液膜稳定性的研究

利用单滴法对三种表面活性剂的液膜体系的稳定性进行了研究，重点考察了载体的影响，讨论了介质与表面活性剂，介质与载体，载体与表面活性剂的相互作用对液膜稳定性的影响，并根据膜强度数据，给出了液膜稳定的条件。     

乳化液膜法粗萘精制机理的研究

本文采用水和表面活性剂组成的乳化液膜对粗萘精制机理进行了研究，通过考察表面活性剂类型浓度以及内外相比例对液膜选择性和渗透速率的影响，建立了粗萘在液膜精制中的热力学模型。实验结果表明，粗萘中硫茚，甲基萘在液膜中具有较大的分离系数；表面活性剂类型是影响液膜选择性的主要因素；表面活性剂浓度和内外相比例则影响液膜的渗透能力。     

乳化液膜法处理含铅废水的工艺及稳定性

采用乳化液膜对含铅Pb2 +废水进行了处理。分别考察了膜相组成、载体浓度、表面活性剂浓度、内相组成等因素对铅提取率的影响 ,从而得到了较为适宜的工艺条件。在此工艺条件下 ,可以使得外相料液中的铅离子浓度降低 99%以上。同时对影响液膜稳定性的各种因素进行了研究 ,可望通过工艺条件的优化 ,将膜破裂等降低到最低程度。     

铜(Ⅱ)在双表面活性剂液膜体系中的迁移行为

乳状液膜分离技术具有快速高效、选择性强、富集比大等优点[1-4],但该技术目前大多还处在实验阶段,要实现工业化则必须解决液膜稳定性、有毒试剂的使用及二次污染等问题.表面活性剂对于乳状液膜的形成和稳定至关重要[5-7],而在液膜体系中采用复合表面活性剂,能改善液膜性能,提高膜稳定性及传质效率[8].本文研究了铜(Ⅱ)在span80-SDS-NH3液膜体系中的迁移行为.体系中无流动载体,利用内、外相中被分离物的浓度梯度促进物质迁移.当Cu2+进入内相时,与NH3产生络合反应,使内相中游离的铜离子浓度趋于零而促使其由外相进入内相,实现Cu2+与外相溶液的分离.     

水溶性聚合物和两亲聚合物19．磺化液体聚丁二烯──种新型液膜用表面活性剂

一种新的聚工二烯型表面活性剂ＬＹＦ经液体聚了二烯磺化方法制备而得，并应用于液膜分离研究之中。发现无论内水相是酸性还是碱性，由该表面活性剂制得的Ｗ／Ｏ型乳状液在稳定性、溶胀率和破乳诸方面均具有令人满意的综合性能。为深入了解液膜的稳定性，我们测定了处于两种水相间的双分子膜的强度。发现由ＬＹＦ所形成的双分子膜具有最大的膜强值，优于聚异丁烯型的表面活性剂ＥＣＡ４３６０和ＥＭ３０１．     

乳状液膜处理合铬废水的研究

本文对乳状液膜从含铬（VI）废液中提取铬进行了研究，考察了影响铬迁移的几种因素：内外水相pH、表面活性剂、流动载体、添加剂等．结果表明，在合适的操作条件下，当废水中铬的含量在4．8×10－3mol·L－1时，经过一级液膜处理，废水中铬的提取率可达99％以上，提余液可以直接排放．     

适用于液膜分离的磺化液体聚丁二烯型聚合物表面活性剂

液膜技术作为一种高效、快速的分离工艺已应用于工业废水处理,分离和浓缩金属离子和某些有机化合物,它的成功应用有赖于性能优良的表面活性剂的研究和开发。聚合物表面活性剂可增加液膜的强度,可提高所得乳液的稳定性,受到     

乳状液膜处理含铬废水的研究

本文对乳状液膜从含铬(VI）废液中提取铬进行了研究，考察了影响铬迁移的几种因素；内外水相pH、表面活性剂、流动载体、添加剂等。结果表明，在合适的操作条件下，当废水中铬的含量在4．8×10^-3mol·L^-1时，经过一级液膜处理，废水中铬的提取率可达99%以上，提余液可以直接排放。     

液膜预富集水相痕量镍的分析研究

研究了液膜体系对水相中痕量镍离子的富集方法,镍离子从外相水溶液被膜相载体通过液膜运进含有反萃取剂的内相,从而达到富集效果,液膜富集一次回收率达98％,二闪富集倍数250倍,试验了载体,表面活性剂,液体石蜡,膜与内相水的水／油比,乳化液与外相水的乳／水比,内相酸度,外相PH值,富集时间的破乳剂用量等因素的影响,利用正交分析试验选出了最佳试验条件,并比较在相同条件下液膜法与萃取法提取镍的效果,通过液膜富集,使原子吸收法测定痕量镍达到了10^-9级。     

支撑液膜研究及应用进展

支撑液膜技术是高选择性膜分离技术,本文对支撑液膜分离技术的研究进展进行了回顾,详述了用于金属离子分离的支撑液膜所采用的载体、影响支撑液膜稳定性的原因以及改善途径,并对支撑液膜的发展前景进行了展望。     

液膜分离富集、测定痕量钼

用乳状液膜体系对钼进行富集。该体系包括载体 ( 5,8-二乙基 - 7-羟基十二烷 - 6-单肟 ,简称LIX63)、表面活性剂 (N1 1 3C)、溶剂(煤油 )以及内相 ( 0 .1 5mol/LNaOH溶液 )。研究了乳状液膜的稳定性、温度、钼的浓度、外相的HNO3溶液浓度及乳水比等因素对分离富集钼的影响。实验表明 ,在适宜的条件下 ,钼的迁移率可达 99.5%～1 0 0 .2 %。该法已应用于富集、测定纯钨和钢铁中的痕量钼 ,结果相当满意     

