First enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-dysibetaine CPa and absolute configurations of natural product

Here we report total synthesis of enantiomerically pure dysibetaine CPa, isolated from Micronesian marine sponge and expected to serve as a neuroactive agent. Starting from meso-cyclopropane triester, the synthesis was achieved in 12.8% overall yield over 10 steps including organocatalytic enantioselective solvolysis of meso-succinic anhydride as a key step. This work established the absolute configurations of the natural product as (3R,4R).     

Chiral relay in NHC-mediated asymmetric β-lactam synthesis II; asymmetry from NHCs derived from acyclic 1,2-diamines

The synthesis of a range of imidazolinium salts derived from acyclic 1,2-diamines, and an evaluation of the reactivity and asymmetric induction of the corresponding NHCs as catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of β-lactams, is reported. An N-methyl-substituted NHC derived from (1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethanediamine shows optimal reactivity and enantioselectivity in this series, in contrast to that observed with NHCs derived from (1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine.     

Practical, efficient, stereoselective, formal synthesis of (2R,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methylproline

A highly efficient and stereoselective synthesis of (2R,3R,4R)-HMP is disclosed employing the sulfinyl group as an internal nucleophile to functionalize an olefin in the key step of the reaction sequence. The proline ring is elaborated by a (4C+N) cyclization.     

Stereoselective synthesis of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-1-amino-cis-3-azabicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2,4-dione hydrochlorides: bicyclic glutamic acid derivatives

Asymmetric synthesis of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-1-amino-cis-3-azabicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2,4-diones has been achieved. The underlying second generation asymmetric synthesis proceeds via a Strecker reaction with commercially available (R)-1-phenylethylamine (1-PEA) as chiral auxiliary, TMSCN as cyanide source and racemic ethyl 2-(2-oxocyclohex-1-yl)ethanoate. A ring closure addition-elimination reaction between an amide nitrogen and the ester functionality leads to the 1-amino-3-azabicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2,4-diones. The absolute configurations of the title compounds have been assigned based on detailed NMR-spectroscopic analysis and X-ray data.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-2-cyanopiperidine,a key intermediate in the route to (S)-pipecolic acid and 2-substituted piperidine alkaloids

The preparation of (S)-2-cyanopiperidine 4 provides a new access to 2-substituted piperidines. This synthesis is based on an enantioselective (R)-oxynitrilase-catalyzed reaction for the preparation of (R)-(+)-6-bromo-2-hydroxyhexanenitrile 1 and the subsequent cyclization of this compound to yield the piperidine ring. The utilization of 4 as the starting material for the synthesis of (S)-2-aminomethylpiperidine 6, (R)-(−)-coniine 10 and (S)-(−)-pipecolic acid 13 is also described.     

Synthesis of chiral unsaturated aminolactones using Pd-catalyzed allylic amination

Stereoselective synthesis of (5R,6R)- and (5S,6S)-5-benzylamino-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxymethyl)-5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones starting from d-glucal and furanaldehyde, respectively, is described. The synthesis relies on a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, an Achmatowicz reaction, and a stereoselective Pd-catalyzed allylic amination as the key steps.     

Total synthesis of a novel 2-thiabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one analogue of penicillin N

A route has been developed which allows synthesis of novel cyclobutanone analogues of penicillin. This is illustrated by the synthesis of (1R,4R,5R,5′R,7S)-(1b) and (1S,4S,5S,5′R,7R)-7-[5′-amino-5′-carboxy]pentanamido]-2-thiabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one-4-carboxylate (1a), an analogue of penicillin N. The key steps in the synthesis were the formation of the bicyclic structure via a [2+2] cycloaddition and the introduction of nitrogen at C7 via an intramolecular nitrene insertion.     

The efficient synthesis of (3R,5R)-5-hydroxypiperazic acid and its diastereomer using Lewis acid-promoted diastereoselective Strecker synthesis

The stereoselective synthesis of (3R,5R)-5-hydroxypiperazic acid, a component of naturally occurring antibiotic cyclodepsipeptides, and its diastereomer was achieved via the use of Lewis acid-promoted diastereoselective Strecker synthesis as a key step, in which an interesting stereochemical reversal of diastereoselectivity by the choice of Lewis acid catalyst was observed.     

Convolutamydine A: the first authenticated absolute configuration and enantioselective synthesis

The absolute configuration of (+)-convolutamydine A 1 isolated from Amathia convoluta has been unambiguously established as (R) by enantioselective synthesis, based on chiral auxiliary-directed π-face discrimination in an allyl metal addition to (1R,2S,5R)-8-phenylmenthyl ester 7. For an independent and unequivocal proof, the absolute stereochemistry of synthetic precursor 11 en route to 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography.     

Ru-catalyzed enantioselective preparation of methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate and its application in the synthesis of (S)-Clopidogrel

The preparation of methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate via Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation was investigated. With Ru-(R,R)-2,4,6-triisopropyl C₆H₂SO₂-DPEN as the catalyst and HCOOH-Et₃N azeotrope as the hydrogen donor, up to 92% ee was obtained in an optional condition. The synthesis of (S)-Clopidogrel was also studied.     

Efficient total synthesis of manzacidin B

The highly diastereoselective synthesis of the marine natural product, (?)-manzacidin B, is described. A novel copper-catalyzed aldol reaction of the α-methylserine-derived aldehyde with an isocyanoacetate possessing (1R)-camphorsultam as the chiral auxiliary proceeded in a highly diastereoselective manner to give the (4R,5R,6R)-adduct, which was converted into manzacidin B in a few steps.     

