洗涤用品质量安全检测技术研究进展

洗涤用品是日常使用的产品,其质量安全受到广大消费者的关注。洗涤用品中可能存在的化学风险物质,将对消费者的健康安全产生负面影响。为了减少和避免洗涤用品质量安全问题,研究人员采用多种分析测试技术,开发、建立了洗涤用品中化学风险物质的检测方法。该文综述了近年来洗涤用品质量安全检测技术的研究进展,以期为相关领域的科技人员提供理论支持和技术参考。     

化妆品样品前处理与检测技术研究进展

随着我国经济和人民生活水平的不断提高,作为日常消费品的化妆品产业发展迅猛,其安全性日益受到广泛关注。随之而来的化妆品检测量的大幅增长对检测技术提出了更高的要求。传统样品前处理和检测技术因有机试剂消耗量大,检测通量低、检测周期长已无法满足当前绿色化学发展和高通量检测的需求。对此,科研人员开发了一系列环境友好型前处理技术以及高通量现场快速检测方法,为化妆品质量安全保驾护航。该文综述了当前化妆品样品前处理及检测技术的研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势和应用前景,以期为从事化妆品检测的科研和检验人员提供技术参考。     

化妆品中植物原料组分检测技术研究进展

化妆品已成为当今社会人们生活中不可或缺的日用消费品。近年来,随着人们追求天然、绿色、安全、健康的意识日益增强,以植物活性成分为主的天然化妆品越来越受到广大消费者的青睐。与传统化妆品相比,植物中的天然物质更容易被皮肤吸收,且不易在体内产生沉积。该文介绍了化妆品中已使用的植物原料组分,并对其相关检测技术进行了综述,以期对植物资源的有效开发利用和化妆品的检验检测提供理论指导和技术支持。     

湖北保健食品化妆品质量安全检测中心建成

不久前,湖北保健食品化妆品质量安全检测中心正式揭牌,新成立的质检中心将依法承担国家部分食品、保健食品、化妆品及全省食品、保健食品、化妆品的质量安全检测工作,开展相应检测技术与试验方法的研究咨询和开发服务等工作。目前,湖北省食品、保健品、化妆品等质量安全检测十分分散。武汉建成这一国家级检验中心后,3类质量安全的检测全部由该中心统一进行,力争实现国家级检验机构对归口产品检测能力达到100%。     

化妆品中有害物质分析检测方法研究进展

功能性化妆品常被非法添加禁限用物质,不仅侵害消费者利益和身体健康,也扰乱了市场秩序。该文按检测的有害物质分类,重点讨论了近些年非法添加的药用物质(激素、抗生素)、防腐剂、防晒剂和其他有毒有害物质的较新颖的前处理技术和检测方法,并对化妆品检测方法的发展前景进行了展望,引用文献86篇。     

化妆品分析样品前处理方法研究进展

作为与人们日常生活紧密相关的消费品之一,化妆品中禁、限用成分的分析检测,对于监控化妆品质量、保证消费者使用安全具有重要的研究意义。由于化妆品基质复杂,基体干扰严重,难以对目标物进行直接检测,因此需要采用样品前处理技术对其进行分离富集。该文综述了近年来的化妆品样品前处理方法,包括消解法、液-液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、液相微萃取技术、微波辅助萃取以及超声波辅助提取等,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

芬太尼类新精神活性物质检测技术研究进展

毒品滥用是全球性问题,对人们的身心健康、经济发展和社会进步造成巨大危害。毒品稽查是保障公共安全和社会秩序的重要手段,而科学精准的检测技术为开展毒品稽查工作提供了有力支撑。近年来,芬太尼类新精神活性物质迅速蔓延,其具有更强的兴奋、致幻、麻醉等效果,已成为继传统毒品、合成毒品后全球流行的第三代毒品,并在一些国家流行、滥用,已造成大量人员死亡,引发严重社会问题。对此,各国政府密切关注并制定了相应法律法规进行管控,科研人员也开发了一系列检测技术。该文重点论述了芬太尼类新精神活性物质的传统实验室检测技术和现场快速检测技术的研究进展,并对这些技术的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望,以期为相关领域研究人员提供技术参考。     

液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定化妆品中游离甲醛含量

正甲醛是一种重要的有机物,它作为有机原料使用时,用途非常广泛。当甲醛用于杀菌防腐时,其用量、使用方法和范围有着明确的规定。对于化妆品而言,国际上公认的甲醛安全限量是0.2%。我国的《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)中规定,甲醛属于限制使用的物质,除口腔卫生产品最大允许使用量为0.1%以外,其他化妆品中游离甲醛的最大允许使用量为0.2%(当在化妆品成品中其质量分数超过0.05%时,必须在产品标签中标印"含甲     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中7种二甲基环硅氧烷

