Die reaktion von 4-(α-hydroxyalkyliden)-Δ-5-isoxazolonen mit bifunktionellen stickstoffbasen

The 4-(α-hydroxyalkylidene)-Δ²-5-isoxazolones2 exist in the β-ketoenol form (“vinyloge car☐ylic acids”),2a,c react with guanidine and amidines to give only the enolates4, whereas they react both with hydrazines and 1,2-diamines to form the enamines6 and9 (“vinyloge amids”). The 4-(α-ethoxyalkylidene)-Δ²-5-isoxazolones 7 (“vinyloge esters”) condense with guanidine, benzamidine, and urea to affort the enamines8. Attempted ring-opening by bases failed whilst catalytic hydrogenation of the enamines6 and8 yielded the pyrazoles10,11 and diazepines12. The structures of the compounds have been elucidated by NMR and IR-spectra.     

Preparation et proprietes de quelques sulfures de phospholes fonctionnels

^tBuLi with 1-phenyl 3,4-dimethyl phosphole sulfide 1 in THF, gives a mesomeric anion 4. With aldehydes and ketones, this anion leads to methyl-substituted phospholes (6 and 9), 2-substituted phospholes (8) or 2-substituted 3-methylene phosphol 4-enes (5 and 7). With CO₂ and CH₃COOEt a 2-phosphole carboxylic acid 11 and a 2-acetyl phosphole 10 are obtained, respectively. The spectra of the 2-substituted phospholes are studied in some detail. Some of their chemical properties (dimerization, dissociation and tert-butylation) are also described.     

New N‐(Aryl)‐5‐((quinolin‐8‐yloxy)methyl)‐1,3,4‐oxa/Thiadiazol‐2‐amines and 4‐Aryl‐5‐((quinolin‐8‐yloxy)methyl)‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)‐thiones,Synthesis and Characterization

In this study, methyl 2‐(quinolin‐8‐yloxy) acetate ( 2 ) obtained by reaction of 8‐hydroxyquinoline ( 1 ) with methyl chloroacetate was condensed with hydrazine hydrate to afford the carbohydrazide ( 3 ). Thio/semicarbazide derivatives ( 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g ) were obtained by treatment of the 3 with substituted phenyl iso/thioisocyanates. The 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g on acidic and basic intramolecular cyclization led to N‐(aryl)‐5‐((quinolin‐8‐yloxy)methyl)‐1,3,4‐oxa/thiadiazol‐2‐amines ( 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g ) and 4‐aryl‐5‐((quinolin‐8‐yloxy)methyl)‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(4H)‐thiones ( 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 6e , 6f , 6g ), respectively. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. The thiosemicarbazide ( 4c ) was also confirmed by X‐ray crystallography.     

1,3-Oxathiole and Thiirane Derivatives from the Reactions of Azibenzil and α-diazo amides with thiocarbonyl compounds

The reactions of α-diazo ketones 1a,b with 9H-fluorene-9-thione ( 2f ) in THF at room temperature yielded the symmetrical 1,3-dithiolanes 7a,b , whereas 1b and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dithione ( 2d ) in THF at 60° led to a mixture of two stereoisomeric 1,3-oxathiole derivatives cis- and trans- 9a (Scheme 2). With 2-diazo-1,2-diphenylethanone ( 1c ), thio ketones 2a–d as well as 1,3-thiazole-5(4H)-thione 2g reacted to give 1,3-oxathiole derivatives exclusively (Schemes 3 and 4). As the reactions with 1c were more sluggish than those with 1a,b , they were catalyzed either by the addition of LiClO₄ or by Rh₂(OAc)₄. In the case of 2d in THF/LiClO₄ at room temperature, a mixture of the monoadduct 4d and the stereoisomeric bis-adducts cis- and trans- 9b was formed. Monoadduct 4d could be transformed to cis- and trans- 9b by treatment with 1c in the presence of Rh₂(OAc)₄ (Scheme 4). Xanthione ( 2e ) and 1c in THF at room temperature reacted only when catalyzed with Rh₂(OAc)₄, and, in contrast to the previous reactions, the benzoyl-substituted thiirane derivative 5a was the sole product (Scheme 4). Both types of reaction were observed with α-diazo amides 1d,e (Schemes 5–7). It is worth mentioning that formation of 1,3-oxathiole or thiirane is not only dependent on the type of the carbonyl compound 2 but also on the α-diazo amide. In the case of 1d and thioxocyclobutanone 2c in THF at room temperature, the primary cycloadduct 12 was the main product. Heating the mixture to 60°, 1,3-oxathiole 10d as well as the spirocyclic thiirane-carboxamide 11b were formed. Thiirane-carboxamides 11d–g were desulfurized with (Me₂N)₃P in THF at 60°, yielding the corresponding acrylamide derivatives (Scheme 7). All reactions are rationalized by a mechanism via initial formation of acyl-substituted thiocarbonyl ylides which undergo either a 1,5-dipolar electrocyclization to give 1,3-oxathiole derivatives or a 1,3-dipolar electrocyclization to yield thiiranes. Only in the case of the most reactive 9H-fluorene-9-thione ( 2f ) is the thiocarbonyl ylide trapped by a second molecule of 2f to give 1,3-dithiolane derivatives by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.     

