 20 H(2)O, with [M(CN)(8)](4-) ions that bridge the encapsulated octacyanometalates in a two-dimensional network. The magnetic exchange coupling between the various paramagnetic centers is characterized by temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and field-dependent magnetization data. Exchange between the CuCu pairs in the [Cu(3)(L)](6+) "ligand" is weakly antiferromagnetic. Ferromagnetic interactions are observed in the cyanometalate assemblies with Cr(3+), exchange coupling of Mn(3+) and Fe(3+) is very small, and the octacoordinate Mo(4+) and W(4+) systems have a closed-shell ground state.     

The role of the central atom in structure and reactivity of polyoxometalates with adjacent d-electron metal sites. computational and experimental studies of gamma-[(Xn+O4)RuIII2(OH)2(MFM)10O32](8-n)-) for MFM = Mo and W, and X = AlIII, SiIV, PV, and SVI

The role of the central atom X in the structure and reactivity of di-Ru-substituted gamma-Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs), gamma-[(Xn+O4)RuIII2(OH)2(MFM)10O32](8-n)-), where MFM = Mo and W, and X = AlIII, SiIV, PV, and SVI., was computationally investigated. It was shown that for both MFM = Mo and W the nature of X is crucial in determining the lower lying electronic states of the polyoxoanions, which in turn likely significantly impacts their reactivity. For the electropositive X = AlIII, the ground state is a low-spin state, while for the more electronegative X = SVI the ground state is a high-spin state. In other words, the heteroatom X can be an "internal switch" for defining the ground electronic states of the gamma-M2-Keggin POMs. The obtained trends, in general, are less pronounced for MFM = Mo than for W. On the basis of the comparison of the calculated energy gaps between low-spin and high-spin states of polytungstates and polymolybdates, we predict that the gamma-M2-Keggin polytungstates could be more reactive than their polymolybdate analogues. For purposes of experimental verification the computationally predicted and evaluated polytungstate gamma-[(SiO4)RuIII2(OH)2(OH2)2W10O32]4- was prepared and characterized.     

pH-Controlled assembly of two POM-based inorganic–organic hybrid copper coordination polymers: synthesis,structures and properties

Transition Metal Chemistry - Two POM-based copper coordination polymers constituted by Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs), [Cu2 (SiW12O40)2 (Fbtx)3 (H2O)4]n (1) and {[Cu2 (SiW12O40) (Fbtx)2...     

Multi-iron tungstodiarsenates. Synthesis,characterization, and electrocatalytic studies of alphabetabetaalpha-(Fe(III)OH(2))(2)Fe(III)(2)(As(2)W(15)O(56))(2)(12)(-)

Reaction of the trivacant lacunary complex, alpha-Na(12)[As(2)W(15)O(56)], with an aqueous solution of Fe(NO(3))(3).9H(2)O yields the sandwich-type polyoxometalate, alphabetabetaalpha-Na(12)(Fe(III)OH(2))(2)Fe(III)(2)(As(2)W(15)O(56))(2) (Na1). The structure of this complex, determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography (a = 13.434(1) A, b = 13.763(1) A, c = 22.999(2) A, alpha = 90.246(2) degrees, beta = 102.887(2) degrees, gamma = 116.972(1) degrees, triclinic, Ponemacr;, R1 = 5.5%, based on 25342 independent reflections), consists of an Fe(III)(4) unit sandwiched between two trivacant alpha-As(2)W(15)O(56)(12)(-) moieties. UV-vis, infrared, cyclic voltammetry, and elemental analysis data are all consistent with the structure determined from X-ray analysis. Magnetization studies confirm that the four Fe(III) centers are antiferromagnetically coupled. A cyclic voltammogram of Na1 reveals that a three-wave W(VI) system replaces the two-wave W(VI) system found in the precursor alpha-As(2)W(15)O(56)(12)(-) complex. The observed modifications in the CV patterns of Na1 and alpha-As(2)W(15)O(56)(12)(-) are most likely due to subsequent changes in the acid-base properties of two reduced POMs that occur as a result of Fe(III) incorporation. Na1 is shown to be more efficient than the monosubstituted complex alpha(2)-As(2)(Fe(III)OH(2))W(17)O(61)(7)(-) in the electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen. This is attributed to cooperativity effects among the adjacent Fe(III) centers in Na1.     

