Ionic liquids with herbicidal anions

Ionic liquids with herbicidal anions (named herbicidal ionic liquids—HILs) were synthesized and characterized. The combination of two active chemicals as the [cation][anion] form in a single moiety reduced the number of additional chemicals required per application. HILs ([cation][MCPA]) exhibited higher biological activity than currently used salts of MCPA, and involved pesticides of a multidirectional activity ([plant growth regulator][MCPA]). Acute toxicity of HILs could be controlled by appropriate selection of cation type. These salts had chemical and thermal stability, and showed substantially lower water solubility than starting herbicides, thus reducing soil and groundwater mobility.     

2,4-D based herbicidal ionic liquids

Herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) with a 2,4-D anion were synthesized and characterized. These salts have chemical and thermal stability. HILs exhibited higher biological activity than currently used salts of 2,4-D. HILs are nonvolatile and showed substantially lower water solubility than starting herbicides.     

Herbicidal ionic liquid with dual-function

Herbicidal ionic liquid with dual functions has been synthesized and characterized (properties, chemical stability and biological activity). 2-Chloroethyltrimethylammonium (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate prepared in an alkaline environment undergoes the reaction of dehydrochlorination by the E2 mechanism. This may be described as a specific instance of providing third generation ILs with high potential of application, which preserve both pesticidal properties: the herbicidal activity due to their anions and plant growth inhibition effect due to their cations.     

4-烷氧/苄氧基苯基四唑和1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物的合成及除草活性

以4-氰基苯酚为起始原料,在4-烷氧基/苄氧基苯甲脒结构基础上,设计合成了5个4-烷氧基/苄氧基苯基四唑及17个新型2-取代-5-(4-烷氧基/苄氧基)苯基噁二唑类化合物,通过元素分析、1H NMR和MS对所合成的新化合物进行了结构表征.初步除草活性测试结果表明,部分化合物对双子叶油菜和单子叶稗草表现出较好的生长抑制活性.     

4-烷氧/苄氧基苯基四唑和1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物的合成及除草活性

以4-氰基苯酚为起始原料, 在4-烷氧基/苄氧基苯甲脒结构基础上, 设计合成了5个4-烷氧基/苄氧基苯基四唑及17个新型2-取代-5-(4-烷氧基/苄氧基)苯基噁二唑类化合物, 通过元素分析、1H NMR和MS对所合成的新化合物进行了结构表征. 初步除草活性测试结果表明, 部分化合物对双子叶油菜和单子叶稗草表现出较好的生长抑制活性.     

A novel family of green ionic liquids with surface activities

Ionic liquids have many unique properties as a new and remarkable class of environmental benign solvents,which promises widespread applications in industry and other areas. However,the ionic liq-uids with surface activity are rarely reported. In this work,a series of novel ionic liquids was synthe-sized by using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and alkyl bromide. The physical properties of this family of ionic liquids have been characterized,which shows that these compounds have ionic liquids characteristics,surface activity and biocompatibility.     

新三取代嘧啶苯磺酰脲衍生物的合成与生物活性

设计合成了22个具有4,5,6-三取代嘧啶磺酰脲衍生物, 其结构经1H NMR, MS和元素分析确证. 经盆栽试验测定了化合物的除草活性, 结果表明, 嘧啶环5位取代基的引入对分子除草活性有一定的影响.     

不同树脂对瓜果腐霉代谢产物中除草活性成分的吸附分析

利用HPD400、HPD500、HPD600、HPD700、HPD850、ADS-17、D101、DM130大孔吸附树脂对瓜果腐霉培养滤液中除草活性成分的吸附情况进行了研究,通过对树脂吸附后的流出液和洗脱液的浓缩物进行HPLC检测分析,确定了其除草活性成分。实验发现,在所选择的8种树脂中以HPD500、HPD850、HPD600、ADS-17对除草活性成分的吸附能力最强,其中以HPD500和HPD600树脂的10%的乙醇洗脱液中除草活性成分含量最高。综合结果表明,以HPD500树脂作为吸附瓜果腐霉培养滤液中除草活性成分的适宜树脂。研究发现,HPD500树脂对除草活性成分吸附和解吸附的最佳条件是:吸附最适温度为20℃,树脂吸附饱和度为33.75mL/g,较适宜吸附流速为2BV/h,较适宜脱附流速为1BV/h,洗脱剂浓度为10%乙醇,洗脱剂用量为2.5BV。     

苯环2-位不同酯基取代的磺酰脲类化合物的合成及其除草活性

以正在开发的磺酰脲类超高效除草剂NK94827[N'-(4'-甲基嘧啶-2'-基)-2-甲氧羰基苯磺酰脲]的基本结构为基础,设计合成了18个苯环2位不同酯基取代的的新型磺酰脲类化合物,产物结构均经¹HNMR及元素分析确证.经油菜平皿法和盆栽试验测试除草活性,所合成的部分磺酰脲化合物的除草活性高.     

Betaine and Carnitine Derivatives as Herbicidal Ionic Liquids

This study focused on the synthesis and subsequent characterization of herbicidal ionic liquids based on betaine and carnitine, two derivatives of amino acids, which were used as cations. Four commonly used herbicides (2,4‐D, MCPA, MCPP and Dicamba) were used as anions in simple (single anion) and oligomeric (two anions) salts. The obtained salts were subjected to analyzes regarding physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, refractive index, thermal decomposition profiles and solubility) as well as evaluation of their herbicidal activity under greenhouse and field conditions, toxicity towards rats and biodegradability. The obtained results suggest that the synthesized herbicidal ionic liquids displayed low toxicity (classified as category 4 compounds) and showed similar or improved efficacy against weed compared to reference herbicides. The highest increase was observed during field trials for salts containing 2,4‐D as the anion, which also exhibited the highest biodegradability (>75 %).     