Quantitative evaluation of hyperconjugation in the cyclopropylcarbinyl cation and in cyclopropylborane

An orbital deletion procedure (ODP) at HF/6-311G** have been used to evaluate the hyperconjugation effects in the cyclopropylcarbinyl cation (1) and in cyclopropylborane (2), as well as the conjugation effects in the allyl cation (3) and in vinylborane (4). The hyperconjugation (or conjugation) energies have been quantified by ODP in which the critical “vacant” carbocation (or boron) p orbital is “deactivated”. Comparisons between the bisected conformations of 1 with 3, and 2 with 4 demonstrate that cyclopropane can be just as effective as a π-electron donor as a C=C double bond.     

18-Deoxyaldosterone,its chemical and microbial reduction products

Reduction of the diketal 1 with sodium aluminum bis-(methoxyethoxy) hydride afforded the crystalline 18-hydroxycorticosterone diketal (2), an intermediate in the formation of 18-deoxyaldosterone acetate (4b). The hitherto unreported but anticipated metabolites of 4 were prepared as follows: hydrogenations of 4b furnished the fα- and 5β isomers 6 and 5b, and thence the tetra- and hexahydro derivatives 10, 11, 8, 9 and 7, and the 3-deoxy compounds 12 and 13. Anaerobic fermentations of 4b with Clostridium paraputrificum gave the tetrahydro derivative 8b in high yield.     

[(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yliden)methyl]phosphonate und -phosphinate als (einfache) Synthone in der Heterocyclensynthese

[(1,3-Dioxolan-2-ylidene)methyl]phosphonates and -phosphinates as [simple] Synthons in Heterocyclic Synthesis The readily available [(1,3-dioxolane-2-ylidene)methyl]phosphonates and -phosphinates 2a–f (Scheme 1) can be transformed with amines to aliphatic ketene N,O-and N,N-acetales (see Scheme 2, 2a → 3–7 ). Alkanediamines yield with 2a–f the imidazolidines 8a–f and the hexahydropyrimidines 9a–d (Scheme 3). the oxazolidine derivatives 10a–e and the thiazolidine 11 are accessible under special reaction conditions starting from 2a, b (Scheme 4). Hydrazines react with the CN-group-containing ketene O,O-acetals 2a–c to the pyrazoles 12a–g , whereof 12a, d, e can be cyclized to pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 13a–d (Scheme 5). Amidines as starting materials transform 2a–c in an analogous way to the pyrimidine derivatives 14a–c (Scheme 6).     

L'action de l'ammoniac sur l'oxyde cuivrique. et les hydroxo-complexes de cuivre (II)

Using a new mathematical treatment, the nature and stability constants of the simple and mixed complex-species of copper(II) with hydroxyde and ammonia as ligands have been determined. The solubility curves of CuO in heterogeneous equilibrium have been identified in function of pH only and in function of pH and pNH_3tot at 25° and unit ionic strength (NaClO₄). The predominent species in the relatively dilute system limited by the ionic strength are [Cu²⁺], [Cu(OH)₂], [Cu(OH)], [Cu(OH)], [Cu(NH₃)], [Cu(NH₃)], [Cu(NH₃)], [Cu(NH₃) (OH)⁺], [Cu(NH₃)₃(OH)⁺] and [Cu(NH₃)₂(OH)₂].     

