气相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定调味品中3种糠醛类物质

建立了同时测定调味品中糠醛、5-甲基糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛的气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)。对样品的前处理方法及GC-MS/MS分析条件进行优化,样品经乙酸乙酯萃取,GC-MS/MS多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定。3种糠醛类物质在0.001～20 mg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 0～0.999 5;检出限(S/N=3)均为0.005 mg/kg,加标回收率为86%～95%。该法简便、快速、溶剂用量少,可消除调味品中复杂基质的干扰,结果准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于调味品中3种糠醛类物质的同时测定。     

无分散剂微波辅助离子液体分散液液微萃取/胶束电动色谱检测食用油中丙烯酰胺和5-羟甲基糠醛残留

丙烯酰胺(AA)和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)主要通过美拉德反应形成,因其在食品中广泛存在且毒理效应显著而倍受关注。该文开发了一种无需分散剂的微波辅助离子液体分散液液微萃取结合胶束电动色谱分析食用油中AA和5-HMF的方法。通过实验优化了影响萃取回收率的因素,包括离子液体种类和体积、微波辅助萃取条件、样品体积以及胶束电动色谱的分离条件等。在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.5～50μg/mL(r~2≥0.997 1),AA和5-HMF检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.11、0.70μg/mL,加标回收率分别为82.5%～96.2%和77.9%～95.9%,相对标准偏差分别为1.3%～5.2%和1.7%～4.9%。利用该方法在3种商品芝麻香油和1种餐馆自制花椒油中检出5-HMF,含量在1.1～3.3μg/mL之间。该方法简单、高效且经济环保,可应用于食用油中AA和5-HMF的分析测定。     

反相液相色谱法同时检测染发剂中4种合成染料的研究

应用超高效液相色谱(UPLC),建立了一套同时分析染发剂中酸性紫6B、罗丹明B、甲基紫2B、结晶紫4种染料类化合物的方法。该方法用V(乙腈):V(水)=30:70萃取染发剂中的染料类成分,定容后用作UPLC检测。经CapcellPakC18色谱柱分离,检测器波长560nm。4种染料类物质的检出限均不高于0.01μg/mL,定量限均不高于0.05μg/mL。用外标法定量,3个添加水平下,4种物质回收率在74.60%～109.15%之间,RSD(n=6)在0.67%～12%之间。方法可用于染发剂中合成染料类物质的快速检测。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定烟用香精料液中的糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛与5-甲基糠醛

建立了同时测定烟用香精料液中糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛和5-甲基糠醛的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)方法。样品经流动相稀释、振荡、过滤后,采用C18(2.1 mm i.d.×100 mm,1.7μm)柱,以乙腈-水(10∶90)为流动相,在流速0.3 m L/min条件下等度洗脱分离,以二极管阵列检测器在波长280 nm下检测,外标法定量。该方法5 min内即可实现3种目标物的分离,5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛和5-甲基糠醛的线性范围分别为0.004 2~40.00 mg/kg,0.004 6~30.00 mg/kg,0.006 9~30.00 mg/kg;相关系数(r2)分别为0.999 2,0.999 9和0.999 8;检出限(S/N=3)分别为1.24,1.37,2.06μg/kg;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.1%~0.4%;加标水平为0.005 0~10.18 mg/kg时,3种化合物的回收率为91.7%~106.0%。该方法操作简便、分析快速、结果准确,适用于烟用香精料液中5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛和5-甲基糠醛的检测。     

超声萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定皮革及其制品中21种有害有机溶剂的残留量

建立了气相色谱-质谱/选择离子监测方法,对皮革及其制品中21种有害有机溶剂的残留量进行了同时测定。该方法以乙酸乙酯为萃取溶剂,45℃下超声萃取皮革及其制品中残留的有害有机溶剂,萃取液经固相萃取柱净化后进行气相色谱-质谱/选择离子监测法分析,外标法定量。结果表明,在信噪比(S/N)为10的条件下,乙二醇二丁醚(EGDBE)、三乙二醇二甲醚(TEGDME)、二乙二醇单丁醚(DEGBE)和三乙二醇单乙醚(TEGEE)的定量下限均为50μg/kg,N-甲基乙酰胺(MA)和N-甲基甲酰胺(MF)的定量下限均为150μg/kg,甲酰胺的定量下限为300μg/kg,其余14种组分的定量下限均为100μg/kg。在3个不同加标水平下,方法的平均加标回收率为82.1%~94.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)为1.6%~4.8%。该方法简单快捷,灵敏度高,可用于皮革及其制品中有害有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