Extraction of Cr (VI) by pickering emulsion liquid membrane using amphiphilic silica nanowires (ASNWs) as a surfactant

Pickering emulsion is the replacement of surfactants with solid, often nano-sized particles. The particle-stabilized emulsions have good thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Pickering emulsion liquid membrane (PELM) was prepared using mahua oil as a diluent, aliquat 336 (Trioctyl methylammonium chloride) as a carrier and amphiphilic silica nanowires (ASNWs) (10–40?ml ethanol addition) as a surfactant. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as stripping phase in the concentration range from 0.1 to 0.5?M for the extraction of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] from aqueous solution. The variety of edible and non-edible oils was investigated for the stability of water in oil emulsion. Factors that influence silica-stabilized Pickering emulsions are pH, agitation speed, stripping phase concentration, the volume ratio of membrane to stripping phase (M/S), initial feed concentration, treat ratio(feed to emulsion volume ratio) and surfactant concentration for better PELM stability. And also, the extraction efficiency of Cr (VI) was investigated using aliquat as a carrier. The physicochemical properties of ASNWs were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques. At an optimum condition, 99.69% of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution was obtained.     

The Role of Internal Droplet Size on Emulsion Stability and the Extraction Performance of Kraft Lignin Removal from Pulping Wastewater in Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process

It has been discovered that the size of internal droplets in primary emulsion determines emulsion dispersion and stability in emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process for removal of lignin from pulping wastewater. Generally, primary emulsion contains kerosene, Aliquat 336, sodium bicarbonate, as well as Span 80 as diluent, carrier, internal phase, and surfactant, respectively. Hence, this study had looked into the parameters, including concentration of surfactant, carrier, and stripping agent; emulsification speed and time; as well as agitation speed and time. As a result, the diameter of the smallest droplets (1.4 µm) was formed with maximum lignin extraction (95%), minimum swelling (5%) at 3% (w/v) surfactant concentration, 12,000 rpm of emulsification within 5 minutes, 0.01 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO_3, and 250 rpm of extraction within 10 minutes.     

乳状液膜法分离水中镉

本文报道了用乳状液膜法分离镉的研究。在此分离体系中,以煤油作为膜溶剂,span80为表面活性剂,磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体,液体石蜡为膜增强剂。详细讨论了制乳时间、混合时间、搅拌速度,span80、TBP以及液体石蜡的浓度,乳水比和油内比,内相氨水和外相HCl溶液的浓度对分离的影响,确立了最佳分离条件。     

A study on a two-component liquid membrane system

A novel two-component liquid membrane system in which one of the components, polyethylene glycol, acts as both carrier and surfactant, is described. The composition and the stability of the two-component liquid membrane system are discussed in terms of surfactant concentration, base concentration in the internal phase, acidity of the external phase, the concentration of the counter-anion SCN^? in the cation extraction, etc. The extraction efficiency and the permeation mechanism of the system are compared with that of conventional three-component liquid membranes. Obviously, the nature of the system is quite different from three-component liquid membranes and conventional solvent extraction, although the system of solvent extraction also contains two components.     

谷氨酸在Span80-AOT-APS体系中的迁移行为

报道了谷氨酸在乳状液膜体系中的迁移行为,采用失水山梨醇单油酸酯(span80)-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)为表面活性剂,对氨基苯磺酸(APS)为载体,煤油为膜溶剂,氯化钾为内相试剂.讨论了制乳时间和乳液与外相混合时间、表面活性剂和流动载体浓度、内相试剂浓度、水乳比和油内比对分离效果的影响.确定了最佳分离条件为制乳...     

Removal of Mercury by Emulsion Liquid Membranes: Studies on Emulsion Stability and Scale Up

Emulsion liquid membranes (ELM) have received significant attention in the separation of various metal ions from industrial wastewater. Still efforts are needed to get the desired level of stability to overcome the hindrance in the application of ELM at industrial scale. In this paper, the effects of various parameters such as emulsification speed, concentration of cosurfactant, surfactant, carrier and impeller speed during extraction on the stability of an emulsion liquid membrane are studied. Dispersion destabilization of w/o emulsion is checked by Turbiscan. Drop size distribution and photomicrographs of the emulsions are also analyzed to evaluate stability of the emulsion. Instability of emulsion liquid membrane during extraction process is measured in terms of membrane breakage. A stable emulsion is used for the extraction of mercury from aqueous solution in small scale as well as in large scale.     

Enzyme activity and stability control by amphiphilic self-organizing systems in aqueous solutions

The interaction of surfactants with proteins in aqueous solutions has been the subject of many investigations to understand the interactions between membrane proteins and lipids, structurally similar to synthetic surfactants. The effect of surfactant on enzyme structure and activity is the result of chemically selective interactions that may be influenced both by the enzyme structure and by the chemistry of the surfactant. For many years, surfactants have been considered as non-specific denaturants of proteins, even if in the literature several of them are reported to enhance activity and/or stability of some enzymes: the detergent can interact with the enzyme and cause a conformational change to a more active form and/or stabilize its native folded structure. Although the surfactant head group seems to have a determining role, other structural features of the detergent are also important in influencing the catalytic properties of an enzyme, i.e. head group size and its hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance. Up to now it is very difficult to predict the molecular features of the surfactant and an extensive investigation on the relationship between the surfactant chemical structure and the catalytic properties of enzyme is still required.