General preparative route to benzo[g]quinolines (1-azaanthracenes)

A convenient synthetic pathway to benzo[g]quinolines (1-azaanthracenes) has been developed. The nickel catalyzed coupling of methyl 2-chloronicotinate ( 3a ) with benzylic organo zinc reagents 2a-e led to the methyl 2-benzylic substituted nicotinates 4a-e. Treatment of methyl 2-chloro-6-methylnicotinate ( 3b )with 2a in a similar manner led to methyl 2-benzyl-6-methyInicotinate ( 4f ). The coupling of 2-chloro-3-acetylpyridine ( 5 ) with benzyl zinc bromide ( 2a ) led to 2-benzyl-3-acetylpyridine ( 4g ). The coupling of the 2,5-dichlorobenzylic organic zinc reagent ( 2f ) with methyl 2-choronicotinate ( 3a ) was unselective but readily coupled with methyl 2-bromonicotinate ( 6 ) to yield methyl 2-(2,5-dichlorobenzyl)nicotinate ( 4h ). The esters 4a-f,h on reduction with lithium aluminum hydride led to the corresponding alcohols 7a-f,h which were subsequently oxidized with manganese dioxide to the respective 2-benzylic substituted pyridine-3-carboxaldehydes 8a-f,h. In one case the coupling of benzy] zinc bromide ( 2a ) with 2-chloropyridine-3-carboxaldehyde ( 9 ) led directly to 2-benzylpyridine-3-carboxaldehyde ( 8a ), but in poor yield. Cyclizations of the aldehydes 8a-d,f,h or the ketone 4g with polyphosphoric acid afforded the benzo[g]quinolines 10a-d,f-h in high yields. Aldehyde 8e was cyclized to 10e using a solution of sulfuric acid in methanol. Several of the benzo[g]quinolines 10c,d could be readly converted into the benzo[q]quinoline-5,10-diones 11c,d on treatment with ammonium ceric nitrate.     

Cycloadditionsreaktionen des tetrachlor-o-benzochinons mit fulvenen

Tetrahloro-o-benzoquinone (1) reacts with 6,6-diphenyl- and 6,6-bis (p-methoxyphenyl)fulvene resp. (2a, b) forming [π4 + π2]-cycloadducts of the dihydrobenzodioxin type (4a, b); besides 6,6-dimethyl- and 6,6-pentamethylenefulvene (2c, d) yield dimeric 1:1-adducts (7c, d; 8c, d), which originated from primarily formed [π4 + π6]-cycloadducts of the dihydrobenzo [b]cyclopenta [e] [1·4]dioxepin type (6c, d) through a Diels-Alder reaction. The structures of 7c, d and 8c have been clarified through X-ray crystallography. Some investigations concerning the mechanism are reported.     

Étude de réactions photochimiques—XXIV: Réactions intramoléculaires de type ionique des alcools allyliques et homo-allyliques: Une approche vers l'étude conformationnelle des cholestènes-4 et cholestènes-5 excités

The C₅C₆ double bond of triplet-excited homoallylic alcohols 1, 5, 8, 10 and 13 is deactivated by protonation. Three secondary intramolecular processes follow: (a) addition to yield the oxetans 2, 6, 9, 11, 14; (b) fragmentation (followed by photocycloaddition which gives the oxetans 3, 12, 15); (c) isomérisation (Δ⁵ → Δ⁴). The C₄C₅ double bond of excited allylic alcohols 4, 16, 18, 20 and 7 is deactivated in the same way but only one secondary process is observed: fragmentation (followed by photocycloaddition giving rise to the oxetans 3, 12, 17, 19 and 21). Reactions in both homoallylic and allylic series have the same carbonium ion as intermediate. The triplet-excited homoallylic series have a conformation different from the triplet excited allylic series. The particular reactivity of each series is assigned to the conformational difference.     