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）测定化妆品中7种二甲基环硅氧烷的检测方法。将不同基质化妆品经异丙醇分散、正己烷提取后,以HP-5MS UI毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm）分离,采用GC-MS/MS多重反应监测（MRM）模式检测,基质匹配外标法定量。结果显示,7种二甲基环硅氧烷在50～1 000 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R）为0.996 5～0.999 9;方法检出限（LOD）为4.0～6.1 mg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为13.2～20.4 mg/kg,平均加标回收率为85.1%～115%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.90%～7.0%。采用该方法对市售的102批化妆品进行检测,检出组分涵盖了D4～D9。该方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适用于化妆品中7种二甲基环硅氧烷的监测,为保障化妆品的质量安全提供了技术支撑。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定不同配方体系化妆品中7种二甲基环硅氧烷

鉴于当前化妆品中二甲基环硅氧烷的添加乱象,以及关于二甲基环硅氧烷在化妆品中安全风险评价的研究也未有实质性进展,因此建立适合不同配方体系化妆品中二甲基环硅氧烷的测定方法具有一定的理论和现实意义。基于此,建立了凝胶渗透色谱净化结合气相色谱-串联质谱测定不同配方体系化妆品中7种二甲基环硅氧烷的方法。方法采用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1∶1, v/v)提取,凝胶渗透色谱净化,通过DB-5ms色谱柱(30.0 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离和气相色谱-串联质谱选择反应监测(SRM)模式进行确证和检测,以正十六烷为内标物内标法定量。分别对内标物、提取溶剂和净化方式的选择进行了优化。在最终确立的条件下,7种二甲基环硅氧烷在0.05~1.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.994~0.998;方法的检出限(LOD, S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ, S/N=10)分别为0.04~0.08 mg/kg和0.12~0.24 mg/kg;针对不同配方体系的化妆品基质,进行了低、中、高3个添加水平的加标回收试验,目标物的加标回收率为85.3%~108.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%~9.4%。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,重复性好,能够满足不同配方体系化妆品中7种二甲基环硅氧烷的测定要求。采用所建立的方法对市面上的化妆品进行检测,八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)和十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)均有不同程度的检出。该方法的建立将为我国化妆品中二甲基环硅氧烷的质量监督检查提供技术依据,有利于保障化妆品的安全,同时也为后续化妆品中二甲基环硅氧烷的健康安全风险评价提供了技术支撑。     

Ab initio studies of the conformations of ethynyl formate, cyano formate and related ethynyl and cyano compounds

The optimized geometries, relative free energies and related thermodynamic properties, harmonic frequencies, and dipole moments have been calculated at the HF and MP2 levels for ethynyl formate (1a), ethynyl acetate (1b), cyano formate, HCO₂CN (1c), cyano acetate (1d), S-ethynyl thioformate (2a), S-ethynyl thioacetate (2b), S-cyano thioformate (2c), S-cyano thioacetate (2d), N-ethynylformamide (3a), N-ethynylacetamide (3b), N-cyanoformamide (3c), and N-cyanoacetamide (3d) with the gaussian 98 program. For ethynyl formate, the calculation for 25 °C at the MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) level predicts that the Z isomer is more stable by 1.23 kcal/mol. For S-ethynyl thioformate, calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level predict that the E isomer is favored by 0.71 kcal/mol at 25 °C. The E isomers of N-ethynylformamide and N-ethynylacetamide were found at all levels to be more stable than the Z isomers at 25 °C. For cyano formate and cyano acetate, calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) level predict that the Z isomers are more stable at 25 °C by 1.50 and 2.72 kcal/mol, respectively. At this level and temperature, the Z isomers of 2c, 2d, 3c, and 3d are predicted to have free energies of 0.46, −0.07, 1.22, and 2.28 kcal/mol, respectively, relative to the E conformations. Z to E free-energy barriers at 25 °C of 8.63, 10.64, 17.63, 7.39, and 14.03 kcal/mol were calculated for 1a, 2a, 3a, 1c, and 3c at the HF/6-311G(d,p) level, and at the HF/6-311+G(d,p) level, the free-energy barrier for 2c was 7.08 kcal/mol.     

