菊花的气相色谱指纹图谱及其系统聚类分析北大核心CSCD

收集了4个产地的12个菊花样品,用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱法(HS-SPME-GC)在选定的条件(萃取温度80℃,萃取时间30min,选择65μm PDMS/DVB作为萃取头)测得其挥发组分的色谱图,在所得到的50个色谱峰中,选择了22个共有峰,并选择其中的9号峰(保留时间25.57min)为参照峰。分别求得各峰的α值和S值后,按规定的技术要求建立了12个菊花样品的指纹图谱。经质谱分析对比NIST 08谱库并结合相关文献对主要挥发性成分作了鉴定。通过SPSS 16.0软件用系统聚类分析对上述指纹图谱进行分类比较,应用所提出的方法对2个市售菊花样品作出产地鉴别和质量评价。     

菊花的气相色谱指纹图谱及其系统聚类分析

收集了4个产地的12个菊花样品,用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱法(HS-SPME-GC)在选定的条件(萃取温度80℃,萃取时间30min,选择65μm PDMS/DVB作为萃取头)测得其挥发组分的色谱图,在所得到的50个色谱峰中,选择了22个共有峰,并选择其中的9号峰(保留时间25.57min)为参照峰。分别求得各峰的α值和S值后,按规定的技术要求建立了12个菊花样品的指纹图谱。经质谱分析对比NIST 08谱库并结合相关文献对主要挥发性成分作了鉴定。通过SPSS 16.0软件用系统聚类分析对上述指纹图谱进行分类比较,应用所提出的方法对2个市售菊花样品作出产地鉴别和质量评价。     

基于水溶性浸出物及HPLC指纹图谱评价不同贮存年限半夏的品质

研究不同贮存年限半夏药材的浸出物,建立浸出物的HPLC特征指纹图谱,为半夏药材品质评控提供参考。浸出物测定方法采用药典法;HPLC指纹图谱的色谱条件:采用C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以水–甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流量为0.8 m L/min,检测波长为260 nm,柱温为25℃,进样体积为50μL。采用相似度评价及聚类分析技术揭示14批样品的相似性及差异性。14批半夏浸出物有12批合格,2批不合格。建立14批半夏浸出物样品的高效液相指纹图谱,确定了3个共有峰,共有峰保留时间的相对标准偏差小于2%,峰面积的相对标准偏差差异较大。1~#~7~#半夏样品有12个共有峰,共有峰保留时间的相对标准偏差小于1.5%,峰面积的相对标准偏差差异较大。各批次药材化学成分组成及含量均存在一定差异。以半夏浸出物数据与其高效液相色谱指纹图谱数据为基础,将指纹图谱相似度评价与聚类分析结合起来,用浸出物含量及评价软件测评结果对半夏品质进行综合评估,可以更精确地对半夏药材进行质量控制。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱指纹图谱应用于烟用香精中主成分测定北大核心CSCD

在平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为30min下,采用顶空分离进样,气相色谱-质谱法对9个不同批次的烟用香精的成分进行分离和鉴定。根据方法的精密度试验结果,建立了烟用香精的指纹图谱。对上述9个样品所得18个共有峰以及所建立的标准指纹图谱的数据进行比较,并利用相关系数法、夹角余弦法和欧式距离比值法计算不同样品之间的相似度。3种方法计算出的相似度变化趋势一致,均能判断出样品是否合格。     

邓老凉茶颗粒的超高效液相色谱质谱联用指纹图谱研究

建立了适用于邓老凉茶颗粒质量控制的超高效液相色谱质谱联用指纹图谱分析方法。样品采用甲醇索氏萃取60 min,萃取液采用超高效液相色谱质谱法进行指纹图谱分析。色谱柱采用Waters ACQUITY HSST3 C18(150 mm×3.0 mm,1.8μm),以0.5%甲酸-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温35℃。质谱采用负离子ESI模式,选择基峰离子流质量色谱图进行指纹图谱研究。32个共有峰在15 min内得到良好分离,其中15个共有峰通过对照品进行了确证。通过《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004A版》对邓老凉茶颗粒样品进行相似度分析,15个批次样品的相似度均达到0.960以上,表明邓老凉茶颗粒的产品质量稳定性很好。以32个共有峰的相对峰面积进行主成分分析,邓老凉茶颗粒样品之间的细微质量差异得到明显区分。该方法快速、高效、可靠,可有效地用于邓老凉茶颗粒的质量控制。     

