光学频率梳非线性传输及其在相位噪声探测中的应用

光纤传递链路中相位噪声探测是基于光纤的精确射频标准传递系统中重要组成部分。为解决光纤链路相位噪声探测中节点反射干扰的问题, 本文基于广义非线性薛定谔方程, 理论上研究了窄带光学频率梳在色散位移光纤中的非线性光学传播特性。在理论分析的基础上, 结合密集波分复用架构, 提出了一种基于锁模光学频率梳进行光纤传递射频信号的相位噪声探测新技术, 克服了节点反射干扰, 给出了初步实验验证。     

A method of tunable high repetition-rate picosecond optical pulse generation using injection locking of laser diodes

A method of tunable, high repetition-rate optical pulse generation by using optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers has been described in this paper. This method utilizes the superposition of five coherent optical carriers obtained from the spectrum of optical phase modulation, which results in a sharp optical pulse. Theoretical calculations indicate that a pulse width of 1 ps and a repetition rate of 200 GHz can be achieved for a modulator drive frequency of 40 GHz. PACS 42.79.Sz; 42.79.Hp; 42.79.-e; 42.62.-b; 85.60.-q     

基于注入半导体激光器的微波副载波相位调制信号产生

光载无线技术是解决终端超宽带无线通信的重要方法,光信号与微波/毫米波信号的融合处理技术在光-无线的数据格式转换中至关重要.提出了一种基于相位调制信号光注入Fabry-Perot型半导体激光器实现微波副载波相位调制信号产生的方法.光学注入半导体激光器的输出光场会产生一周期(P1)振荡效应, P1振荡产生的边带实现了相位调制信号光的调制分量的放大,被放大的调制分量与注入光载波在激光器腔内拍频形成微波副载波.注入光相位的变化导致新产生的微波副载波相位变化, 实现了注入信号光相位信息转化为微波副载波相位信息.本系统完成1.3 Gb/s, 2.7 Gb/s, 2 Gb/s光相位调制信号到微波副载波相位调制信号的转换,并测量了微波的单边带相位噪声. 通过光电转换和电域混频将还原出的光基带信号与原信号进行逻辑对比,证明了数据信息转换的正确性.     

基于DFB腔注入锁定效应的可调谐光电振荡器

提出一种基于分布反馈光注入锁定效应的可调谐光电振荡器,其环路主要由马赫曾德尔调制器、光电探测器、环形器、分布反馈激光器和射频放大器顺接而成,分布反馈激光器是系统关键器件,通过分布反馈激光器光注入锁定效应,分布反馈腔在光域实现了微波光子滤波器功能,无需传统光电振荡器必须的射频带通滤波器.同时,由于分布反馈激光器注入锁定提高了环路Q值,因此系统可采用短环路结构,从而降低了光纤因温度敏感对微波信号稳定性的影响并减小了整个系统的尺寸.另外,通过调节注入光波长和功率可改变该微波光子滤波器的中心频率,从而可实现系统的可调谐性.理论分析了该光电振荡器的原理和微波光子滤波器的调谐性,在此基础上开展了实验验证.结果表明该光电振荡器能够产生18.7～21.6 GHz的可调微波信号,在1 kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-90 dBc/Hz.     

光纤稳相微波频率传输中相干瑞利噪声的影响与抑制

利用光纤进行相位稳定的微波频率参考的远距离分配,在深空科学研究、基础物理测量以及多基地雷达技术方面有着广泛的应用需求。研究了基于往返相位校正的光纤稳相传输理论,建立了稳相传输的理论模型,搭建了基于光电延迟锁相环的光纤稳相传输实验系统,理论分析并实验研究了相干瑞利散射噪声对系统传输相位稳定性的影响。研究发现相干瑞利散射噪声不仅直接造成远端信号信噪比恶化,并且通过锁相环路转化为系统残余相位噪声,进一步恶化远端信号的稳定性,成为影响稳相传输系统性能的主要因素。针对该问题,提出了双波长的稳相传输技术,有效地克服了相干瑞利散射噪声的影响,实现了10GHz微波频率参考、100km光纤稳相分发,传输至远端的相位均方根抖动(RMS-jitter)低于730fs。     

Control of period-one oscillation for all-optical clock division and clock recovery by optical pulse injection driven semiconductor laser

The period-one oscillation produced by an external optical pulse injection driven semiconductor laser is applied to clock recovery and frequency division. By adjusting the repetition rate or injection power of the external injection optical pulses to lock the different harmonic frequencies of the period-one state, the clock recovery and the frequency division （the second and third frequency divisions） are achieved experimentally. In addition, in frequency locking ranges of 2 GHz and 1.9 GHz, the second and third frequency divisions are obtained with the phase noise lower than 100 dBc/Hz, respectively. Our experimental results are consistent well with the numerical simulations.     

