Two novel alkaloids with a unique fused hexacyclic skeleton from Daphniphyllum subverticillatum

Two novel major alkaloids, deoxycalyciphylline B (1) and deoxyisocalyciphylline B (2) with a unique fused hexacyclic skeleton, together with a quite recently reported alkaloid calyciphylline B (3), were isolated from the stem of Daphniphyllum subverticillatum. Their structures were established by spectral methods and chemical evidence, especially 2D NMR techniques. The structure of 1 was further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction determination.     

Macropodumines A-C: novel pentacyclic alkaloids with an unusual skeleton or zwitterion moiety from Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq

Three novel alkaloids, macropodumines A-C (1-3), were isolated from the stem of Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. Interestingly, the structure of macropodumine A (1) was characterized as having a fused pentacyclic system including an unusual eleven-membered macrolactone ring, whereas macropodumine B (2) contains a rare cyclopentadienyl carbanion, which is stabilized as a zwitterion by an internal iminium cation. The structures of these new metabolites were established on the basis of their detailed spectroscopic analysis. In particular, the unique structure of zwitterion 2 was further confirmed by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Study on the Chemical Constituents of Daphniphyllum angustifolium

Seven new iridoid glucosides, 1 – 7 , two new phenyl glucosides, 8 and 9 , along with eight known compounds were isolated from the bark of Daphniphyllum angustifolium. Their structures were established by ESI‐MS and by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic methods.     

Chemical studies on alkaloids in the root of Acronychia oligophylebia Merr

Nine alkaloids and β-sitosterol were isolated from the root of Acronychia oligophylebia Merr. (Rutaceae). Among these alkaloids, five were identified as preskimmianine (2), evolitrine (5), kokusaginine (6), skimmianine (7) and maculosidine (8). The alkaloids 2, 5 and 8 were isolated from Acronychia genus for the first time. Oligophylicidine (10) and oligophylidine (4) were new bases. Oligophyline (3) and oligophylicine (9) were first found from natural source. Based on spectroscopic data, the structures of 3, 4, 9 and 10 were postulated. The structures of 10 and 9 were confirmed by synthesis. 3 and 9 showed a wide spectrum of antifungal activity, but the actions were weak.     

Further studies of the Daphniphyllum alkaloid polycyclization cascade

The scope of the 2-azadiene intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclization, previously employed for synthesis of the Daphniphyllum alkaloids, has been further investigated. Through a series of 1,5-diol cyclization precursors the substitution pattern of both the dienophile and the 2-azadiene were examined. From these studies it was shown that the cascade reaction is tolerant toward a variety of alkyl-substituted dienophiles. However, it was also demonstrated that this reaction is very sensitive to the substitution pattern of the 2-azadiene. Alterations made to the structure of the 2-azadiene cause either competing side reactions or complete failure of the reaction cascade.     

Synthesis and analysis of compounds having the skeleton of ergot alkaloids with the nitrogen atom in the D-ring transposed

Alkylation-amination of the enamine 2 in the presence of ethyl α,α-bis(dibromomethyl)acetate, triethyl-amine, and methylamine lead to the construction of the aza-transposed ergoline 3 . Sequential reduction, hydrolysis, reesterification, and indolization of 3 , produced three diastereomers of 6 . The structure of these three diastereomers was assigned on the basis of nmr and ir spectral analysis to be (α-cis) syn, (β-cis) anti, and (α-trans) syn. The isomer (β-cis) anti was reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to the corresponding alcohol.     

Mass spectra of diterpene alkaloids with the hetisine skeleton

An analysis of literature material has shown that the stability of the M⁺ ions of bases with the hetisine skeleton decreases considerably when an OR group is present at C-1, C-6, or C-9. The directions of fragmentation are not monotypical and depend greatly on the positions of the oxygen substituents. A similar conclusion can be made from a study of the group and individual features of the breakdown of hetisine, nominine, talatisine, and their derivatives revealed with the aid of high-resolution mass spectrometry and MD spectra. An unusual property of these spectra is the formation of nitrogen-free fragments. The mass spectra of hetisine alkaloids of a new type — zeraconine and its N-oxide — have been characterized.     

Mass spectra of diterpene alkaloids with the hetisine skeleton

An analysis of literature material has shown that the stability of the M⁺ ions of bases with the hetisine skeleton decreases considerably when an OR group is present at C-1, C-6, or C-9. The directions of fragmentation are not monotypical and depend greatly on the positions of the oxygen substituents. A similar conclusion can be made from a study of the group and individual features of the breakdown of hetisine, nominine, talatisine, and their derivatives revealed with the aid of high-resolution mass spectrometry and MD spectra. An unusual property of these spectra is the formation of nitrogen-free fragments. The mass spectra of hetisine alkaloids of a new type — zeraconine and its N-oxide — have been characterized.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 542–553, July–August, 1987.     