王老吉广东凉茶颗粒的超高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

建立了适用于王老吉广东凉茶颗粒质量控制的超高效液相色谱指纹图谱分析方法。样品采用甲醇超声萃取30 min,萃取液用超高效液相色谱法进行指纹图谱分析。色谱柱采用Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 C18(3.0mm×150 mm,1.8μm),以0.5%甲酸-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温35℃。28个共有峰在18 min内得到良好分离,通过对照品对其中4个峰进行了确证。对王老吉广东凉茶颗粒样品进行了相似度分析,23个批次样品的相似度均达到0.95以上;以28个共有峰的相对峰面积进行主成分分析,23批次样品均落在同一区域。相似度评价和主成分分析结果均表明,王老吉广东凉茶颗粒的产品质量稳定性好。该方法快速、高效、稳定,可用于王老吉广东凉茶颗粒的质量控制。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆飞行时间质谱法鉴定地锦草化学成分及超高效液相色谱法建立地锦草指纹图谱

以不同产地的12批地锦草样本为试验材料,采用80%(体积分数)甲醇溶液超声处理45 min,在检测波长254 nm、柱温30℃的条件下,采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术,结合多重质量亏损(MMDF)和动态背景扣除(DBS),快速分析地锦草中化学成分。以鞣花酸峰作为参照峰,基于UHPLC技术与指纹图谱相似度软件建立不同产地的12批地锦草的UHPLC指纹图谱。结果表明,UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS快速鉴定出地锦草中37种化学成分;在建立的不同产地的12批地锦草UHPLC指纹图谱中,通过对照品比对指认了16个共有峰中的6个共有峰,分别为没食子酸(峰1)、鞣花酸(峰4)、槲皮素(峰13)、木犀草素(峰14)、芹菜素(峰15)、山奈酚(峰16),12批地锦草UHPLC指纹图谱相似度结果为0.841～0.985。     

原料奶的高效液相色谱指纹图谱的建立

采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)技术,在负离子扫描模式下建立了原料奶的乙腈提取成分的指纹图谱。采用乙腈和0.1%的乙酸水溶液为流动相进行二元梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,分析时间为85min。确定了11个共有峰,以其中的7号峰为参照物,通过相对峰面积和相对保留时间进行了方法学考察。结果表明,本方法具有良好的重现性,各指纹峰相对保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.79%,相对峰面积的RSD小于2.84%。在原料奶指纹图谱基础上,选取有代表性的危害物如防腐剂苯甲酸等进行了添加,建立了危害物添加图谱,对沈阳地区超市的50个纯牛奶样品进行了筛查,取得初步的应用结果。     

茵陈挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱分析

建立了茵陈挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱,将正交投影算法用于不同样本中共有峰的提取,提高了共有峰的识别能力,降低了由于保留时间的漂移、质谱检索匹配度不高以及色谱峰重叠而引起的共有峰识别的难度.采用共有峰率、变异率及相似度等几个指标对4个不同产地的茵陈挥发油成分进行了评价,从共性、差异和整体性等多个方面全面表征茵陈挥发油的化学模式特征.结果表明,不同产地的茵陈挥发油成分大致相同,该指纹图谱可用于茵陈中挥发油成分的质量控制.     

原料奶在HPLC-MS负离子模式下的指纹图谱研究

采用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术,在负离子扫描模式下建立了原料奶的乙腈提取成分的指纹图谱。采用乙腈和0.1％的乙酸为流动相进行二元梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,分析时间为85 min。确定了11个共有峰,以7号峰为参照物,通过相对峰面积和相对保留时间进行了方法学考察。结果表明,本方法具有良好的重现性,各指纹峰相对保留时间的RSD<0.79％,相对峰面积的RSD<2.84％。在原料奶指纹图谱基础上,选取有代表性有害物如防腐剂苯甲酸等进行了标准添加,建立了添加图谱,对沈阳地区超市的50个纯牛奶样品进行了筛查,取得初步应用结果。     