Pyrazolones as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of New Pyrazolopyran,Pyrazolopyridazine and Pyrazole Derivatives of Expected Antifungicidal Activity

A series of new pyrazolone and pyrazole derivatives with expected antifungicidal activity have been prepared through the reactions 3‐phenyl‐1‐H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one ( 3 ) and 4‐(dimethylaminomethylene)‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one ( 5 ) with a variety of electrophilic reagents and nucleophilic reagents. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass spectral studies.     

Characteristics of Lipids from Individual Organs of Veronica beccabunga

Lipids from various organs of the aquatic plant Veronica beccabunga were studied. It has been demonstrated that neutral and polar lipids are qualitatively typical of higher photosynthetic plants. Lipids in various organs of aquatic veronica were unevenly distributed. The most significant differences were observed in neutral lipids for the accumulation of glycerin esters, free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. The ratio of phospholipids varied considerably in the polar lipids.     

Potentiometric and thermodynamic studies of 2-mercapto-5-(2-hydroxynaphthylideamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and its metal complexes

Summary Proton-ligand dissociation constant of 2-mercapto-5-(2-hydroxynaphthylideamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (MHT) and the stepwise stability constants of its metal complexes were determined potentiometrically in 40 mass/mass% ethanol-water mixture containing 0.1 M KCl. The stabilities of the complexes follow the order: Cu²⁺>Ni²⁺>Co²⁺>Mn²⁺. The dissociation constant (pK^H) of MHT and the stability constants (logK) of its metal complexes were determined at different temperatures and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. The proton dissociation process is non-spontaneous, endothermic and entropically unfavoured. The formation of the metal complexes was found to be spontaneous, endothermic and entropically favoured.     

溶质迁移研究进展

溶质迁移研究已成为水文地质等领域的一个重要研究课题。综述了溶质迁移研究进展,重点介绍了溶质迁移在地下水污染与防治、土壤盐碱化防治、海水入侵和咸水入侵防治等方面的研究现状,并指出应进一步研究的问题。     

Synthesis and spectral properties of malononitrile-based merocyanine dyes

Di-, tetra-, and hexamethine merocyanines derived from malononitrile and heterocycles with moderate (dyes 1–6), strong (7–9), and weak (10 and 11) electron-releasing ability were synthesized. The electronic structures of merocyanines 10 and 11 are similar to the neutral polyene state, whereas those of 7–9 are similar to the ideal polymethine state. These tendencies become more pronounced with increasing length of the polymethine chain. The merocyanines derived from heterocyclic residues with weak or moderate electron-releasing ability exhibit a positive solvatochromism, whereas those with strong electron-releasing ability show a negative solvatochromism. An increase in the polarity of the solvent makes the former compounds more similar to polymethines, whereas the latter become more similar to polyenes bearing opposite charges on the end groups. The nature of the factors (nonspecific solvation, specific nucleophilic and electrophilic solvation, and vibronic interactions) responsible for the observed characteristic features was analyzed. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2726–2735, December, 2005.     

Studies of some monocyclic and bicyclic arylacetonitriles

The high-resolution (1)H, (13)C, (1)H-(1)H COSY and (1)H-(13)C COSY NMR spectra have been recorded in CDCl(3) for arylacetonitriles 1-12 and analyzed. The arylacetonitriles 3-7 exist in two isomeric forms E (methyl group is anti to cyano group) and Z (the methyl group is syn to cyano group) in solution. Normal chair conformation with equatorial orientations of phenyl rings at C-2 and C-6 for monocyclic nitriles 1 and 2, epimeric chair structure EC (axial configuration of methyl group at C-3) for both the E and Z isomers of arylacetonitrile derivatives (3-7) and a distorted boat form, B(3), for the N-acylacetonitrile derivatives (8-10) have been proposed based on NMR data. The bicyclic nitriles 11 and 12 exist in twin chair conformations in solution. DFT calculations and chemical shifts also support these conformations. Geometry optimizations for 1-12 were carried out according to density functional theory using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set and for 1 and 8 the theoretical geometrical parameters have been compared with those of single crystal measurements.     

Elucidation of activity of copper and copper oxide nanomaterials for electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Copper- and copper oxide–based materials are, in principle, promising components (supports, reactive sites, and visible light–absorbing semiconductors) of electrocatalysts and photocathodes for reduction of carbon dioxide. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical approaches are generally suitable for the low-temperature CO₂-conversion to carbon-based simple organic fuels or utility chemicals.Different concepts of utilization, including nanostructuring, doping, admixing, preconditioning, modification, or functionalization of various copper- and copper oxide–based systems for catalytic electroreduction and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO₂ are elucidated, as well as important strategies to enhance the systems' overall activity and stability are discussed.