微波辐射下氯化锌催化纤维素转化为呋喃类物质的研究

以氯化锌作为溶剂和催化剂,利用微波辅助氯化锌降解纤维素,致使纤维素直接转化为5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)和1-(2-呋喃基)-2-羟基-乙酮两种呋喃类物质。通过考察反应温度、反应时间、氯化锌用量、纤维素加入量、微波功率和加热方式等因素对其摩尔产率影响可知,在140 mL质量分数为69%的ZnCl₂溶液中,纤维素用量为1 g,反应温度为135 ℃,反应时间为5 min,微波功率为500 W时,5-羟甲基糠醛的摩尔产率达到19.4%,微波功率为600 W时,1-(2-呋喃基)-2-羟基-乙酮的摩尔产率达到12.0%。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定速溶咖啡中糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛

建立测定速溶咖啡中糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛的气相色谱–质谱法。样品经乙腈提取,100 mg C18、50 mg强阳离子交换剂（SCX）、150 mg无水MgSO4净化,经HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱分离,选择离子扫描（SIM）模式,同位素内标法定量。糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛的质量浓度在0.001～8.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,方法检出限为0.080～0.083 mg/kg,平均回收率为91.8%～96.8%,相对标准偏差为2.8%～6.5%(n=5)。该方法简单快速、灵敏可靠,为速溶咖啡中糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛的提取和检测提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

花状FePO_4的制备及催化苦瓜残渣转化为5-羟甲基糠醛的研究

以FeCl_3和KH_2PO_4为原料,采用水热法制备花状FePO_4,考察其对苦瓜残渣催化合成5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)的催化性能。用XRD、FT-IR和SEM等对样品进行表征,考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和苦瓜残渣用量等参数对5-HMF产率的影响。结果表明,水热法制备的花状FePO_4比沉淀法制备的无定型FePO_4对苦瓜残渣催化合成5-HMF表现出更好的催化活性,花状FePO_4在六次循环实验后对5-HMF产率下降7.2%。在催化剂用量0.09g,反应温度180℃、反应时间3 h和物料浓度1.0 g·L-1条件下5-HMF产率达到172 mgHMF/gResidue。     

高效液相色谱法对赤砂糖水解液中三种物质的分离和测定

建立了一种同时分离、测定赤砂糖水解产物中的乙酰丙酸(LA)、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)和甲酸(FA)的高效液相色谱法。采用Agilent TC-C18色谱柱(4.6×250mm,5μm)、Agilent 1200 series VWD紫外检测器,以乙腈:磷酸-磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液(pH2.6)=15∶85(体积比)为流动相进行分离,检测波长210nm,柱温30℃,流速1mL/min。在此条件下,三种物质的色谱峰面积与浓度线性良好,线性相关系数r在0.9993～0.9999之间,平均回收率为99.02%～106.28%,精密度实验的相对标准偏差为0.25%～1.30%(n=5)。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定固体及液体药物中27种新型毒品芬太尼类物质

采用QuEChERS法及固相萃取(SPE)法净化样品,结合液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS),建立了固体和液体药物中27种新型毒品芬太尼类物质(芬太尼类似物和代谢物)的测定方法。分析物采用电喷雾离子源,正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,27种芬太尼类物质在0.5～50.0μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,方法的定量下限为10.0μg/kg(固体药物)、10.0μg/L(液体药物);3个加标水平的回收率为84.8%～109%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.86%～8.5%。该方法快速简便,耗时短,灵敏度高,稳定性好,可用于药物中芬太尼类物质的定性鉴定及定量检测,有助于落实我国对该类物质的整类列管。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.