猪肉中19种β-受体激动剂的液相色谱串联四极杆-飞行时间质谱(Q-TOF)筛查和确证方法研究

利用PCDL数据库中准确质量数、保留时间和二级质谱图对猪肉中19种β-受体激动剂进行Q-TOF筛查和确证分析,其匹配度分值均达到97%以上。选择Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),以0.1%甲酸溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,目标物在13 min内完成分离。各物质的线性范围为0.5~50.0μg/L,相关系数大于0.994,定量限为0.5 ng/g。在空白猪肉样品中添加0.5,5.0,50.0μg/kg的待测物质时,加标回收率为75.2%~107.7%,RSD均小于16%。方法可应用于猪肉中β-受体激动剂的筛查和确证。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法用于食物中毒的快速筛查与确证

建立了一种利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱筛查食物中毒的方法。试样用乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离。采用四极杆飞行时间质谱信息依赖性扫描(information dependent acquisition,IDA)模式进行分析。该模式可以实现一次进样分析同时获得分析物的一级和二级碎片的精确质量质谱图,结合SCIEX OS软件可对581种目标物质进行快速筛查,其中包括546种农药、24种真菌毒素、11种鼠药,以一级离子精确质量数、一级离子同位素丰度比以及二级碎片进行标准质谱库匹配。应用建立的快速筛选确认检测方法对一起突发性食物中毒安全事件样本进行检测,共检测11份样本,其中9份均检测出呋喃丹。进一步以呋喃丹标准品确认保留时间,结果表明,样品与标准品保留时间一致。呋喃丹的精确质量数偏差均小于3.7×10-6,在0.5~500 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.998,仪器检出限(S/N=3)为0.3μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为1μg/kg,在10、50、200μg/kg 3个添加水平的回收率为75.6%~95.9%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~6.9%(n=6)。该方法快速、简便、准确、灵敏,适用于突发性公共安全事件的快速筛查与检测要求。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱飞行时间串联质谱法快速筛查保健食品中非法添加的磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂及其类似物

采用离子阱飞行时间串联质谱(LC-MS-IT-TOF)技术对保健食品中非法添加的西地那非、他达那非和红地那非等28种磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂(PDE-5)及其类似物进行快速筛查和确证。建立了此28种化合物的精确分子质量数和多级质谱碎片离子数据库。样品经甲醇超声提取,以C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3.5μm)分离,乙腈-0.1%乙酸为流动相梯度洗脱。结果显示,28种化合物的筛查检出限为0.2~7.0μg/L,定量下限为0.04~1.18 mg/kg(胶囊样品)和0.007~0.235 mg/L(口服液)。以定量下限浓度为加标水平的平均回收率为31.0%~114.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%~14.9%。利用精确质量数匹配和自建标准谱库检索,实现快速筛查;结合保留时间、同位素丰度和多级特征碎片离子对目标化合物进行确证。该方法具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,适用于保健食品中非法添加的磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂(PDE-5)及其类似物的高通量筛查和定性鉴定。根据裂解规律的归纳总结,还可应用于其未知衍生物及结构类似物的分子式预测和结构推导。     

超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱质谱法快速检测化妆品中66种抗生素

采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时测定化妆品中磺胺类、沙星类等66种抗生素类化合物,建立了快速筛查数据库和定量分析方法。待测物用乙腈超声提取,C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）分离,以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正离子模式下,以保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数进行快速筛查,以高能碰撞诱导解离获得的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明,化合物的线性关系良好,线性相关系数（R²）>0.99;检出限（LOD）为2~4 μg/kg;定量限（LOQ）为5~10 μg/kg;3个添加水平（1LOQ、10LOQ、30LOQ）的平均回收率为58.2%~119.1%,相对标准偏差为1.03~11.9%。该方法简便快速、定性定量可靠,适用于化妆品中抗生素类化合物的快速筛查和定量检测。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速筛查生鲜牛乳中的14种磺胺类药物

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q TOF MS)技术建立了生鲜牛乳中14种磺胺类药物(磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺噻唑、磺胺吡啶、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺醋酰、磺胺曲沙唑、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺苯酰、磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺甲唑)的快速筛查方法。建立了此14种化合物的精确分子质量数和二级质谱碎片离子数据库。牛乳样品经含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液提取,采用Qu ECh ERS方法净化。目标药物经Agilent ZORBAX SB C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使用Dual AJS ESI源,在正离子模式下进行数据采集,可在8 min内实现对14种磺胺类药物的良好分离。结果表明,14种磺胺类药物的定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为10μg/kg,在10,20,50μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为72.5%~117.1%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~10.9%。结合精确分子质量数、保留时间、同位素丰度和二级特征碎片离子对目标化合物进行快速筛查与确证。该方法快速简便、准确、灵敏度较高,适用于牛乳中磺胺类药物残留的高通量筛查与定性鉴定。     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法筛查水产养殖用投料中36种兽药

