Effect of dipole-dipole interaction in a solvent on the electronic spectra of three-component solutions

Electronic spectra of three-component solutions are calculated on the basis of a model, which makes it possible to incorporate the interaction between the molecules of a polar solvent, including the case of dielectric saturation. It is shown that the use of the theory of three-component solutions, which disregards the interaction between the molecules of a polar solvent, can lead to an overestimation of the efficiency with which an activator interacts with the molecules of a polar solvent. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 38–41, January–February, 2000.     

有三重态的四能级系统的光学双稳态

对一种有着单重态和三重态的典型的有机物的四能级系统的光学双稳进行了研究。由密度矩阵的速率方程近拟推导出了光学双稳的状态方程。对单重态和三重态吸收或色散情况下的双稳情况用数值解的方法进行了讨论。文中分析了单重态和三重态的合作参数、原子失谐参数和腔失谐参数对双稳的影响。     

Controllable Optical Bistability in a Crystal of Molecular Magnets System

We investigate the formation of optical bistability （OB） in a crystal of molecular magnets contained in a unidirectional ring cavity. The crystal is subjected to one dc magnetic field and two （probe and coupling） ac resonant magnetic field. The results show that OB can be controlled efficiently by adjusting the intensity of the control field, the detuning of probe magnetic field and the cooperation parameter, Furthermore, within certain parameter range, the optical multistablity （OM） can also be observed in the crystal medimn. This＇ investigation can be used for designing new types of nonelectronic devices for realizing switching process.     

BSO晶体空间光学双稳态

在理论上预言了一种新的参量空间光学双稳态，即以偏置电压为输入参量，Ｂｉ１２ＳｉＯ２０晶体输出的高斯光束远场光斑中心点的光强为输出参量和输入高斯光束功率为常量的一种光学双稳态。并且在实验中分别实现了正偏置和反偏置两种情况下的偏置双稳态。     

Controllable Optical Bistability in a Crystal of Molecular Magnets System

We investigate the formation of optical bistability (OB) in a crystal of molecular magnets contained in a unidirectional ring cavity. The crystal is subjected to one dc magnetic field and two (probe and coupling) ac resonant magnetic field. The results show that OB can be controlled efficiently by adjusting the intensity of the control field, the detuning of probe magnetic field and the cooperation parameter. Furthermore, within certain parameter range, the optical multistablity (OM) can also be observed in the crystal medium. This investigation can be used for designing new types of nonelectronic devices for realizing switching process.     

非线性一维光子晶体波导光双稳

利用非线性折射率系数较大且非线性时间响应较快的CdS_xSe_1-x玻璃为材料,设计并制备了非线性一维光子晶体波导光双稳器件,该器件的折射率空间分布呈正弦形式。实验测得双稳开关的阈值功率密度为1.60×10⁵W/cm²,开关时间为63ps。采用时域有限差分方法讨论了光子晶体带隙随入射光强变化而移动的情况,随着入射光功率密度的增加,光子晶体的带隙中心向短波方向移动。同时计算了该器件的双稳特性,理论计算得到双稳开关的阈值功率密度为1.40×10⁵W/cm²,开关时间约为50ps。获得了理论与实验基本一致的结果。     

非相干泵浦过程对光学双稳的影响

研究了低能级偶极子的非相干泵浦过程环形腔中双稳行为的影响，结果表明，耦合系统的双稳机制为非相干泵浦过程的干涉性，双稳迟滞环与非相干泵浦场有严格的对应关系，在一定条件下，甚至出现多稳态，可以利用非相干泵浦的干步性能控制光学双稳。     

压缩真空注入对光学双稳的影响

研究了注入压缩真空对介质为Ａ－型三能级原子的环形腔的双稳行为的影响。结果表明,压缩真空的注入明显增大了双稳迟滞环。可以注入适当的压缩真空来控制双稳。     

Pure Dispersive Optical Bistability of Four－level System in a Fabry－Perot Cavity

ＰｕｒｅＤｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｖｅＯｐｔｉｃａｌＢｉｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆＦｏｕｒ－ｌｅｖｅｌＳｙｓｔｅｍｉｎａＦａｂｒｙ－ＰｅｒｏｔＣａｖｉｔｙ￥ＪＩＹｉｎｇ；ＬＩＮＦｕｃｈｅｎｇ（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｐｔｉｃｓａｎｄＦｉｎｅＭｅｃｈ...     