Mass spactra of diterpene alkaloids with the lycoctonine skeleton

Conclusions The main routes of fragmentation of diterpene alkaloids with the lycoctonine skeleton under the action of electron impact are discussed.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 515–519, 1969     

百部生物碱的化学研究 I. 细花百部新生物碱

从海南岛产野生百部, 细花百部(Stemona parviflora Wright C.H.)的根部又分得三个新生物碱, 分别命名为细化百部酰胺(parvistemoamide)(1), 细花百部次碱(parvistemolone)(2)和脱氢细花百部碱(didehydroparvistemonine)(3)。经IR, MS,^1H和^1^3C NMR、NOE差谱, 2D-同核及异核相关谱等技术推定了结构。同时归属了它们的^1H和^1^3C NMR信号。     

An unexpected rearrangement of the benzofurobenzazepine skeleton of galanthamine-type alkaloids

Attempted cyclisation of N-methylated spiro benzazepine-cyclohexenone (5) into the corresponding N-methyl tetracyclic unit of galanthamine-type alkaloids (6) instead gave an unexpected rearrangement to yield a cyclopentanoisoquinolinone derivative (7). Methylation of the tetrahydrobenzofurobenzazepine tetracycle resulted in the expected N-methyl derivative 6, and the anomalous product 8, with structure similar to that of 7.     

Cascade cyclization, dipolar cycloaddition to bridged tricyclic amines related to the Daphniphyllum alkaloids

A tandem one-pot reaction of an aldehyde with a primary amine involving condensation and then cyclization (N-alkylation), followed by intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of the resulting nitrone or azomethine ylide, provides a synthesis of bridged tricyclic amines. The reaction was most successful using hydroxylamine, and when the dipolarophile was an unsaturated ester, subsequent reduction of the N-O bond and cyclization to the lactam provided the core ring system of the yuzurimine, daphnilactone B, and bukittinggine type Daphniphyllum alkaloids.     

百部生物碱的化学研究 II. 细花百部中微量生物碱的结构研究

从海南岛产野生百部(Stemona parviflora Wright C.H.)的根部又分得三个微量生物碱成份, 其中羟基百部叶碱(oxystemofoline)(1)和甲氧代百部叶碱(methyloxystemofoline)(2)为新生物碱成份。经IR, MS, ^1H和^1^3C NMR, NOE, 2D-同核及异核相关谱以及远程偶合相关谱推定了它们的结构, 并首次归属了它们的^1^3CNMR信号。     

Researches on nitrogen and sulfur heterocyclic rings

A number of 7H-pyrimido[4, 5-b]thiazines are obtained by reacting 5-amino-6-mercaptopyrimidines with -halogeno ketones. It is established that the reaction takes place in three stages: formation of 5-amino-6-[-ketoalkyl(aralkyl)-mercapto]pyrimidines, cyclization of these to 6-hydroxy-5, 6-dihydropyrimido[4, 5-b][1, 4]thiazines, and dehydration of the latter to 7H-pyrimido[4, 5-b][1, 4]thiazines.For Part III see [5].     

Daphnicyclidins A-H, novel hexa- or pentacyclic alkaloids from two species of Daphniphyllum.

Eight highly modified Daphniphyllum alkaloids with unprecedented fused hexa- or pentacyclic skeletons, daphnicyclidins A-H (1-8), have been isolated from the stems of Daphniphyllum humile and D.teijsmanni, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical means. The stereochemistry was elucidated by combination of NOESY correlations, X-ray crystallographic data, and CD analyses.     

氮杂环高分子化合物的电催化性能进展

介绍了氮杂环高分子配合物及其电催化性能,归纳了含氮杂环高分子配合物的结构类型及其在界面上的自组装过程,分析了氮杂环高分子自组装膜表面化学反应的特性。对自组装技术制备超薄层材料及表面改性技术在分子电子器件等方面的应用作了评述。     

交让木树皮中的新虎皮楠生物碱的结构研究

本文报道从虎皮楠科植物交让木的树皮中分到4个新的和7个已知的虎皮楠生物碱的结构研究。4个新生物碱分别命名为脱氧交让木碱（dehydroxymacropodumineA）(1), 4,21-脱乙酰-23-脱甲基-脱氧交让木胺（4,21-deacetyl-23-demethyl-deoxyyuzurimine） (2),7-氧杂--脱氧交让木胺（7-oxo-deoxyyuzurimine）(3),和4-乙酰氧-虎皮楠素B （4-acetoxydaphmanidinB）(4)。新化合物1-4的结构是通过仔细解析其波谱数据和与已知结构相关的化合物波谱数据比较而确定。脱氧交让木碱（dehydroxymacropodumineA）(1) 具有罕见的11元环的大环内酯结构,是从自然界中分到的第二个具有这一新颖结构特征的生物碱。