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel Phenoxysulfonylureas Derivatives

Thirteen novel phenoxysulfonylureas derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by MS, NMR and element analysis. The herbicidal activity and structure-activity relationship were also investigated. The results of preliminary active tests indicate that the compounds show moderate herbicidal activity.     

3-(5′-乙氧基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2′-亚甲氨基)-2-氰基-3-取代-丙烯酸酯类化合物的合成、晶体结构及生物活性

采用氰基丙烯酸酯与5-乙氧基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-甲氨在乙醇中加热回流的方法合成了一系列3-(5′-乙氧基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2′-亚甲氨基)-2-氰基-3-取代-丙烯酸酯类化合物.目标化合物结构均经1HNMR和元素分析确证.生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物对双子叶杂草油菜和苋菜显示出较好的除草活性及良好的选择性,用化合物6j在600g/ha剂量下对油菜和苋菜茎叶进行处理,抑制率仍达100%和95.2%,与对照样B相当;氰基丙烯酸酯3位取代基体积对除草活性影响较大,3位为异丙基时活性最高.     

α-芳氧基乙酸-(2-取代氧基)-苄酯的合成与生物活性

将水杨醇和苯氧乙酸酯化得到了8个新的化合物, 所有化合物经过元素分析和1H NMR确认. 除草活性的初步测试结果表明, 化合物6具有较好的除草活性.     

Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2-cyano-3-(2-fluoro-5-pyridyl)methylaminoacrylates

A series of 2-cyano-3-(2-fluoro-5-pyridyl)methylaminoacrylates were synthesized as herbicidal inhibitors of photosystem II (PSII) electron transport. 2-Fluoro-5-pyridinemethylamine was prepared from 2-amino-5-methylpyridine, subsequent reaction with 2-cyano-3,3-dimethylthioacrylates or 2-cyano-3-methoxyacrylates to yield these title compounds. All of these compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR, mass spectrum and elemental analyses. Their herbicidal activities were evaluated. All of the title compounds showed excellent herbicidal activities to amaranth pigweed and rape in post-emergence treatment. At the rate of 150 g/ha, one compound exhibited similar activity to Cl-analogue. The replacement of chlorine by fluorine group showed the same herbicidal activity.     

Synthesis and herbicidal activity of O,O-dialkyl phenoxyacetoxyalkylphosphonates containing fluorine

A series of substituted phenoxyacetoxyalkylphosphonates bearing fluorine were designed and synthesized. All the new compounds were identified by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR and MS and were tested for herbicidal activity in greenhouse at a rate of 1.5 kg/ha. The results of preliminary bioassay showed that fluorine moiety introduced to the core structure could help to improve the herbicidal activity, and compounds with a 3-trifluoromethyl in benzene ring exhibited higher inhibitory activity.     

4,5,6-三取代嘧啶磺酰脲化合物的合成与除草活性

合成了19个具有4, 5, 6-三取代嘧啶磺酰脲化合物, 经过1H NMR, MS和元素分析确定了其结构. 经油菜平皿法和盆栽试验测定了化合物的除草活性, 并讨论了活性规律.     

新磺酰脲类化合物的合成及生物活性

以正在开发的新磷磺酰脲除草剂N-[2′-(4′-甲基)嘧啶基]-2-硝基苯磺酰脲的研究为基础,设计合成了19个脲桥经修饰的磺酰脲类化合物以及3个新型嘧啶中间体,产物结构经¹HNMR谱及元素分析确证.盆栽试验和离休ALS酶研究结果表明,所合成的化合物均表现出一定的除草活性,部分化合物的除草活性较好.     

新型含苯基取代嘧啶基磺酰脲衍生物的设计、 合成及生物活性

将苯基引入到嘧啶环的4位, 设计、 合成了2个系列共24个结构新颖的磺酰脲类衍生物, 并对其生物活性进行了研究. 抑菌实验结果表明, 目标化合物对苹果轮纹病菌和小麦纹枯病菌表现出优异的抑制率, 其中化合物9f对5种病菌的抑制率均超过65%. 进一步研究发现, 化合物9f对苹果轮纹病菌的EC₅₀值为8.63 mg/L, 略高于对照药百菌清(7.33 mg/L); 化合物8k和9k对小麦纹枯病菌的EC₅₀值分别为5.48和6.09 mg/L, 与百菌清(4.26 mg/L)接近. 同时, 盆栽法除草测试结果表明, 在75 g/ha剂量下, 化合物8d和9d对油菜具有较好的芽前除草活性, 分别为86%和73%; 化合物9h对反枝苋的土壤处理抑制活性为100%, 优于对照药氯磺隆(96%).     

O-烷基苯基硫代膦酰取代硫脲的合成(Ⅲ)──含P─C键化合物的研究

利用O-烷基苯基硫代膦酸异硫氰基酯与胺的加成反应,合成了两系列O-烷基苯基硫代膦酰取代硫腺化合物。经元素分析、IR和¹NNMR确定了它们的结构,并进行了除草活性的测试。     

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of [(Substituted Phenoxyacetoxy) (Substituted Phenyl)Methyl](Methyl) Phosphinates Containing Fluorine

Abstract

A series of [(substituted phenoxyacetoxy)(substituted phenyl)methyl](methyl)phos- phinates containing fluorine were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were identified by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, mass spectrometry. O-methyl [(2-fluorophenoxyacetoxy)(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl](methyl)phosphinate was further analyzed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Their herbicidal activity against a set of weed species was examined. Some of the compounds showed potential herbicidal activity, which provided some indications for further studies on structure modification.

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