Two multi-copper-containing heteropolyoxotungstates constructed from the lacunary Keggin polyoxoanion and the high-nuclear spin cluster

Two novel high-nuclear copper-substituted polyoxometalates, Na16[Cu14(OH)4(H2O)16(SiW8O31)4].20.5H2O (1) and K10Na14[Cu10(H2O)2(N3)4(GeW9O34)2(GeW8O31)2].30H2O (2), containing 14 Cu2+ ions and 10 Cu2+ ions, respectively, have been obtained in aqueous solution and characterized by IR, UV, TG, element analysis, electrochemistry, and single-crystal X-ray analyses. The polyoxoanion framework of 1 is composed of four [beta-SiW8O31] units connected by 14 Cu2+ ions to constitute a tetrameric compound. In 2, two [beta-GeW8O31] anions and two [B-alpha-GeW9O34] anions are connected together by a [Cu10(N3)4O32(H2O)2] {Cu10(N3)4} cluster to construct a novel tetrameric compound. The results of the electrocatalytic experiments reveal that the reduced species of 1 and 2 have electrocatalytic activities for nitrate reduction.     

Efficient hydrogen-evolving cathodes based on proton and electron reservoir behaviors of the phosphotungstate [H7P8W48O184](33-) and the Co(II)-Containing Silicotungstates [Co(6)H2O)(30){Co(9)Cl(2)(OH)(3)(H(2)O)(9)(beta-SiW(8)O(31))(3)}](5-) and [{Co(3)(B-beta-SiW(9)O(33)(OH))(B-beta-SiW(8)O(29)OH)(2)}(2)](22-)

Original and simple procedures for glassy carbon electrode modification with polyoxometalates (POMs), phosphotungstate [H7P8W48O184]33-, and Co(II)-containing silicotungstates [Co6(H2O)30{Co9Cl2(OH)3(H2O)9(beta-SiW8O31)3}]5- and [{Co3(B-beta-SiW9O33(OH))(B-beta-SiW8O29OH)2}2]22- give stable and very active surfaces for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER). For this purpose, the selected POMs fixed on Vulcan XC-72 were adsorbed on the electrode surface or were directly entrapped in polyvinylpyridine films on the electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and confocal microscopy results converge to indicate that the activation is related to the proton and electron reservoir-like behaviors of these molecular oxides and not to any electrode surface area increase. However, the Tafel parameters of the HER process, which are different from one POM to the next, are in the range of those of the best metallic electrodes.     

Production and reactions of organic-soluble lanthanide complexes of the monolacunary Dawson [alpha1-P2W17O61]10- polyoxotungstate

The incorporation of lanthanides into polyoxometalates provides entry to new classes of potentially useful materials that combine the intrinsic properties of both constituents. To utilize the [alpha1-Ln(H2O)4P2W17O61]7- species in applications of catalysis and development of luminescent materials, the chemistry of this family of lanthanide polyoxometalates in organic solvents has been developed. Organic-soluble polyoxometalate-lanthanide complexes TBA5H2[alpha1-Ln(H2O)4P2W17O61] (Ln = La(III), Sm(III), Eu(III), Yb(III)) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, acid-base titration, IR, 31P NMR, and mass spectrometry. The synthetic procedure involves a cation metathesis reaction in aqueous solution under strict pH control. A solid-liquid-phase transfer protocol yielded a unique species (TBA)8K3[Yb(alpha1-YbP2W17O61)2] with three ytterbium ions and two [alpha1-P2W17O61]10- polyoxotungstates. A centrosymmetric dimeric complex [{alpha1-La(H2O)4P2W17O61}2]14- was crystallized from aqueous solution and characterized by X-ray diffraction. ESI mass spectral analysis of the complexes TBA5H2[alpha1-Ln(H2O)4P2W17O61] shows that similar dimers exist in organic solution, in particular for the early lanthanides. Fragmentation in the mass spectrometer of the complexes from dry acetonitrile solution involves double protonation of an oxo ligand and loss of one water molecule. Low mass tungstate fragments combine into [(WO3)n]2- (n = 1-5) ions and their condensation products with phosphate. Reaction of TBA5H2[alpha1-Eu(H2O)4P2W17O61] with 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2'-bipyridine showed an increase of the europium luminescence. This result is explained by the formation of a ternary complex of [alpha1-Eu(H2O)4P2W17O61]7- and two sensitizing ligands.     

Assembly and Characterization of Rare-earth-containing Polyoxometalate [Eu （P2Mo17O61）2]^17- and Poly（allylamine hydrochloride） Multilayer Films

The ultrathin multilayer films of rare-earth-containing polyoxometalate cluster K17[Eu(P2Mo17O61)2](EuPMo) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) have been prepared by the Layer-by-Layer(LbL) selfassembly method. The photoluminescent behavior of the films investigated at room temperature shows the Eu^3 characteristic emission pattern of ^5Do→^7FJ(J=1—4). The occurrence of the photoluminescent activity confirms the potential of creating luminescent multilayer films with polyoxometalates (POMs).     