Elimination of polarization-induced signal fading and reduction of phase noise in interferometric optical fiber sensor using polarization diversity receivers

Interferometric optical fiber sensor relies on the coherent mixing of two optical signals, which is strongly polarization dependent. The fluctuation in the input polarization to an interferometric optical fiber sensor can result in not only the variation of the visibility but also the generation of excess phase noise in the output. In this paper, the relationship between the visibility and polarization-induced phase noise coefficient is described and theoretically confirmed. The use of tri-state polarization diversity receivers to eliminate polarization-induced signal fading and reduce phase noise is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. The result shows that tri-state PDR that improves the visibility can reduce the polarization-induced phase noise and the signal can be correctly demodulated.     

Novel model of FM-noise conversion in a UMZI using RF external phase modulation of lasers: Theoretical and experimental results

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new and original model for theoretical calculation and experimental measurement of the noise power spectral density (NPSD) in phase-modulated optical links. The phase modulation is operated in the RF frequency range by an external phase modulator. The NPSD is derived for the first time in interferometric systems, by considering all effects such as the 1/f FM noise of the laser and white noise applied to light from a 1550 nm DFB laser, with phase modulation. The results show for the first time the influence of the phase modulation index, modulation frequency and interferometric delay in the phase-to-intensity noise conversion. The experimental and simulation results of conversion of FM-noise to intensity noise in an optical link by considering the external RF phase modulation are shown with good agreement.     

Suppression of Chaotic Generation Caused by the External Optical Feedback in a Laser Diode

It is shown by computer simulation and in experiments that chaotic generation caused by the external optical feedback in a laser diode can be suppressed by means of a delayed optoelectronic feedback controlled by the injection current. The suppression of chaotic generation is realized for an AlGaAs/GaAs laser of the quantum wall structure. In the presence of the external optical feedback provided by the mirror placed at a distance of 1~mm the noise of optical intensity is of the oder of 10 W, the single mode dominates in the spectrum, and its spectral width exceeds 600 MHz. The optoelectronic feedback controlled by the injection current reduces the noise by several times and narrows the generation line width down to 80 MHz.     

基于次谐波调制光注入半导体激光器获取窄线宽微波信号的实验研究

实验研究了处于单周期振荡的光注入半导体激光器在频率等于单周期振荡频率一半的1/2次谐波调制下所产生的微波信号的特性.实验结果显示:在合适的注入条件下,处于单周期(P1)振荡的光注入半导体激光器可输出频率可达26.5 GHz、光谱具有单边带结构的光生微波信号,但微波信号的线宽比较宽(MHz量级);通过采用频率为单周期振荡频率一半的次谐波信号调制光注入半导体激光器,可将微波线宽从十几MHz压缩到几十k Hz.进一步分析了次谐波调制信号的功率以及频率对微波信号的相位噪声的影响,并在由次谐波调制信号的功率和频率构成的参数空间绘制出了能实现次谐波频率锁定的分布区域.     

Microwave Photonic Link with Carrier Suppression for Increased Dynamic Range

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of microwave photonic links with bias-shifted Mach-Zehnder modulators are presented. An optical amplifier is used to increase link gain and reduce noise figure. The combination of modulator bias shift away from quadrature and optical amplification reduces the link noise figure by more than 15 dB. For modulation frequencies from 2 to 18 GHz, the third-order limited spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR3) of these links is greater than 120 dB, normalized to a 1-Hz bandwidth. Conventional links based on Mach-Zehnder modulators are limited to SFDR3 values of approximately 110 dB, normalized to a 1-Hz bandwidth. This level of performance is achieved without electronic or optical linearization.     

基于光纤传感的核信号读出方法中的调制驱动模块设计和实现

基于光相位调制的核信号读出方法将探测器信号调制进光纤中,并使用光纤作为模拟信号的传输介质。在该读出方案中,调制驱动模块负责载波信号的产生及放大,是该方案读出电子学系统的重要组成部分。为了产生低相位噪声,幅度大且幅度可调的载波信号,本工作提出了基于锁相环的载波产生电路和基于MMIC射频放大器的载波放大电路的设计方案,该方案结构简单,尺寸小,性能优异。对载波产生电路使用了ADIsimPLL仿真软件进行了环路滤波器的设计和仿真,同时也对载波放大电路使用ADS仿真软件进行了设计和仿真,并在实验室条件下进行了测试。测试结果表明,输出26 dBm载波信号相位噪声好于–110 dBc/Hz@100 kHz,能够用于信号解调。     

Squeezing in the audio gravitational-wave detection band

We demonstrate the generation of broadband continuous-wave optical squeezing from 280 Hz-100 kHz using a below-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The squeezed state phase was controlled using a noise locking technique. We show that low frequency noise sources, such as seed noise, pump noise, and detuning fluctuations, present in optical parametric amplifiers, have negligible effect on squeezing produced by a below-threshold OPO. This low frequency squeezing is ideal for improving the sensitivity of audio frequency measuring devices such as gravitational-wave detectors.     

