粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性研究

以本构关系一般理论为基础,导出了计及材料功硬化效应和应变率硬化效应的粘塑性薄壁管的本构关系及管中复合应力波的控制方程,应用有限差分方法研究了在压扭复合冲击载荷作用下粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性与演化规律,分析了复合应力波的耦合效应以及薄壁管中粘塑性参数和功硬化效应对复合应力波传播与演化规律的影响,并对有关现象进行了分析和解释。     

温度对冲击相变波传播的影响

冲击加载下,相界面的传播是一热力耦合过程。相变波阵面不仅是力学和物质间断面,也是温度界面。为考虑温度对相变波传播的影响,本文首先建立了相界面上的热传导方程和热力耦合的相变本构方程,然后采用一维特征线理论和有限差分数值计算相结合的方法,分析了温度界面和相变波的基本相互作用规律,进而给出了连续温度梯度下和绝热冲击下相变波传播规律。结果表明,温度对相变波传播的作用主要体现在两个方面,一方面是作为温度界面将与各类间断面相互作用,另一方面冲击相变波阵面后区域热力学状态变化影响卸载波结构。其原因在于相变方式（可逆、不可逆）和相变阈值应力具有强烈的温度相关性。     

水平层状岩体边坡动力响应中的结构面效应研究

根据应力波传播原理分析了水平层状岩体边坡中应力波传播特征,建立了应力波在该类边坡中传播的模型。利用离散元软件UDEC分析了不同频率垂向压缩应力波作用下边坡动力响应规律中的结构面效应。结果表明:边坡中的水平层面对坡顶的动力响应有明显影响。低频应力波作用下,水平层状岩体边坡坡顶的垂向峰值速度较均质坡体相同部位的峰值速度的增加值随坡高增加而增大。较高频率应力波作用时,边坡顶部靠近坡面的垂向峰值速度高于无结构面边坡相同部位的峰值速度,远离坡面时情况相反; 坡顶垂向峰值速度大小呈周期性变化,输入应力波频率越大该变化频次越高。研究结果将有助于进一步揭示各种不同岩体结构类型边坡在动力荷载作用下损伤机理及破坏模式。     

非线性应力波传播理论的发展及应用

应力波传播理论是分析结构和材料在爆炸/冲击载荷作用下的响应及破坏特性的基础,在国防和民用工程上有重大价值。本文对作者们近半个世纪来在非线性应力波传播理论的发展及其工程应用方面所开展的主要研究作一回顾和讨论,包括：几类非线性应力波相互作用及失效,非线性粘弹性波传播理论及应用,动态破坏和应力波相互作用,以及应力波理论在防护工程中的应用等。     

界面上应力波传播规律的动态光弹性试验研究

采用动态光弹性方法,对应力波在杆-杆和板-板双材料连接界面上的反射和透射传播规律展开研究．通过对双材料粘接模型施加冲击载荷作用,采集和分析等差线条纹,计算出最大剪应力值．对于两种试验模型应力波在界面上都以透射为主,对应力波的阻隔作用不明显,这与接触式界面对应力波有较强的阻隔作用有较大区别,在应用界面减弱应力波的作用时应注意区分．试验结果与理论计算结果基本保持一致,并由此证明采用动态光弹性法研究应力波在界面上传播规律的可行性．     

应力波在多层膜状材料中衰减特性的实验研究

脉冲载荷作用下,多层膜状材料衰减应力波的特性及其规律研究在工程结构设计中具有重要意义。本文采用分离式Hopkinson压杆(以下简称SHPB)装置,从实验角度对多层石英布和多层"石英布+聚酯铝膜"两种不同结构类型膜状材料衰减应力波特性进行研究。分析了透射应力波及应力冲量随多层膜状厚度变化的关系。通过对实验数据的拟合,给出了多层膜状衰减应力波能力和材料厚度以及材料结构的数学表征。研究结果表明,两种不同结构的多层膜状材料应力波衰减随厚度的变化关系都遵循指数衰减规律,而具有"多层石英布+聚酯铝膜"叠层结构的材料对应力波的衰减能力略强于单一多层石英布材料。本研究可作为工程应用多层膜状材料衰减应力波的实验依据。     

粘塑性变截面杆中冲击波的演化

讨论了粘塑性变截面杆中的一维应力波传播规律。在粘塑性本构理论框架的基础上,利用特征关系和冲击波阵面上的突跃条件,得出了冲击波在传播过程中的演化规律,包括其微分方程和解析表达式,并对Bodner和Johnson-Cook材料和不同收缩形式的杆中冲击波的演化规律进行了讨论,同时计算和讨论了杆中冲击波后方应力波传播规律的特点。     

径向惯性对薄壁圆管中弹塑性复合应力波传播的影响

弹塑性压扭复合应力波在薄壁管中的传播特性,已得到较为深入的研究,但为得到简单波解,大部分研究忽略了薄壁圆管中与径向惯性有关的周向应力σθ的影响。该文采用便于动态数值方法应用的增量型弹塑性本构关系,应用有限差分数值方法,计算了考虑径向惯性效应的弹塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的演化规律和传播特性,并与无径向惯性效应的计算结果作了对比,结果表明薄壁管中的径向惯性效应对弹塑性复合应力的传播有较大的影响。     

纯铁材料的冲击相变与"反常"层裂

采用VISAR、X射线衍射和金相处理联合测试分析技术,开展等厚对称碰撞实验,研究了纯铁材料的冲击相变与层裂行为特征。结果发现,冲击加载压力大于纯铁材料相变阈值(13 GPa)时,等厚对称碰撞样品发生反常2次层裂。结合相关文献的实验结果,从应力波相互作用的角度分析了反常层裂形成的原因,指出纯铁材料的冲击相变和卸载逆转变及引发的稀疏冲击波是导致反常2次层裂的物理机制。     