Polyoxometalate monolayers in Langmuir-Blodgett films

Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of a variety of polyoxometalates of different shapes, sizes, and charges were prepared by taking advantage of the adsorption properties of these polyanions on a positively charged monolayer of an organic surfactant spread on water. Three different aspects were investigated. 1) The electrochemical and electrochromic properties of LB films containing the easily reducible polyoxoanion [P2Mo18O62]6-. Absorbance changes of these LB films deposited onto an ITO substrate have been induced by repeated switching of the applied potential. These changes are due to the formation of the colored reduced forms of the polyanion. Coloration and bleaching of the LB film occur very quickly and are reversible. 2) The preparation of LB films based on magnetic polyoxometalates, such as the Keggin anions, [CoW12O40]6- and [SiMn(OH2)W11O39]6-, or containing magnetic clusters of increasing nuclearities such as [Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]10- and [Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O62)2]16- based on a Co4O16 ferromagnetic cluster, and the polyoxometalates [Co9(OH)3(H2O)6(HPO4)2(PW9O34)3]16- and [Ni9(OH)3-(H2O)6(HPO4)2(PW9O34)3]16- based on a nonanuclear M9O36 cluster. 3) The preparation of LB films of the giant heteropolyoxomolybdate, [Na3(NH4)12][Mo57Fe6(NO)6O174(OH)3-(H2O)24]76 H2O.     

New organosilyl derivatives of the Dawson polyoxometalate [alpha2-P2W17O61(RSi)2O]6-: synthesis and mass spectrometric investigation

In the field of functionalized polyoxometalates, organosilyl derivatives of polyoxotungstate constitute a special class of hybrid organic-inorganic system. The first organosilyl derivative of the monovacant Dawson heteropolyoxotungstate [alpha2-P2W17O61]10- was obtained by three different methods. The use of two organosilanes as reagents enabled the preparation of the functionalized polyoxometalate [alpha2-P2W17O61(RSi)2O]6- in good yield. Electrospray (ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and 183W, 31P, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the composite systems. In several cases, ESI-MS analyses generated reduction processes which were compared to those related to [PMo11VO40]4-, the highly reducible Keggin polyoxometalate.     

多阴离子和铜磷酸盐为基元的杂化材料的合成、结构和性质

本文采用水热法合成了一个新的金属有机-无机杂化化合物 [Cu₄(phen)₄(HPO₄)₂(H₂O)₂(OH)₂][HPMo₁₂O₄₀]·H₂O (1) ( phen=邻菲咯啉)。通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析、X-射线单晶衍射对其进行了结构表征。化合物1是由四核铜磷酸盐、Keggin阴离子和晶格水分子组成。四核铜磷酸盐和多阴离子之间通过弱的M…O相互作用形成二维结构(M=Cu, Mo), 该二维结构通过氢键和π-π相互作用形成三维超分子框架,还对化合物1的电化学和电催化性质进行了研究。     

Novel inorganic-organic hybrids constructed from multinuclear copper cluster and Keggin polyanions: from 1D wave-like chain to 2D network

Two novel inorganic-organic hybrids constructed from Keggin-type polyanions and multinuclear copper clusters based on 1-H-1,2,3-benzotriazole (HBTA), [Cu(I)(8)(BTA)(4)(HBTA)(8)(SiMo(12)O(40))]·2H(2)O (1) and [Cu(II)(6)(OH)(4)(BTA)(4)(SiW(12)O(40))(H(2)O)(6)]·6H(2)O (2), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, IR spectra and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. In compound 1, eight Cu(I) ions were linked by twelve HBTA/BTA ligands to form an octanuclear Cu(I) cluster, which is connected by SiMo(12)O(40)(4-) anion with two bridging O atoms and two terminal O atoms to construct a one-dimensional (1D) wave-like chain. The octanuclear copper unit represents the maximum subunit linked just by amine ligands in the POMs system. In 2, four BTA ligands linked five Cu(II) ions constructing a pentanuclear "porphyrin-like" subunit, which is connected by another Cu(II) ion to form a 1D metal-organic band. The SiW(12)O(40)(4-) polyanions as tetradentate inorganic linkages extend the 1D band into a two-dimensional (2D) network with (8(3))(2)(8(5)·10) topology. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1 and 2 represent the first examples of inorganic-organic hybrids based on metal-HBTA multinuclear subunits and polyoxometalates. The photocatalysis and electrochemical properties have been investigated in this paper.     

The proton conductivity of heteropoly compounds

Five kinds of molybdovanadophosphoric acid: H7[P2Mo17VO62], H8[P2Mo16V2O62], H9[P2Mo15V3O62], H8[P2Mo14V4O61(H2O)] and H9[P2Mo13V5O61(H2O)] have been synthesized. The salts, K13[Ln(SiW11O39)2] (Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd or Gd) have also been prepared. The proton conductivities (C) of all the above compounds have been measured, and are dependent not only on the nature of compound itself, but also on external factors such as temperature and frequency. The general trend of proton conductivity, changing with the hydration number, frequency and temperature is summarized and important conclusions have been drawn based on experimental measurements. The resulting data have not been reported hitherto in the literature.     