百合知母汤的高效液相色谱指纹图谱及其与组方药味的相关性

研究和建立了百合知母汤的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,为研究百合知母汤的药效物质基础及配伍变化提供了手段。采用Agela Venusil XBP-C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈和0.1%甲酸为流动相二元梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长315 nm,柱温25 ℃。以芒果苷为参照物,在相同的色谱条件下测定了10批不同产地的百合与知母制备的百合知母汤的指纹图谱,获得了16个共有指纹峰,通过与对照品的保留时间及紫外光谱比较,标定了5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)、新芒果苷、芒果苷、异芒果苷、王百合苷B的出峰位置。该方法得到的百合知母汤的指纹图谱特征性和重现性较好,方法稳定、可靠,可以为百合知母汤的质量控制提供参考。通过实验归属了百合知母汤指纹图谱中的主要色谱峰,并确定了煎煮过程中的主要变化成分为5-HMF。     

Development of a Chromatographic Fingerprint of Tobacco Flavor by Use of GC and GC-MS

A new chromatographic fingerprinting method has been established for quality control of tobacco flavor. Three different extraction techniques, simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), liquid–liquid extraction, and solid-phase microextraction were evaluated for isolation of the components of interest. After comparison of their performance, a combination of SDE and GC-MS was used for simple, reliable, and reproducible development of a chromatographic fingerprint of tobacco flavor. Twelve samples of the flavor from different batches were used to establish the fingerprint. Thirty-nine volatile components of the tobacco flavor samples, accounting for 86.54% of the total content, were identified and quantified. The 12 samples had 28 peaks in common. The method of fingerprint analysis was then validated on the basis of the relative retention times and relative peak areas of the common peaks, sample stability, and similarity analysis. The similarities of the 12 samples of tobacco flavor were >0.80, showing that samples from different batches were, to some extent, consistent. The chromatographic fingerprint developed was successfully used to differentiate tobacco flavor samples from tobacco extract prepared from tobacco leaf, both by similarity comparison and by principal-components projection analysis. The method can be used for quality control of tobacco flavor.     

高效液相色谱法考察60Co-γ射线照射天麻其化学成分的稳定性

用高效液相色谱法研究60Co-γ照射天麻后其主要指纹峰的变化,评价经60Co-γ照射后天麻化学成分的稳定性,以便正确选择60Co-γ照射灭菌剂量.采用高效液相色谱分析了8批照射不同剂量60Co-γ射线的天麻样品,采用国家食品药品监督管理局推荐的“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)”计算处理,匹配了 14个共...     

Correction of retention time shifts for chromatographic fingerprints of herbal medicines

In this study, the combination of chemometric resolution and cubic spline data interpolation was investigated as a method to correct the retention time shifts for chromatographic fingerprints of herbal medicines obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). With the help of the resolution approaches in chemometrics, it was easy to identify the purity of chromatographic peak clusters and then resolve the two-dimensional response matrix into chromatograms and spectra of pure chemical components so as to select multiple mark compounds involved in chromatographic fingerprints. With these mark components determined, the retention time shifts of chromatographic fingerprints might be then corrected effectively. After this correction, the cubic spline interpolation technique was then used to reconstruct new chromatographic fingerprints. The results in this work showed that, the purity identification of the chromatographic peak clusters together with the resolution of overlapping peaks into pure chromatograms and spectra by means of chemometric approaches could provide the sufficient chromatographic and spectral information for selecting multiple mark compounds to correct the retention time shifts. The cubic spline data interpolation technique was user-friendly to the reconstruction of new chromatographic fingerprints with correction. The successful application to the simulated and real chromatographic fingerprints of two Cortex cinnamomi, fifty Rhizoma chuanxiong, ten Radix angelicae and seventeen Herba menthae samples from different sources demonstrated the reliability and applicability of the approach investigated in this work. Pattern recognition based on principal component analysis for identifying inhomogenity in chromatographic fingerprints from real herbal medicines could further interpret it.     