Ultra-Low Threshold Optical Bistability and Multi-Stability in Dielecrtric Slab Doped with Semiconductor Quantum Well

A scheme for switching of the optical bistability (OB) and multi-stability (OM) in a dielectric slab doped with a three-level ladder-configuration n-doped semiconductor quantum well is simulated. It is shown that the bistable behavior of the system in dielectric slab can be controlled via amplitude or relative phase of applied fields. This optical system may provide some new possibilities for test the switching process.     

Effect of Quantum Interference from Incoherent Pumping Field and Spontaneous Emission on Controlling the Optical Bistability and Multi-Stability

Optical bistability (OB) and optical multi-stability (OM) of a four-level Λ-type atomic system with two fold lower levels inside a unidirectional ring cavity is investigated. The effect of quantum interference arising from spontaneous emission and incoherent pumping on OB and OM is discussed. It is found that the threshold of OB and OM can be controlled by quantum interference mechanisms. In addition intensity of coupling field and the rate of an incoherent pumping field on behavior of OB and OM are then discussed.     

Effect of Material Response Time on Optical Bistability in Nonlinear Distributed Feedback Gratings

The dynamic behaviors of nonlinear periodic waveguides with a finite material response time have been investigated by numerically solving both the coupled-mode equations and Debye relaxation equation. When the response time of the nonlinearity is more than the transit time through the grating, a modulational instability is sufficiently suppressed and one can obtain optical bistability. Unlike a nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator or ring resonators, overshoot in the transmission never takes place in the case of zero detuning. However, a relaxation (or damped) oscillation always takes place in the presence of detuning. It is also found that the switch-on time depends on the material response time and the switch-off time is almost independent of it.     

FP腔中光驱动微悬臂的双稳效应的研究

研究了高灵敏度悬臂梁与光纤端面构筑的低精细度FP型光腔中光驱动的悬臂梁振动的双稳效应。通过改变输入到光腔内的激光功率,检测与之相应的悬臂梁的形变。在实验中发现悬臂梁的形变随激光功率的改变呈现非线性变化的关系,在激光功率增大到一定闽值时可以诱导产生光力双稳效应。通过改变光腔初始腔长成功实现了对产生光力双稳效应阈值的调节。     

弱光反馈下正交时变光注入VCSEL的双稳特性研究

基于垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)的自旋反转模型(SFM),研究了弱光反馈下正交时变光注入VCSEL的双稳特性。研究结果表明,当副激光器(S-VCSEL)受到主激光器(M-VCSEL)正交时变光注入时,弱光反馈的引入不改变正交时变光注入VCSEL的双稳宽度随光注入扫描速率增大而增大的性质;对于确定的光注入扫描速率,随着反馈强度的增大,双稳宽度将变窄;当M-VCSEL与S-VCSEL之间存在频率失谐Δν(等于νm-νs,νm、νs分别为主、副激光器自由运行时的频率)时,随着Δν从负值逐渐增加到正值,双稳宽度总体呈现先减小后增大的趋势,无反馈时在负频区域双稳环宽度呈现的较大波动在引入光反馈后可得到一定程度的抑制。     

Polarization Kinetics of the Fluorescence of Solutions of Complex Molecules Undergoing Impulse Optical Quenching

The influence of optical quenching on the polarization of the integral (in time) fluorescence of solutions of complex molecules using picosecond pulses has been investigated theoretically. The resulting dependences of the degree of polarization on the time shift of pulses for the case of a thin layer of a medium (with no regard for the change in the intensity of the pulses) are in qualitative agreement with the results obtained for quasistationary excitation. A calculation has been made for the case of an extended medium with regard for the amplification of the quenching pulse. It is shown that scanning of the degree of polarization along the length of the cuvette makes it possible to obtain additional information on the mechanism of optical quenching in solutions and on the routes of deactivation of the energy of the molecule's excited state.     