Straightforward synthesis of a derivative of purpurosamine C from d-galactose

Purpurosamine C (1) is a component of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin C_1a. A derivative of 1 was synthesized from d-galactose via its 2-acetoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl glycal (3). Compound 3 undergoes glycosylation with 2-propanol in the presence of SnCl₄, with two succesive allylic rearrangements of the double bond to give isopropyl 6-O-acetyl-3,4-dideoxy-α-d-glycero-hex-3-enopyranosid-2-ulose (7). Compound 7 was hydrogenated, and O-deacetylated to afford 8. The free OH group of 8 was tosylated and substituted by azide, and the carbonyl function of the resulting ulose 10 reacted with hydroxylamine to give the E,Z-oximes (11,12). Highly diastereoselective reduction of the oxime acetate (13) by borane, which also reduced the azide function, led to the purpurosamine C derivative 14 (∼40% yield from 3).     

Reaction of 3,6-diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine with cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene : An attempt at preparing some dihydropyridazine derivatives

The reaction of 3,6-diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine 1 with cis,cis-cycloocta-1,5-diene 7 has been studied with a view to preparing some interesting dihydropyridazine derivatives. Refluxing a mixture of 1 with excess of 7 in benzene solution for 8hr resulted in the formation of a mixture of products consisting of 1,4-diphenyl-10a-hydroperoxy-4a, 5,6,9,10,10a-hexahydrocycloocta[d]pyridazine (8, 27%) and 2,4a,5,6,8,10a,11,12-octahydro-1,4,7,10-tetraphenyldipyridazo[4,5-a:4',5'-e]cyclooctene ( However, when the reaction of 1 with 7 was carried out in refluxing benzene for nearly 40 hr, the products formed were a 14% yield of 8, a 17% yield of 9 and a 37% yield of 1,4-diphenyl-5,6,9,10-tetrahydrocycloocta[d]pyridazine (10). Neat heating of 1 with 7 around 150° for 10 hr, on the other hand, gave a 20% yield of 9, as the only isolable product. Thermolysis of 8 around 155° gave a mixture of products consisting of 2-oxocyclooct-5-enyl phenyl ketone N-benzoylhydrazone (15,30%) and 1H-3-phenyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydrocycloocta[d]pyrazole (16, 22%). Nickel peroxide-oxidation of the adduct 9 gave a 67% yield of 1,4,7,10-tetraphenyldipyridazo[4,5-a:4',5'-e]cyclooctene (27). Acetylation of 9, on the other hand, gave a 70% yield of 2,3,8,9-tetraacetyl-2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octahydro-1,4,7,10-tetraphenyldipyridazo[4,5-a:4',5'-e]cyclooctene(28).     

The baeyer-villiger reaction of strained cage compounds, 1,3-bishomocubanones,via carbocations

The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 1,3-bishomocubanone 1a in chloroform with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) at room temperature proceeds quite rapidly and gives the ordinary lactone, 10-oxapentacy-clo[5.4.0.0^2.5.0^3.9.0^4.8]undecan-11-one 2a and the skeletal rearrangement product, 11-oxapentacy-clo[6.3.0.0^2.4.0^3.7.0^5.9]undecan-10-one 4a. Methyl substituted homologs (1d, 1e, 1f) of 1a give the corresponding ordinary and rearranged lactones (2d, 2e, 2f, 4d, 4e, 4f). In these oxidations, the mechanism via carbocations, cyclobutyl 18 and cyclopropylcarbinyl cations 19, plays a major role different from the ordinary concerted migration mechanism. Solvent effects, kinetic treatments, and methyl substituent effects on product ratios support this carbocation mechanism. The adduct formation process between a ketone and m-CPBA must be rate-determining.     

Quinoxalines and related compounds—XI: The formation of fused pyrroles by the condensation of haloazines with methylazines

2-Chloroquinoxaline reacts with a series of 2-methyl-3-substituted quinoxalines (1a-j) giving, in moderate yields, 6-substituted-pyrrolo[1,2-a: 4,5-b']-diquinoxalines (2a-j). Similar polycyclic compounds (9a-c; 11b,c; and 13b) are formed from 4-methylquinazolines (8a-c), 1-methylphthalazines (10b,c) and 2-hydroxy-4-methylpyrimidine (12b); the reaction failing with 2-methylquinazolines and 3-methylcinnolines. Polycyclic materials (17a-c) are also obtained by using chloropyrazines (15a,b) as the haloazine component. Four novel ring systems have thus been obtained; the mechanism is discussed.     