Fingerprint chromatogram analysis of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax root by high performance liquid chromatography

A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the fingerprinting of extracts from the root of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. HPLC with gradient elution was performed on an authentic reference standard of powdered P. heterophylla (Miq.) Pax root and 11 plant samples of the root were collected from different geographic locations. The HPLC chromatograms have been standardized through the selection and identification of reference peaks and the normalization of retention times and peak intensities of all the common peaks. The standardized HPLC fingerprints show high stability and reproducibility, and thus can be used effectively for the screening analysis or quality assessment of the root or its derived products. Similarity index calculations based on cosine angle values or correlation methods have been performed on the HPLC fingerprints. As a group, the fingerprints of the P. heterophylla (Miq.) Pax samples studied are highly correlated with closely similar fingerprints. Within the group, the samples can be further divided into subgroups based on hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Sample grouping based on HCA coincides nicely with those based on the geographical origins of the samples. The HPLC fingerprinting techniques thus have high potential in authentication or source-tracing types of applications.     

Mixture Design PARAFAC HPLC-DAD Metabolomic Fingerprints of Fractionated Organic and Basic Extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erythrina speciosa</Emphasis> Andrews Leaves

HPLC-DAD analysis of statistical mixture design extracts of Erythrina speciosa Andrews leaves provided chromatographic and UV–visible profiles of their basic and organic fractions that were treated with the PARAFAC multivariate method. The design extracts provided greater varieties and amounts of metabolites than could be obtained by classical extraction methods. Fractionation provided more diverse fingerprint information than obtained previously from only the crude extract. The two largest chromatographic peaks, one with a 4.8 min elution time having an intense spectral band at 235 nm and the other a 5.8 min peak with an intense 238 nm band for the basic fraction were obtained with the ternary 1:1:1 ethanol–dichloromethane–hexane mixture. These can be assigned to diene-type and lactonic alkaloids. Peaks with the same retention times are also found in the organic fraction but are extracted with different mixtures and have distinct spectral behavior in the 235 nm region, probably being aromatic alkaloids. The above strategy permits a more unambiguous assignment of metabolic groups to specific chromatographic peaks. This can be expected to provide higher quality chromatographic fingerprints for natural products’ chemistry.     

离子色谱-紫外检测法同时分析碘酸根、碘离子、溴酸根和溴离子

建立了同时分析碘酸根、碘离子、溴酸根和溴离子的离子色谱-紫外检测分析方法。用季铵型阴离子交换柱,以柠檬酸-乙腈为流动相,采用紫外检测器实现了4种离子的同时分离和检测。研究了检测波长和流动相种类、浓度、pH值等因素对4种离子分离和测定的影响,探讨了保留规律,优化了色谱分析条件。在检测波长为210 nm、流动相为1.0 mmol/L柠檬酸-乙腈（85：15,v/v;pH 5.0）、流速为0.9 mL/min、柱温为40 ℃条件下,4种离子完全分离,且系统峰不干扰测定。4种离子的检出限（S/N=3）为0.07~0.16 mg/L,连续5次进样测定的峰面积和保留时间的相对标准偏差均在1%以下。将此方法用于离子液体样品及地下水样品的分析,结果准确、可靠。     

中药指纹图谱共有峰的自动识别

依托时间匹配、光谱信息辅助,利用自编的VB程序,建立并比较了时间匹配和时间匹配参考光谱信息两种识别中药指纹图谱共有峰的方法,并成功地应用于肉苁蓉的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)法指纹图谱的建立.结果表明,只需要人为设置色谱峰大小下限、保留值相对误差上限和最大吸收波长差值上限三个参数,VB程序编制的指纹分析系统就能快速对所有样本进行共有峰识别和模糊数学处理,实现了无人工干预下的中药指纹图谱共有峰的自动识别,指纹图谱的建立过程客观,并且节省大量时间,其中参考光谱法识别结果更准确.     

基于挥发性组分的气相色谱指纹图谱评价沉香化气片质量

建立了沉香化气片的气相色谱指纹图谱,并结合化学模式识别评价20批沉香化气片的质量。乙醇超声提取20批沉香化气片的挥发性成分,以正十八烷为内标,分析了3个主要组分的含量,且以内标计算其他各组分的相对峰面积,建立了沉香化气片的气相色谱指纹图谱,确定了11个共有峰,得到了各批次样品的相似度,并通过气相色谱-质谱法和对照品比对对10个共有峰进行了指认。将获得的峰面积指纹图谱采用系统聚类分析和主成分分析进行化学模式识别研究,实现了不同批次沉香化气片的区分,发现了造成不同批次样品差异的主要标记物。该方法有效且综合性强,为科学评价与有效控制沉香化气片的质量提供了可靠的参考。