Space-variant polarization scrambling for image encryption obtained with subwavelength gratings

We present an optical encryption method based on geometrical phase, which is originated from polarization manipulation. The decrypted picture is retrieved by measuring the polarization of the beam emerging from the encrypted element. The encrypted element is achieved by using a computer-generated space-variant subwavelength dielectric grating. Theoretical analyses of the optical concept by use of Jones and Mueller formalisms, as well as experimental results including full optical decryption process are introduced. Digital implementation and the possibility of using watermarking are also discussed.     

Amplitude to phase conversion of InGaAs pin photo-diodes for femtosecond lasers microwave signal generation

When a photo-diode is illuminated by a pulse train from a femtosecond laser, it generates microwaves components at the harmonics of the repetition rate within its bandwidth. The phase of these components (relative to the optical pulse train) is known to be dependent on the optical energy per pulse. We present an experimental study of this dependence in InGaAs pin photo-diodes illuminated with ultra-short pulses generated by an Erbium-doped fiber based femtosecond laser. The energy to phase dependence is measured over a large range of impinging pulse energies near and above saturation for two typical detectors, commonly used in optical frequency metrology with femtosecond laser based optical frequency combs. When scanning the optical pulse energy, the coefficient which relates phase variations to energy variations is found to alternate between positive and negative values, with many (for high harmonics of the repetition rate) vanishing points. By operating the system near one of these vanishing points, the typical amplitude noise level of commercial-core fiber-based femtosecond lasers is sufficiently low to generate state-of-the-art ultra-low phase noise microwave signals, virtually immune to amplitude to phase conversion related noise.     

Geometrical phase image encryption obtained with space-variant subwavelength gratings

An optical encryption method based on a geometrical phase produced by space-variant polarization manipulation is presented. The decrypted picture is retrieved either by a polarization measurement of the beam emerging from the encrypted element or by a single intensity measurement of the beam transmitted through the encrypted element followed by an optical key element. Both elements are realized by use of computer-generated space-variant subwavelength dielectric gratings. Theoretical analyses of the optical concept are presented along with experimental results.     

有效压缩增益开关DFB激光器光谱线宽的注入时间窗口

实验与理论研究了外光注入种子脉冲有效压缩增益开关DFB激光器光谱线宽的注入时间窗口.发现只有在增益开关光脉冲建立之前约100 ps的时间窗口内，注入种子脉冲方可以有效压缩增益开关DFB半导体激光器光谱线宽, 并且线宽随着注入光强度的增加而减小，可产生低啁啾的近变换极限的超短光脉冲.实验证实，在此时间窗口内注入种子脉冲，增益开关DFB激光器的光谱线宽从0.46 nm压缩至0.08 nm，时间带宽积从2.46降低至0.70.同时理论研究了增益开关DFB半导体激光器的光谱线宽压缩与种子脉冲的注入时间及强度的关系.     

重复频率可调谐的超低抖动光窄脉冲源的研究

提出了一种新型的基于光电振荡器的重复频率可调谐的超低抖动光窄脉冲源. 光电振荡器系统可以产生超低相位噪声的微波信号; 被该信号调制的直调光经过两次相位调制之后, 使光脉冲的啁啾增强; 再通过一段色散补偿光纤, 光脉冲被进一步压窄. 实验中使用YIG可调滤波器, 可以得到8–12 GHz内步进为200 MHz的可调谐微波信号, 因此光脉冲的重复频率具有可调谐性. 当微波信号即脉冲重复频率为9.6 GHz时, 测得脉冲宽度为3.7 ps, 相位噪声为-130.1 dBc/Hz@10 kHz. 由此得出光脉冲的瞬时抖动为60.1 fs (100 Hz–1 MHz), 因此该方案产生的光窄脉冲源具有超低的抖动.     

高速线性光采样用被动锁模光纤激光器重复频率优化

线性光采样是一种测量基于先进调制码型的高速光信号的有效手段, 而被动锁模光纤激光器是其实施所需的关键组件. 本文在介绍线性光采样工作原理的基础上, 首次分析得到被动锁模光纤激光器重复频率与待测信号光线宽的约束关系, 对于正交相移键控(QPSK)信号, 当信号光线宽与采样光脉冲重复频率的比值小于1.5×10^-3 时, 高速信号的相位噪声对线性光采样带来的损伤可以忽略不计. 利用95.984 MHz重复频率的被动锁模光纤激光器对线宽为100 kHz速率为28 Gbaud的QPSK信号开展相关实验, 通过标准数字相干接收算法可以得到与传统高速示波器相同的星座图, 理论分析与实验结果完全符合. 这一研究结果有助于线性光采样用被动锁模光纤激光器的优化设计.     

半导体激光器激活层中的四波混频和相位共轭光的发生

本文提出了一种从半导体激光器中发生和检测相位共轭光的新方法,并用1.3μm分布反馈半导体激光器作了实验验证。本方法不仅可以用来发生相位共轭光,还可以用来研究振荡运转中的激光激活介质的非线性光学特性。