Synthesis and stereochemical determination of an antifeeding bisabolanoid from Japanese cedar

The first enantioselective synthesis of (1S,3R,6R)-1-hydroxy-7(14),10-bisaboladien-4-one, a potent antifeedant isolated from the Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, was achieved starting from methyl (R)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate via a stereoselective carbonyl ene cyclization reaction as the key step. Comparison of the spectral data and specific rotation of the synthetic material with those of the natural product led to unambiguous stereochemical assignment of the antifeedant as 1S, 3R, and 6R.     

A short and efficient synthesis of (R)-(−)-sporochnol A

A short and efficient synthesis of (R)-(−)-sporochnol A in five steps and 9% overall yield has been developed. The sequence uses as starting material the easily available enantiopure monoketal derived from 1,4-cyclohexanedione and (R,R)-hydrobenzoin that serves as a chiral auxiliary.     

Asymmetric synthesis of naturally occurring (−)-seimatopolides A and B

Asymmetric total synthesis of polyhydroxylated naturally occurring nonenolide seimatopolide A (3S,6S,7S,9R) and seimatopolide B (3S,6R,9R) is described in this article. An E-selective cross metathesis (CM) reaction between two suitable fragments followed by macrolactonization reaction is the main highlight of our synthesis for the two natural products. The fragment containing 6S,7S,9R stereocenters for seimatopolide A has been synthesized from l-tartaric acid as a chiral pool starting material, by employing (R)-CBS-mediated stereoselective keto reduction reaction. Another fragment, which is common for both the molecules, containing the 3S stereocenter was prepared by ME-DKR (metal enzyme combined dynamic kinetic resolution) method. The fragment having 6R,9R stereocenters for seimatopolide B has been prepared from n-decanal by adopting (R)-CBS-mediated keto reduction and Brown asymmetric allylation reaction.     

First stereoselective total synthesis of (6R)-6-[(4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-10-phenyldec-1-enyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one

A stereoselective total synthesis of (6R)-6-[(4R,6R)-4,6-dihydroxy-10-phenyldec-1-enyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one is reported. The strategy utilizes an iterative Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution, ring opening with a chiral propargylic synthon and a preferential (Z)-Wittig olefination reaction and lactonization as the key steps.     

Total synthesis of (R)- and (S)-turmerone and (7S,9R)-bisacumol by an efficient chemoenzymatic approach

An enantioselective synthesis of (R)-, (S)-turmerone and (7S,9R)-bisacumol is described. The enantiomerically pure key intermediates, a substituted butanoate ester and acid are utilized in the synthesis of both enantiomers of turmerone. The lipase catalyzed resolution studies of the acetate of bisacumol have been exploited towards the total synthesis of the naturally occurring cytotoxic sesquiterpene, (7S,9R)-bisacumol with high diastereoselectivity (94% de).     

Advantage of in situ generation of N-arylsulfonyl imines from α-amide sulfones in the phase-transfer-catalyzed asymmetric Strecker reaction

Highly efficient, catalytic enantioselective synthesis of N-arylsulfonyl α-amino nitriles from the corresponding α-amido sulfones has been achieved under toluene-aqueous potassium cyanide biphasic conditions using chiral quaternary ammonium iodide (R,R,R)-1 as an effective phase-transfer catalyst. This Strecker synthesis involving the in situ generation of the reactive N-sulfonyl imines is advantageous for the cyanation of the substrates having primary and secondary alkyl substituents.     

Aspartic protease inhibitors via C1-homologation of peptidic aldehydes and studies on reduced amide isosteres

(R)-Configured isophthalic hydroxyethylamines play an important role in the inhibition of β-secretase (BACE1). We present the synthesis of a number of (S)-configured hydroxyethylamine derivatives via 2-iodoethanol intermediates and the comparison with the (R)-analogues. An N-substituted indole was investigated as a substitute for the isophthalamide moiety.     

Natural product synthesis from (8aR)- and (8aS)-bicyclofarnesols: synthesis of (+)-wiedendiol A, (+)-norsesterterpene diene ester and (−)-subersic acid

Both enantiomers (8aR)-7 and (8aS)-7 of bicyclofarnesol were synthesized from the enzymatic resolution products (1R,4aR,8aR)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-oxo-trans-naphthalene-1-methanol-2-ethylene acetal (8aR)-5 (98% ee) and acetate of (1S,4aS,8aS)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-oxo-trans-naphthalene-1-methanol-2-ethylene acetal (8aS)-6 (>99% ee), respectively. The formal synthesis of (+)-wiedendiol 1 was achieved via a coupling reaction of an ate complex derived from 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene with allyl bromide (8aS)-8 derived from (8aS)-7. The total synthesis of (+)-norsesterterpene diene ester 2 was achieved, based on the synthesis of (13E,10S)-α,β-unsaturated aldehyde 12, derived from (8aS)-7, followed by the selective construction of the (3E,5E)-diene moiety including a C(2)-stereogenic centre in (+)-2. The total synthesis of (−)-subersic acid 3 was carried out based on a Stille coupling between allyl trifluoroacetate congener 25c, derived from (8aR)-7, corresponding to the diterpene part, and aryl stannane congener 26 in the presence of Pd catalyst and CuI as an additive.     

Synthesis and derivatisation of N,N′-trisubstituted 1,2-diamines derived from (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane

The synthesis of N,N′-trisubstituted 1,2-diamines can be achieved by simple reduction of an aminal derived from (1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane. We comment on the scope and limitation of this reduction and discuss its application towards the synthesis of unsymmetrical N,N′-tetrasubstituted 1,2-diamines.