Polyoxometalate binding to human serum albumin: a thermodynamic and spectroscopic approach

The molecular recognition of polyoxometalates by human serum albumin is studied using two different polyoxometalates (POMs) at pH 7.5. The results are compared with those obtained at pH 3.5 and 9.0. At pH 7.5, both POMs strongly interact with the protein with different binding behaviors. The Keggin shaped POM, [H(2)W(12)O(40)](6-) (H2W12), specifically binds the protein, forming a complex with a 1:1 stoichiometry with Ka = 2.9 x 10(6) M(-1). The binding constant decreased dramatically with the increase of the ionic strength, thus indicating a mostly electrostatic binding process. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments show that the binding is an enthalpically driven exothermic process. For the wheel shaped POM [NaP(5)W(30)O(110)](14-) (P5W30), there are up to five binding sites on the protein. Increasing the ionic strength changes the binding behavior significantly, leading to a simple exothermic process, with several binding sites. Competitive binding experiments indicate that the two POMs share one common binding site. In addition, they show the existence of another important binding site for P5W30. The two POMs exhibit different binding dependences on the pH. The combination of the experimental results with the knowledge of the surface map of the protein in its N-B conformation transition domain leads to the proposal for the probable binding site of POMs. The present work reveals a protein conformation change upon P5W30 binding, a new feature not explicitly documented in previous studies.     

铜配合物修饰的钼氧簇超分子化合物催化烯烃环氧化

近年来,含有过渡金属配合物和多金属氧酸盐的三维超分子化合物的合成与性能研究受到广泛关注.利用过渡金属配合物优良的可裁剪性和修饰性,可以对多金属氧酸盐化合物的结构和性质进行有效调控,进而构造出具有独特空间结构和性质的新型功能材料.这类材料往往具有多金属氧酸盐与过渡金属配合物两者结合的优点,在医学、光学、磁性材料、气体吸附材料及催化等领域显示出重要的学术研究价值和潜在的应用前景.然而,相比于在化合物合成及结构研究领域中的快速发展,过渡金属配合物修饰的多金属氧酸盐基化合物在催化领域中应用较少.本文采用水热合成法,以4,4′-联吡啶(bipy)或1,4′-双咪唑-1-甲基苯(bix)为氮杂环配体,合成了两个铜配合物修饰的钼氧簇超分子化合物催化剂,分别记为[Cu(bipy)]4[Mo15O47]·2H2O (1)和[Cu(bix)][(Cubix)(δ-Mo8O26)0.5](2).催化剂1中包含一个由铜的4,4′-联吡啶有机链修饰的钼氧簇链,催化剂2是由1,4′-双咪唑-1-甲基苯有机配体、铜离子和八钼酸盐构筑的具有自穿插结构的超分子化合物.通过以叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂的烯烃环氧化催化反应,考察了两种催化剂的催化性能.结果表明,催化剂1和2对环辛烯或1-辛烯环氧化反应表现出较高的催化活性,性能均明显优于未引入铜配合物的超分子化合物(H2bix)[(Hbix)2(γ-Mo8O26)]2·H2O (3);在相同反应条件下,催化剂1表现出更高的催化活性;溶剂种类显著影响催化剂的催化性能,以乙腈为溶剂时,苯乙烯环氧化反应主产物为苯甲醛(仅有很少量的环氧化合物),而以氯仿为溶剂时,环氧化合物选择性显著提高;中断实验和循环测试结果表明,催化剂1和2在1-辛烯环氧化反应中均表现出良好的稳定性和循环使用性. FT-IR和XRD表征结果证实,经多次循环使用后催化剂结构基本保持不变,表明催化剂具有良好的结构稳定性. XPS表征结果表明,催化剂1中钼的正电性高于催化剂2,这是由于配体类型不同及钼氧簇结构不同所致.拥有较高正电性的钼物种通常会表现出更高的催化烯烃环氧化反应能力,这可能是催化剂1的催化活性优于催化剂2的主要原因.此外,通过结构分析可以看出,催化剂1具有更开放的框架结构,这更有利于反应物扩散,继而使催化剂表现出更高的催化活性.需要指出的是,催化剂1和2中存在的铜配合物也可能直接作为新的活性中心参与对氧化剂的活化,继而对催化剂性能(活性和选择性)产生影响;此外,铜配合物与钼氧簇之间较强的相互作用使所形成的超分子化合物具有良好的结构稳定性,继而使这类超分子化合物催化剂表现出较为优异的稳定性和循环使用性.