Polarization Switching Bistability and Dynamics in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser under Orthogonal Optical Injection

Bistability as well as dynamics associated to polarization switching in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) submitted to orthogonal optical injection from an external master laser are investigated. Intensity-polarization switching bistability is studied by increasing and decreasing the intensity of the injected beam and for a fixed frequency detuning, i.e. the frequency offset between master and the free running VCSEL. Depending on the frequency detuning, bistable switching is experimentally found to occur with or without injection locking of the fundamental mode to the master laser frequency. For large positive detuning, injection locking of the first-order transverse mode with a strong depression of the fundamental mode has been observed. The case of frequency – polarization switching bistability, i.e. when the frequency detuning is first decreased and then increased for a fixed injected power, has also been theoretically analyzed. Qualitative comparison with previous experimental work is presented for the dependence of the width of the bistable switching region on the injection strength level. Finally we show an experimental result of complicated dynamics including period doubling route to chaos that accompany polarization switching and which motivates future theoretical investigations.     

First-Order-Like Phase Transition Induced by Two Different Kinds of Noise in Dispersive Optical Bistability

With unified colored noise approximation, the steady state distribution function in dispersive optical bistability including both intensity and phase fluctuations is obtained. The parameter plane of the first-order-like phase transition is a/so derived with numerical method. It is found that the number of extremes at non-zero values of the output field in the steady state distribution function is changed from zero, two to four. It is shown that the strengths of the intensity fluctuation and the phase fluctuation have great effect on the first-order-fike phase transition.     

First-Order-Like Phase Transition Induced by Two Different Kinds of Noise in Dispersive Optical Bistability

With unified colored noise approximation, the steady state distribution function in dispersive opticalbistability including both intensity and phase fluctuations is obtained. The parameter plane of the first-order-like phasetransition is also derived with numerical method. It is found that the number of extremes at non-zero values of theoutput field in the steady state distribution function is changed from zero, two to four. It is shown that the strengths of the intensity fluctuation and the phase fluctuation have great effect on the first-order-like phase transition.     

Analysis of Transient Optical Bistability and Stability in a Nonlinear Fiber Fabry-Perot Resonator Based on an Iterative Method

We perform a transient analysis, steady-state analysis, and linear stability analysis of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator in order to examine the possibility of a fiber bistable device. We here develop two iterative methods for calculating the dynamics of the Fabry-Perot resonator containing a nonlinear medium with an instantaneous response time. The treatment of the counter-propagating field within the cavity is very important in estimating the nonlinear phase shift due to propagation. A trapezoid rule and midpoint rule are used here for the numerical integration. The iterative method using the trapezoid rule gives excellent agreement with the multiple-beam method developed by Bischofberger and Shen (Phys. Rev. A 19 (1979) 1169), which is more complicated than the proposed procedure. Unfortunately it is found that the midpoint approximation is numerically unstable. Assuming a conventional optical fiber, the switching power for optical bistability is less than 1 kW for a resonator length of 1-2 cm. On the basis of the iterative method, we perform a linear stability analysis to examine whether Ikeda instability affects bistable device application or not. The stability analysis shows that the instability threshold is two orders of magnitude larger than the switching power for optical bistability.     

Modified Bloch Equations for Subsystems of Two-Level Atoms

Modified Bloch equations that describe the interaction of high-power optical radiation with a dense resonance medium consisting of two subsystems of different two-level atoms of high density are obtained. It is shown that, unlike the one-component resonance medium in which the effect of internal optical bistability manifests itself on the red wing of the absorption line, in the two-component system it appears on the blue wing of one component of the system. The switching of the two subsystems from one steady state to another occurs at the same points of rotation of the hysteresis dependence of the population differences of resonance atomic levels on the radiation intensity that varies adiabatically slowly. The influence of the processes of upconversion on the spectral-threshold characteristics of the effect of internal optical bistability is investigated.