粘塑性靶板中冲击波的演化

讨论了粘塑性靶板中的一维应变波的传播规律。利用广义特征理论导出了应力波传播的特征线和特征关系。利用特征关系和冲击波阵面上的突跃条件，得出了冲击波在传播过程中的演化的规律，并以Ｂｏｄｎｅｒ－Ｐａｒｔｏｍ幂函数型粘塑性材料为例，计算和讨论了板中应力波传播规律的特点     

特征线法在三维弹／粘塑性波数值解析中的应用

根据广义特征理论建立了求解三维非线性应力波传播问题的特征关系式，并采用特征线法对纵向冲击载荷下弹／粘塑性矩形截面棒的三维应力波传播过程进行了数值模拟。     

DYNAMIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES IN BIREFRINGENT MATERIALS

Dynamic photoelasticity is a full field technique which has been used by various researchers as an aid to improve understanding of problems that involve stress wave propagation. Birefringent materials that exhibit sufficient sensitivity to loading for stress wave propagation studies are typically polymers. Glass, which is not nearly as viscoelastic as polymers does not exhibit enough sensitivity for easy measurements, thus it is unsuitable for most dynamic studies. The effect of loading rate on material properties is more pronounced in polymers, hence accurate measurement of these properties is essential in a dynamic photoelastic study. The problem associated with the determination of the dynamic material properties of a polymer is the determination of the exact location of the wavefront. Digital image analysis can be used to locate the wavefront with a great deal of accuracy. The results from the digital image analysis can then be used to determine dynamic material properties for the polymer.     

PVDF压电薄膜在应力波测量中的应用

综合介绍了PVDF压力传感器的测试原理、动态标定实验，并采用定制的PVDF压力传感器测量了不同类型分层介质在冲击载荷作用下的压力衰减，说明了PVDF压力传感器在压力测量中有着很好的前景．     

Mechanism of shear attenuation near the interface under combined compression and shear impact loading

We investigate the compressional/shear coupling plastic wave propagation characteristics analytically for ideal elastic–plastic materials in both stress and particle velocity spaces, focusing on the shear wave attenuation near the interface occurring in pressure–shear plate impact experiments. The results show that the shear attenuation is strongly associated with the wave propagation characteristics of the coupling waves. In the stress space, as the shear stress increases, an adjustment of the stress components is observed and the final stress state along the wave path is a combined pure shear- and hydrostatic pressure-state. In the particle velocity space, the wave structures with different loading and maximal transverse particle velocity are obtained. The maximal transverse particle velocity varies with the longitudinal velocity and forms a boundary line. Once the loading transverse velocity exceeds this line, a transverse particle velocity discontinuity occurs at the impact interface. If the bonding strength is sufficiently high, there will be a shear band in the target in the extreme vicinity of the interface.     

Wave propagation analysis of a functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic nanobeam rest on Visco-Pasternak foundation

Wave propagation analysis of a nanobeam made of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic materials with rectangular cross section rest on Visco-Pasternak foundation is studied in this paper. For modeling the axial, rotation and transverse deformations, Timoshenko beam model is used. Fundamental magneto-electro-elastic equations of the model are derived for a general functionally graded beam excited to electric and magnetic potentials. Surface elasticity is employed for more confident modeling the behavior of nanobeam. Using Hamilton principle and calculation of kinetic and strain energies, the equations of motion are derived. Considering the harmonic wave propagation of infinite domain yields characteristic equation of the system in terms of different parameters of model. The effects of different parameters such as non-homogeneous index, wave number and residual surface stress are investigated on the different phase velocities corresponding to modes of deformation. One can find that increasing the non-homogeneous index and wave number leads to decrease in wave propagation phase velocities.     

One-dimensional linear elastic waves at moving property interface

Smart materials exhibit time-varying properties while time-varying external field is applied. To investigate the one-dimensional (1-D) homogeneous time-varying properties, a moving property interface (MPI) model is proposed, and the propagation of linear elastic waves at 1-D MPI is studied in this paper. Based on the idea of weak solutions and an infinity approximation, a novel method to deal with the difficulties in using the continuities to study the waves at MPI is also proposed. Some interesting phenomena are revealed: (i) besides wave impedance, the property interface motion and wave velocity are also very important factors that influence the wave propagation; (ii) at MPI, there may exist shock waves; (iii) the property interface motion has a significant impact on the wave frequency and energy. This research provides a theoretical viewpoint in the study of smart materials with a time-dependent mechanical properties at different loading conditions.     

应力波载荷作用下线弹性断裂过程的动态分析方法研究

利用Hopkinson单压杆实验装置 ,对材料的线弹性动态断裂特性进行了研究 ,建立了应力波载荷作用下动态裂纹起裂及扩展过程的动态分析方法 ,采用该方法可同时测得材料的动态裂纹起裂时间、断裂韧性和裂纹扩展速度。40Cr钢三点弯曲试样的实验结果表明 :该钢的动态裂纹扩展过程主要是减速过程 ,在2 2 5TPam /s的加载速率下 ,起裂时间为 2 8 0 0 s,最大裂纹扩展速度为 478 91m/s ,动态断裂韧性为6 3 12MPam。     

冲击下宏观相边界的传播

研究了具有CdS型相变本构材料的宏观相边界传播规律。相边界包括纯新相和混合相两段。纯新相段可用逐步近似法,混合相段则必须用数值方法求解。给出了三种加卸载应力边界条件下的算例。在突加突卸的应力边界条件下,给出了相边界传播的解析解。在算例中,各种解法得到的结果彼此很好符合。