A Novel Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐6‐bromo‐3‐(5‐ethylthio‐4‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐b]quinolin‐9(4H)‐ones via Thermal Cyclization of 4‐Azidopyrazoles

2‐Aryl‐hydrazononitriles 3a , 3b , 3c were prepared by coupling 3‐ethylthio‐5‐cyanomethyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole ( 1 ) with diazonium salts 2a , 2b , 2c . Reacting 3a , 3b , 3c with both ethyl bromoacetate ( 4a ) and 4‐bromobenzyl bromide ( 4b ) in DMF, in the presence of K₂CO₃, at 80 °C for 3–4 h, gave the corresponding 4‐amino‐pyrazoles 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 6e , 6f . Diazotization of 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 6e , 6f , followed by reaction with NaN₃, leads to the formation of 4‐azidopyrazoles 8a , 8b , 8c , 8d , 8e , 8f , a new heterocyclic ring system. Interestingly, fusion of 4‐azidopyrazoles 8d , 8e , 8f at temperature higher than their melting points with 5 °C for 2 min did not give the expected fused pyrazolo[4,3‐c]isoxazoles 9 but furnished instead the novel pyrazolo[4,3‐b]quinolinones 10a , 10b , 10c , in high yields.     

Aminomethinylierung H-aktiver verbindungen in der reihe analgetischer wirkstoffe

Electrophilic attack of the active methylene group in 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone (2) by s-triazine (1) leads to aminomethinylation of 2 with formation of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-aminomethylene-5-pyrazolone (4). Subsequent interaction of 4 with 2 explains the formation of 4,4′-methenyl-bis-[3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone (5). 1-Phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (6) reacts analogously with 1 forming 1-phenyl-4-aminomethylene-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (7). N,N′-Bis-indanyl-formamidine (9) results from the interaction of 2-amino-indane (8) with 1.     

Synthesis of 12-acetoxy-1, 3-dodecadiene,an insect sex pheromone of the red bollworm moth,from a butadiene telomer

8-Phenoxy-1, 6-octadiene (1) formed by the Pd-catalyzed telomerization of butadiene with phonol was converted to 8-phenoxy-6-octen-1-ol (3). The alcohol 3 was converted to 8-iodo-1-phenoxy-2-octene (5). The Grignard reagent 7 prepared from 4-chloro 1-butyl tetrahydropranyl ether was coupled with the iodide 5 by the catalysis of CuI and bipyridyl to give 12-phenoxy-10-dodecen-1-ol (9), which was converted to 12-acetoxy-1-phenoxy-2-dodecene (10). Finally, 12-acetoxy-1, 3-dodecadiene (11) was obtained by the palladium catalyzed elimination of phenol from phenoxyacetoxy-dodecene (10).     

4Z- and 4E-12-deoxydihydrokromycins,two naturally occurring kromycin aglycones of pikromycin from Streptomyces sp.

HPLC–UV guided isolation for the culture broth extract of the marine-derived bacterium Streptomyces sp. has led to the two 14-membered macrolides, 4Z- (1) and 4E-12-dehydroxykromycins (2). The chemical structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectral data, while the absolute stereochemistry of 1 and 2 were determined by application of circular dichroism (CD) and analysis of X-ray crystallographic data.     

Incorporation of 5-substituted uracil derivatives into nucleic acids—III : Synthesis of 5-substituted uracils derived from 5-acetyluracil

5-Acetyluracil (1) has been converted into 5-(bromoacetyl)-uracil (2) by an established procedure. Reduction of 2 with sodium borohydride gave 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)uracil (4) in low yield. Treatment of 5-vinyluracil (7), obtained from 1 by published methods, with 1 molecular proportion of bromine followed by heating to 100°, gave E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (8). Reaction of 8 with potassium t-butoxide gave 5(7)H-furanol[2,3,d]pyrimidin-6-one (10) and upon reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia, 8 gave 5-ethyluracil (11). Compound 2 showed low antibacterial activity against Staphylocuccus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in nutrient broth and in a medium containing only inorganic salts, glucose and thymine, appreciable activity (～ 6 μg/ml) against E. coli. Compound 2 was not incorporated into the DNA of E. coli.