建立超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用法快速筛查水产养殖用投料中多种兽药的方法。水产养殖用投料样品经80%（体积分数）乙腈水溶液（含体积分数为0.2%的甲酸）超声提取，过PRIME HLB固相萃取柱净化，以体积分数为0.1%的甲酸-乙腈溶液、0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.03%氨水-乙腈溶液、0.03%氨水溶液分别为正、负离子模式的流动相，用Accucore RP-MS色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm）进行梯度洗脱分离。比对了在Q-Exactive全扫描模式下得到的多种兽药的实测精确质量数与理论精确质量数，其质量偏差为-1.281 4×10-6～1.223 5×10-6 Da，有效降低了基质干扰。结合建立的36种兽药的二级质谱数据库，利用碎片离子信息实现水产养殖用投料中多种兽药的快速筛查与定量。36种兽药在质量浓度为2.5～100μg/mL（酰胺醇类药物）、12.5～100μg/mL（其它药物）的范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99。3种酰胺醇类药物的方法检出限为10μg/kg，其它药物的方法检测限为50μg/kg，样品加标回收率为59.9%～118.3%，相对标...     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱用于化妆品中18种非甾体抗炎药筛查和测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF MS）快速筛查和测定化妆品中18种非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）的方法。样品采用60%乙腈水溶液超声提取,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱。在ESI正离子扫描模式下,采用Target MS/MS模式采集化合物的质谱信息构建筛查数据库,以保留时间、一级母离子精确质量数、同位素丰度比和二级子离子谱库匹配进行快速筛查,以基质匹配外标法进行定量分析。结果表明18种化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）均大于0.99;检出限为0.001～0.050μg/g,定量下限为0.004～0.150μg/g。低、中、高3个加标水平下,膏霜及水剂两种化妆品基质的平均回收率为70.7%～116%,日内相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为0.70%～7.5%,日间RSD(n=3)为3.0%～14%。该方法前处理简单高效、准确度好、分析速度快,筛查结果准确,可用于化妆品中非甾体抗炎药的定性确证和定量分析,为化妆品风险识别提供技术手段。     

QuEChERS-同位素稀释-液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱法高通量筛查化妆品中86种糖皮质激素

建立了QuEChERS-同位素稀释-液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱同时快速筛查化妆品中86种糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoids, GCs)的高通量方法.样品经乙腈提取,改进的QuEChERS法净化,待测物选用具有多重色谱保留机理的新型色谱柱Poroshell 120 PFP (100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm),以0.2% (V/V)乙酸和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾离子源的正离子模式下建立了一级精确质量数及二级碎片离子质谱图数据库,无需标准品即可完成化妆品中86种GCs的全面筛查与确证.所有待测物在2~200 μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99, 3个添加水平的平均回收率为66.2%~112.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.6%~13.9%,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3) 为0.006~0.015 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.02~0.05 mg/kg.本方法简便高效、定性可靠、定量准确,适用于化妆品中非法添加GCs的高通量筛查.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查水产品中28种农药类环境激素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和分析水产品中28种农药类环境激素的方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,Captiva ND Lipids小柱净化,用Acquity UPLC@BEN C18色谱柱(2.1mm×50 mm,1.7μm)分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用正、负离子切换同时测定了28种农药类环境激素,大大提高了检测通量。以全扫描模式下提取的保留时间和一级母离子精确质量数以及同位素丰度比,实现对水产品中多种农药类环境激素的快速筛查;以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子精确质量数进行确证。结果表明,目标化合物的线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.99;除乙草胺、腐霉利和杀螟硫磷外,其他化合物的检出限不大于10μg/kg,回收率为65.7%~98.9%,相对标准偏差为6.2%~11.3%。该方法简单、准确、快速、可靠,适用于水产品中多种农药类环境激素的高通量快速定性筛查和定量分析。     

基于精确质量数筛选的超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱质谱法快速鉴别化妆品中的邻苯二甲酸酯

采用超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱组合式高分辨质谱联用(UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS),结合邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)精确质量数,建立了快速筛选、定性识别化妆品中PAEs的分析方法。不同种类的化妆品样品经甲醇提取,Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100×2.1mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈-水(含5mmol/L乙酸铵和0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱。通过UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS的正离子模式全扫描分析,获得提取物中PAEs化合物母离子和主要碎片离子精确质量数,实现对化妆品的快速筛选。以保留时间和数据依赖扫描(Data Dependent Scan)模式获得的子离子质谱图进行定性确证。所发展的UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS方法分离度高、灵敏度好,所考察的14种常见PAEs的精确质量数相对偏差小于5.0×10-6,线性良好,相关系数大于0.99,14种PAEs的检出限在0.05~0.5mg/kg范围内,能满足化妆品实际样品的分析要求。对50种化妆品实际样品进行筛选,结果良好,说明该方法是化妆品中PAEs快速筛选、定性识别的有效方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).